Measurement profile
In science and engineering, a measurement profile is a linear series of measurements , for example a profile over part of the earth's surface or along a workpiece .
Due to the closely spaced measuring points , a measuring profile allows precise conclusions to be drawn about the shape and properties of the examined object and (with physical measurements) often also about deeper layers.
In the geosciences , profiles are often created in straight lines along the earth's surface or on line structures ( rivers , terrain edges , etc.). The planning of the profile is often based on aerial photographs or plans , the setting out with theodolite , GPS or alignment . The measurements along the profile can be of a geometric or physical nature. Some examples are:
- Terrain profiles : either height measurements directly in the terrain or cartometrically from the elevation layers in maps. The accuracies are between a few centimeters ( tachymetry ) and the meter ( aerial photogrammetry , laser scanning )
- Geological profile : the recording and representation of the rock types and their stratifications in the subsurface
- Geophysical profiles, e.g. using reflection seismics or ground radar . About are subterranean formations blowing or Vibroseis used, while the receiver ( geophones ) along lines or a grid pattern designed to be
- Flow profiles in hydrography : sounding of cross profiles of the river bed by a survey ship or with ADCP.
- In astronomy, the scanning of the starry sky with an astrometric satellite or the precise measurement of spectral lines .
In mechanical engineering, profiles are usually measured to precisely determine the shape of workpieces , their hardness or structures; Something similar occurs in construction and other technical sectors. Some examples are:
- Profiles of wings in aerodynamics (see adjacent sketch)
- Measurement of the roughness of metal surfaces
- Ultrasound applications, e.g. B. with the Doppler profile flow meter
- Measurement of settlement after the erection of larger structures.
- See also