Meteosat-10
| MSG-3 | |
|---|---|
| Phase : E2 / Status : active | |
| Type: | Weather satellite |
| Organization: | Eumetsat |
| COSPAR designation : | 2012-035B |
| Mission dates | |
| Start date: | 5th July 2012 |
| Starting place: | Kourou |
| Launcher: | Ariane 5 |
| Orbit data | |
| Track height: | 36,800 km |
| Actual position: | 0 ° |
| General spacecraft data | |
| Takeoff mass: | approx. 2000 kg |
| Dimensions: | ⌀ 3.2 × 2.3 m |
| Manufacturer: | Thales Alenia Space |
| Specific spacecraft data | |
| Stabilization : | spin stabilized |
| Electrical power: | 0.7 kW (EOL) |
| Payload: | Twelve- channel radiometer |
| Payload data | |
| Satellite bus | MSG FM 3 |
| Others | |
| Previous mission: |
Meteosat-9 (MSG-2) |
| Subsequent mission: |
MSG-4 |
Meteosat-10 (originally MSG-3 English Meteosat Second Generation 3 for second generation weather satellite ) is one of the world's most modern weather satellites and belongs to the European Meteosat series . It is operated by the European Space Agency ESA . The platform provides a total of 12 spectral channels. The weather satellite agency Eumetsat in Darmstadt controls the operational use of the satellite. The weather data from the Meteosat / MSG satellites are available to meteorologists and national weather services worldwide. With the successful commissioning of the MSG-3 satellite in December 2012, it was named Meteosat-10.
Development, launch and operation
The satellites are a joint project of EUMETSAT and ESA, which also has its ESOC control center in Darmstadt.
EUMETSAT has been operating Meteosat satellites since 1977. In 2002 the second series of Meteosat systems was launched. All satellites in this series are spin stabilized and have as their main payload a high-performance instrument for multispectral satellite imaging in visible light and in the infrared range. In 2012, the second generation of weather satellites Meteosat-8 and Meteosat-9 were in operation. MSG-3 is another satellite in the Meteosat series with the number 10 and the third satellite in this series. The total costs of the series, which will consist of four satellites in the future, are estimated at 2.2 billion euros. The fourth MSG satellite is due to be launched in 2015, so that the series can work seamlessly until at least 2018.
The functionality of the MSG-3 was tested at the beginning of 2012: On February 1 and 2, 2012, the instruments and devices were subjected to intensive tests at Thales Alenia Space in Cannes, France . Here, among other things, the correct receipt of commands and the ability to supply all necessary data were checked. EUMETSAT tested the control of the satellite for three days: 1,306 commands were transmitted from ESOC to the satellite. After this final “System Verification Test” the satellite was released.
On July 5, 2012, MSG-3 was launched as scheduled at 21:36 UTC with the Ariane 5 ECA launcher from the Center Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana . The satellite is in a geostationary position at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers.
In January 2013 Meteosat-10 took over the position of Meteosat-9, which subsequently replaced Meteosat-8. Since then, Meteosat-10 has been at position 0 ° longitude and sends an image from full earth (Europe and Africa) to the ground station every 15 minutes.
In February 2018 Meteosat-10 was moved to 9.5 ° East.
Instrumentation
EUMETSAT described the performance spectrum of the MSG satellites as follows:
- Permanent imaging in the visible and infrared spectrum of the earth, with a frequency of 15 minutes
- High resolution imaging of the visible half of the earth
- Transmission of raw data and other information from the satellite to the ground station (PGS)
- Transmission of data collection platforms information (DCP) via the satellite to the PGS;
- Admission of a scientific payload
- Relay for receiving emergency signals via MSG satellites
Passive imaging systems
The MSG satellites carry the SEVIRI system as the main payload. SEVIRI stands for " S pinning E nhanced V isible and I nfra R ed I lean" is a multispectral high-resolution imager. SEVIRI is set up to focus mainly on Europe and Africa. With the data from SEVIRI, more precise local weather forecasts are to be made possible, especially when thunderstorms occur quickly. With this system, the MSG satellites can provide a complete picture of the weather situation in Europe, Africa and the North Atlantic every 15 minutes, and even every five minutes for a smaller section.
SEVIRI can accept structures with diameters of one kilometer in visible light and three kilometers in infrared, i.e. H. record evaluable.
The MSG-3 has 12 spectral channels with different instruments. Like Meteosat-9, the MSG-3 delivers a multispectral image of the same section of the earth every 15 minutes. The twelve observation channels cover the visible range of light as well as the infrared range. Several are in areas where the absorption of radiation by water vapor in the atmosphere is strong. In this way, the weather can be recorded including an estimate of the water vapor content in different layers of the atmosphere. The high refresh rate enables a more accurate forecast of wind direction and speed by comparing two consecutive recordings 15 minutes apart. By combining several channels, different types of clouds (e.g. ice clouds) can be recognized and severe weather warnings can be generated more quickly.
Secondary payloads
MSG-3 carries two secondary payloads with it.
In addition to the passive observation channels, the platform has a sensor for determining the Earth's radiation balance (Global Earth Radiation Budget sensor, GERB). This measures the energy radiated directly from the sun on the one hand and the energy reflected from the earth on the other. This makes it possible to determine how much solar energy is reflected back into space and how much gets into the terrestrial climate system. This should z. For example, insights into the atmospheric circulation on the day and night sides of the earth can be gained through radiation transfer models.
The satellite also carries a transponder for the COSPAS-SARSAT system and thus serves as a relay station for search and rescue transponders . In the GEOSAR segment of the SARSAT system, this transponder can detect emergency signals within the field of view of the satellite and immediately forward them to a suitable GEOLUT ground station .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Meteosat 10 on N2YO.com, accessed October 18, 2019.
- ↑ ArianeSpace: Mission Update - Ariane 5 lofts telecommunications and weather observation satellites on Arianespace's latest mission success . Arianespace, July 5, 2012
- ↑ Tagesschau from July 5, 2012
- ↑ MSG-3 declared ready for operation as Meteosat-10 . Eumetsat press release of December 18, 2012.
- ↑ Meteosat-10 has replaced Meteosat-9 as the primary operational geostationary weather satellite after being moved to 0º Eumetsat press release of January 21, 2013, accessed April 5, 2014.
- ↑ Meteosat. Eumetsat, accessed August 2, 2019 .
- ^ Meteosat Second Generation Instruments. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012 ; Retrieved July 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Watchers in space. In: Welt Online. Retrieved July 6, 2012 .
- ↑ New European weather satellite in orbit. In: Astronews. June 6, 2012, accessed July 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Europe's MSG-3: Preparation for a start in summer. March 8, 2012, accessed July 6, 2012 .