Mikhail Petrovich Frinovsky

Mikhail Frinovsky

Mikhail Frinovsky ( Russian Михаил Петрович Фриновский , scientific. Transliteration Mikhail Petrovich Frinovskij ; born January 26 ^{. Jul} / 7. February  1898 ^greg. In Narowtschat , Penza province , † 4. February 1940 in Moscow ) was a high ranking official of the Soviet Interior Ministry NKVD and People's Commissar of the Soviet Navy . During the Great Terror in the Soviet Union , he was instrumental in the planning and implementation of the so-called mass operations .

Life

Frinovsky, of Russian nationality, was born the son of a teacher and completed secondary school education. In early 1916, he volunteered for the Russian army . In August 1916 he deserted and joined an anarchist group. In 1917 he took part in the July uprising in Moscow. In September 1917 he joined the Red Guard . He commanded a group of Red Guards and was badly wounded in the attack on the Kremlin . Until February 1918 he was treated in hospital.

In 1918 he became a member of the Communist Party of Russia (Bolsheviks) . In July 1918 he joined the Red Army . There he was the commander of a squadron and then head of the counter-espionage department of the First Cavalry Army. From 1919 he belonged to the Cheka and its successor organizations OGPU and NKVD. In 1919 he took part in important Cheka operations such as the suppression of anarchist groups in Ukraine.

In 1927 he finished a course at the military academy "MW Frunze" . In 1930 he took over the management of the OGPU in the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic . From 1933 to 1936/37 he headed the head office for border and internal protection of the OGPU and the NKVD . He then became deputy, then first deputy, of Nikolai Yezhov , the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs of the USSR . From 1937 to 1938 he also held the post of Head of Department, Border and Internal Protection of the NKVD.

Frinowski worked closely with Yezhov and was a leader in secret repression campaigns directed against “ kulaks ”, “criminals” and “other anti-Soviet elements” (→ NKVD order no. 00447 ) as well as against national minorities .

On September 8, 1938, Stalin appointed Frinovsky People's Commissar of the Soviet Navy . This was in fact a degradation, because Frinowski suddenly found himself in an environment without security and power from longtime confidants. He was arrested on April 6, 1939. He was accused of being involved in a conspiracy within the NKVD. He was shot dead on February 4, 1940 . Frinowski was not rehabilitated.

family

Frinowski's wife Nina Stepanovna (* 1903) was a graduate of history . She was arrested together with her son Oleg (* 1922) on April 12, 1939. Oleg was executed in January 1940 for alleged belonging to a counterrevolutionary youth association, Nina was sentenced to death on February 2, 1940 and shot the following day.

literature

• Rolf Binner, Bernd Bonwetsch , Marc Junge: mass murder and imprisonment. The other story of the great terror (publications of the German Historical Institute Moscow, vol. 1), Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-05-004662-4 . (Biographical information there on page 784. )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Short biography on hrono.ru , accessed on January 2, 2011
2. ↑ Biographical information on wsws.org , accessed on March 28, 2016.
3. ^ David King : Ordinary Citizens: The Victims of Stalin . Mehring Verlag, Essen 2012, ISBN 978-3-88634-128-3 , p. 158.