Mikhail Stepanovich Voronin

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Mikhail Stepanovich Voronin

Mikhail Stepanowitsch Voronin ( Russian Михаил Степанович Воронин , born June 21, 1838 in Saint Petersburg , †  February 20, 1903 ibid) was a Russian botanist . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is " Voronin ".

Live and act

The offspring of a wealthy merchant family was tutored by private tutors, including Nikolai Gavrilowitsch Tschernyshevsky , who later became known as a poet. Voronin had a special talent for foreign languages, among which he mastered French, German and English.

From 1854 he studied natural sciences and especially botany at the University of St. Petersburg , where Lev Semjonowitsch Zenkowski was his teacher. In St. Petersburg he was mainly concerned with higher plants and mushrooms. He then studied at the University of Heidelberg and, on the recommendation of Zenkowski, with Anton de Bary at the University of Freiburg . In Freiburg he dealt with anatomical questions about calycanthus , which he reported in 1860 in his first publication in the " Botanische Zeitung ".

In 1860 he moved to Antibes , where he did research in the laboratory of the algologist Gustave Adolphe Thuret on the Mediterranean alga Acetabularia . His interest was in the ontogenesis of this type of algae, on which he also wrote his master's thesis with the title Investigations of sea algae . In 1861 he successfully defended his dissertation at the University of St. Petersburg.

Already during his first stay in Freiburg, Woronin dealt with the mushroom genus Monilia in addition to his work on calycanthus . After he was able to open a private laboratory with the funds of his family, he turned back to researching these mushrooms. Since he only made limited progress with his research, he turned to de Bary and came back to Freiburg in 1863, where he dealt with the development of Monilia as well as that of other mushroom taxa.

Back in St. Petersburg, he researched the swelling of the roots of lupins , and with the help of thin sections under the microscope, he discovered that these are filled with bacteria, for which he coined the name nodule bacteria . He was also able to show that the roots of both legumes and alders could be infected with the bacteria and only then do the nodules form. He also postulated that bacteria and fungi can also occur as pathogens on plants. He further attributed the known changes in lingonberry leaves to infection with a fungus, the common lingonberry naked basid ( Exobasidium vaccinii ), a species he first described. This result is the starting point for numerous further studies on the phytopathology of fungi.

In 1866, Voronin was again in Freiburg with de Bary and worked with him on the fundamental work on mycology "Contributions to the morphology and physiology of fungi" , which appeared in numerous volumes between 1866 and 1882. In collaboration with de Bary, Woronin in Freiburg researched mushrooms from different groups, such as the order of the Chytridiales or the genera Ascobolus and Mucor .

In the period from 1860 to 1870, Voronin worked again in the field of phytopathology. In doing so, he discovered important principles of rust fungi on sunflowers and clubheads . Based on his discoveries, he recommended growing the sunflower in rotation .

From 1869 to 1870 he was a private lecturer in mycology at the University of St. Petersburg and taught cytology and mycology at the newly founded Zenskie medicinskie kursy in St. Petersburg from 1873 to 1875. From 1898 he was head of the section for botany, anatomy and physiology of plants of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.

Voronin is the founder of the freshwater biological station on the Bologoje Lake, which is known in specialist circles .

Honors

  • 1874: Dr. hc New Russian University of Odessa
  • The mushroom genera Woronina Cornu and Woroninella Racib are named after him . and the algae genus Woroninia Solms-Laubach .

swell

  • Ilse Jahn: history of botany . Spektrum-Verlag, 2000.

Fonts

  • About the root swelling of the black alder (Alnus glutinosa) and the common garden lupine (Lupinus mutabilis) . In: Mémoires de l'Academie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg . VII Series, vol. X., 1866
  • Contribution to the knowledge of the Vaucherien . In: Botanische Zeitung 27. Jg. 1869, No. 9 of February 26, 1869, Col. 137-144 and No. 10 of March 5, 1869, Col. 153-160
  • Sclerotinia heteroica . In: Journal of Plant Diseases . 6: 129-140, 199-207, 1896 (with S. Nawashin)
  • About the sclerotia of vaccinia berries. Developmental history of the sclerotinia causing this disease . In: Memoires de L'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg , VII série, 36 (6): 1-49, 1888
  • Sclerotia of the common bird cherry and mountain ash. (Sclerotinia padi and Sclerotinia aucupariae) . In: Memoires de L'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg . VIII série, 2 (1): 1-27, 1895
  • About Sclerotinia cinerea and Sclerotinia fructigena . In: Memoires de L'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg . VIII série, 10 (5): 1-38, 1900
  • For a detailed list of literature see Russian Wikipedia

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Voronin, Mikhail Stepanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Воронин, Михаил Степанович
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian botanist
DATE OF BIRTH June 21, 1838
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH February 20, 1903
Place of death St. Petersburg