Military pentathlon
Military pentathlon ( English Military Pentathlon ) is a purely military sport . It basically consists of the disciplines shooting , throwing, obstacle course , obstacle swimming and running. Although sport is not as widespread in Germany as in other countries, there are active sports soldiers at the Conseil International du Sport Militaire (CISM) and the reservists at the Confédération Interalliée des Officiers de Réserve (CIOR) or the Confédération Interalliée des Sous- Officiers de Réserve (CISOR, AESOR until 2012) two groups that are successfully pursuing this.
CISM (Conseil International du Sport Militaire)
World championships are held annually in the military pentathlon. If the world championship does not take place in a European country, a European championship will also be held. In addition to the European and World Championships, numerous smaller competitions are also held. The world championship represents the climax and conclusion of the season. Every four years the world championship takes place as part of the CISM World Games .
The military pentathlon consists of the following 5 disciplines:
- shoot
- Obstacle course
- Obstacle swimming
- Throw
- Cross country run.
history
The military pentathlon is a further development of the modern pentathlon . The modern pentathlon was originally designed to incorporate the ideal skills of the soldier. With World War II , some of these skills (like fencing and horse riding) became irrelevant to the modern soldier.
In 1946, the French officer Henri Debrus (1908–1993) had the idea of organizing a sporting competition exclusively for the army. His attention turned to a training method practiced by the Dutch paratroopers at the time. After the paratroopers jumped over a marked zone, they had to cope with a distance of 20 kilometers with numerous obstacles and combat exercises (small-caliber weapons and grenades).
Inspired by this demanding physical and technical training of the Dutch paratroopers, Henri Debrus developed the military pentathlon: he left out parachuting and modified the individual disciplines according to his idea of ideal basic training.
The first competition was held in 1947 in Freiburg im Breisgau in the French zone of occupation in Germany; Belgium, France and the Netherlands took part. After this competition the regulations were improved and checked and recognized by the French military. The CISM (International Military Sports Council) soon showed interest in this new sport and began to build a network.
World championships have been held annually since 1950. Since then, the military pentathlon community has grown steadily and currently numbers over 30 countries.
Since the World Championships in Oslo in 1991 , women have also taken part in the competitions, with little differences to the rules for men.
Competitions
shoot
- Distance: 200 m (300 m)
- Disc: ten ring disc with a center diameter of one hundred millimeters
- Weapon: UIT standard sporting weapon
- Competition: five trial shots, ten precision shooting shots in ten minutes, ten rapid fire shots in one minute
- World record men: 200 rings
- World record women: 199 rings
Shooting is the first discipline. In addition to high concentration, the athlete must also be able to remain calm and relaxed.
The specialty of this discipline is rapid fire. The athlete fires ten shots in a minute, leaving little time for loading, aiming and shooting.
Obstacle course
- Distance: 500 meters with two (sometimes three) lanes
- Track: 20 standardized obstacles
- Competition: two approximately equally fast athletes compete against each other
- World record men: 2: 10.5 minutes
- World record women: 2: 12.4 minutes
The obstacle course is the second discipline. The order and dimensions of the 20 obstacles are internationally standardized. The systems can have different shapes (U-shape, S-shape) and contain one to four curves. The women leave out the four high jump obstacles.
As the supreme discipline of military pentathlon, the obstacle course is certainly one of the toughest challenges in sport. The athlete's body is used to the highest degree. The very different obstacles (from the five-meter ladder to the 20-meter crawl obstacle over the lions' den) demand enormous strength from the athletes.
The athlete experiences constant changes in rhythm - for example through high jumps and the high use of force when overcoming obstacles up to five meters high - which impede breathing and create an extremely high acid load in all muscle groups. Without a certain basic physical requirement, the obstacle course would not be manageable, behind a fast run that looks graceful, light-footed and supple at the same time, there are a lot of hard training units.
The obstacles include four and five meter ladders, 20 m crawl obstacles, sloping walls, lions' den, trip ropes.
Obstacle swimming
- Distance: 50 meters
- Bahn: four obstacles to submerge and climb over
- Competition: two approximately equally strong athletes compete against each other
- World record men: 23.8 seconds
- World record women: 27.6 seconds
Obstacle swimming is the third discipline. For obstacle swimming, technique, speed, quick strength and gliding ability are prerequisites. Due to the high strength requirements, even good swimmers are not necessarily faster than a fast-paced pentathlon with good obstacle technique. The short sprint distance of 50 meters demands absolute concentration and precise motivation for the only and decisive round. The obstacles include beams that are climbed over and submerged, a table 50 centimeters above the water and a raft to be submerged.
The order and tolerances of the obstacles are given. It is also possible to run in a 25-meter pool, where the table (third obstacle) is attached to the edge of the pool and at the same time represents a turning point.
Throw
- Distance:
- Target throw men, distances 20 meters / 25 meters / 30 meters / 35 meters
- Target throw women, distances 15 meters / 20 meters / 25 meters / 30 meters
- Long throw maximum performance
- Target circle: diameter inside two meters, outside four meters
- Throwing body: men's throwing body 550 grams, standardized; Women's throwing body 350 grams, standardized.
- Competition:
- Target throw with 16 objects (four objects per target circle)
- Long throw with three bodies, the furthest is scored
- World record men: target throw 136 points, long throw 80.3 meters
- World record women: Target throw 136 points, long throw 62.6 meters
Throwing is the fourth discipline. Throwing is carried out simultaneously on three to four throwing stands. The throwing stand is limited by a three-meter-long run-up area and a chest-high wall. In addition to concentration and coordination, when throwing - in contrast to shooting - a high muscle tone must be available for the required high-speed strength performance. Throwing in general is one of the most coordinatively demanding movement patterns in sport. The target throw in military pentathlon with the 550 grams of throws (women 350 grams) is one of the most difficult forms of throwing: nowhere else is fine motor / coordinative performance required to hit a target when throwing a relatively heavy weight, because everywhere (e.g. spear, hammer, Discus) only sectors have to be observed. The throwing technique in long-distance throwing, on the other hand, is pretty much comparable to the last start-up phase of a javelin thrower, as the run-up is limited to 3 m.
Cross country run
- Distance: eight kilometers for men, four kilometers for women
- Competition: handicap start, distance from point deficit after four disciplines
- World record men: 24: 25.2 minutes
- World record women: 13: 26.7 minutes
The last discipline of the military pentathlon, the cross-country run, forms a strong contrast to the run on the obstacle course: Now you no longer need speed, but endurance. The eight-kilometer run can have an altitude difference of up to 150 meters. You run on different surfaces (forest, gravel and grass).
The start is according to the Gundersen method : the leader starts after four disciplines, all others are sent to pursue with the appropriate time interval. The time interval results from the interval between the evaluation points, each evaluation point being equated with one second. Thus, the first to cross the finish line is the winner of the competition, but does not necessarily have to be the winner of the cross-country race.
For women, the difference in distance is a little less extreme, as they only run 4000 meters.
Obstacle course relay race
- Distance: 500 meters with two lanes, divided into three or four sections
- Competition: two nations - with four athletes for men or three athletes for women - compete against each other
- World record men: 1: 46.3 minutes
- World record women: 1: 54.1 minutes
The supreme discipline in fast forward, the obstacles are overcome at breathtaking speed. First tried in 1993 and officially included in the military pentathlon championships since 1995, this competition usually takes place at the end of the competition week of the world championships (due to the very high risk of injury). Four men each, three women athletes from one nation compete against another team. The winner proceeds to the next round in the knockout system .
CIOR (Confédération Interalliée des Officiers de Réserve)
The military pentathlon according to CIOR regulations is - in contrast to CISM - a pure team competition. The disciplines are very similar to those of the CISM competition, but the military character of this competition is emphasized more strongly by the obligation to wear uniform during the entire competition. A team always consists of three competitors who have recently been allowed to belong to all rank groups, as long as they are not part of the active duty.
The competition lasts three days and consists of the following disciplines:
- Shooting with the rifle and service pistol of the host country,
- Obstacle course in field suit and sports shoes,
- Obstacle swimming in field suit,
- Long-distance orienteering based on a map, aerial photo, sketch and the like,
- Throw grenades at three different targets.
CISOR (Confédération Interalliée des Sous-Officiers de Réserve)
The main competition is in a 3-man team and is held every two years (alternating with the AESOR Congress). In the years in between there is an individual championship in Warendorf, among others, which is similar to CISM.
- First day:
- Obstacle course
- Hand grenade target throw (at a window of about 1 meter × 2 meters (width × height) at a distance of 20 m), 25 per team, everyone must throw at least 5
- Obstacle swimming one, the other two 50 meters flat (in the rating: Hia 60%, the two flat 20% each)
- Inflatable rafting (approx. 500 m with embarking and disembarking)
- Orienteering
- Second day:
- Shooting with the host country's rifle
- 8 km cross-country run
In addition, in some countries there is the possibility of doing military pentathlon outside of competitions, for example as a badge.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Military Pentathlon - World Records. CISM , accessed August 27, 2012 .