Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil
Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil or Muhammad Mahmoud Pasha (* 1877 in Sahel Salim near Asyut , † February 1, 1941 in Cairo ) was an Egyptian politician and cabinet minister under King Fu'ad I and King Faruq .
Life
He came from a wealthy Egyptian family (he inherited Feddan from his father Mahmud Suleiman in 1600 and increased his wealth during his lifetime by buying land). Muhammad was educated at Asyut, Cairo, and Balliol College , Oxford . He studied law at the Sorbonne .
He held various administrative posts and became governor of Fayyum and the Suez Canal District. He was two-time Egyptian Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Egypt. The first term of office lasted from June 27, 1928 to October 4, 1929 and the second from December 29, 1937 to August 18, 1939.
Mahmoud joined the revolution in Egypt in 1919 and was interned in Malta with the revolutionary leader, the lawyer Saad Zaghloul Pasha . But he soon broke with Saad and became one of the founders of the Liberal Constitutional Party Wafd in 1922 , first as one of its vice-presidents and elected its president in 1929.
Since Great Britain was forced to give up its rule over Egypt in 1922 due to the broad independence movement, the Wafd received a majority of the votes in the first parliamentary election after independence in April 1923 and thus became the leading political force in Egypt.
Mahmoud joined the cabinet in 1926, became Finance Minister in 1927 and Prime Minister in 1928–1929. After King Faruq had dissolved the Wafd, also under British pressure, Mahmoud formed a coalition government and brought the liberal constitutional party back to power in 1938.
Publications
He published a volume of his speeches under the title "AL YAD AL QAWIYYA" (The Strong Hand) and a memorandum on the Anglo-Egyptian negotiations in 1929. The book "The Solimanian Family" shows Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha's life in office, his relationships with the British Royal Family and his obligations to serve Egypt as best he could.
Honors
On June 13, 1929, he received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University.
Art collector
In 1903 Mahmoud met Emiline Ectros in Paris, a passionate art collector. She spent 4000 pounds on Renoir's “Young Woman with a Black Tie” (Jeune Femme a la Cravate Noire) and when he accused her of doing this, she laughed and said that it was her fate. Today the painting is valued at around $ 50 million. In the course of his life he built up a very valuable collection of rare works of art that can be seen today in the most important art museum in Egypt. He built a palace in 1915, which was converted into the Mahmoud Khalil Museum named after him in 1962.
The sculptor Anton Haggar created a statue of him in 1941.
Web links
- History of the Egyptian Prime Minister 1878-1952
- Digital archive
- Mediterranean Memory: Video about Mohamad Mahmud Khalil and his museum
- Eltaher Documents
- Encyclopedia Britannica
- "AL YAD AL QAWIYYA" (the strong hand)
- Newspaper article about Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Mahmoud Khalil, Mohamed |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Mahmoud, Muhammad Pasha |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Egyptian politician, two-time Prime Minister |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1877 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Sahel Salim at Asyut |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 1, 1941 |
| Place of death | Cairo |