Molybdenum cofactor

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Structural formula
structure
General
Surname Molybdenum cofactor
other names

Moco

Molecular formula C 10 H 12 MoN 5 O 8 PS 2
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 872689-63-9
PubChem 25202532
DrugBank DB02137
Wikidata Q704923
properties
Molar mass 521.27 g mol −1
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling
no classification available
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Molybdenum cofactor ( Moco , from English molybdenum cofactor ) is a prosthetic group that causes molybdenum- catalyzed metabolic reactions in various enzymes .

properties

This is a coordination compound between Molybdopterin and a molybdenum - oxide . The molybdopterin required is synthesized from guanosine triphosphate . A genetic defect in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor leads to epileptic seizures in newborns, progressive encephalopathy , dysmorphism of the face, and difficulty in feeding.

The molybdenum cofactor is used in enzymes such as sulfite oxidases , xanthine oxidases and aldehyde oxidases .

In plants and animals, the enzymes use the tricyclic side of the molybdenum cofactor. All molybdenum-containing enzymes discovered so far use this cofactor, except for the phylogenetic alternative molybdenum-containing nitrogenase , which bind nitrogen in some bacteria and cyanobacteria . Molybdenum-containing enzymes in plants and animals catalyze the oxidation and sometimes the reduction of certain molecules, as part of the nitrogen, sulfur and carbon cycles.

In mammals , the molybdenum cofactor has so far been found in four enzymes, which are known as MOSC proteins ( English Moco sulferase C-terminal domain ).

So far, four Moco-containing enzymes are known in plants: nitrate reductase , sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase.

More than 50 different enzymes with molybdenum cofactors are known in Escherichia coli .

Some biosynthetic steps in the formation of molydopterin.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
  2. ↑ E. Bayram, Y. Topcu, P. Karakaya, U. Yis, H. Cakmakci, K. Ichida, SH Kurul: Molybdenum cofactor deficiency: review of 12 cases (MoCD and review). In: European journal of pediatric neurology: EJPN: official journal of the European Pediatric Neurology Society. Volume 17, number 1, January 2013, pp. 1–6, doi : 10.1016 / j.ejpn.2012.10.003 . PMID 23122324 .
  3. ^ G. Schwarz: Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and deficiency . In: Cell. Mol. Life Sci. tape 62 , no. December 23 , 2005, pp. 2792-2810 , doi : 10.1007 / s00018-005-5269-y , PMID 16261263 .
  4. ↑ Smolinsky B, Eichler SA, Buchmeier S, Meier JC, Schwarz G: Splice-specific functions of gephyrin in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis . In: J. Biol. Chem. Volume 283 , no. June 25 , 2008, p. 17370-17379 , doi : 10.1074 / jbc.M800985200 , PMID 18411266 .
  5. ↑ RR Mendel: The molybdenum cofactor. In: The Journal of biological chemistry. Volume 288, Number 19, May 2013, pp. 13165-13172, doi : 10.1074 / jbc.R113.455311 . PMID 23539623 . PMC 3650355 (free full text).
  6. ↑ Kisker, C .; Schindelin, H .; Baas, D .; Rétey, J .; Meckenstock, RU; Kroneck, PMH: A structural comparison of molybdenum cofactor-containing enzymes . In: FEMS Microbiol. Rev. Band 22 , no. 5 , 1999, p. 503-521 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1574-6976.1998.tb00384.x , PMID 9990727 .
  7. ^ A. Havemeyer, J. Lang, B. Clement: The fourth mammalian molybdenum enzyme mARC: current state of research. In: Drug metabolism reviews. Volume 43, number 4, November 2011, pp. 524-539, doi : 10.3109 / 03602532.2011.608682 . PMID 21942410 .
  8. ^ RR Mendel: Biology of the molybdenum cofactor. In: Journal of experimental botany. Volume 58, Number 9, 2007, pp. 2289-2296, doi : 10.1093 / jxb / erm024 . PMID 17351249 .
  9. ↑ C. Iobbi-Nivol, S. Leimkühler: Molybdenum enzymes, their maturation and molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta . Volume 1827, number 8-9, 2013 Aug-Sep, pp. 1086-1101, doi : 10.1016 / j.bbabio.2012.11.007 . PMID 23201473 .