Guanosine triphosphate
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Surname | Guanosine triphosphate | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Molecular formula | C 10 H 16 N 5 O 14 P 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Molar mass | 523.18 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Guanosine triphosphate ( GTP ) is an energy-rich chemical compound from the group of nucleoside triphosphates . It serves in particular as an energy store for anabolic (anabolic) processes of cell metabolism, such as B. as a product of the citric acid cycle (transfer of energy from carbohydrates and fats to GTP, which is created by adding a phosphate residue to GDP) or protein biosynthesis . In addition, as a substrate for G proteins , GTP plays a central role in the transmission of signals in the cell ( signal transduction ).
The GTP molecule is a condensation product of the purine base guanine , the sugar ribose and three molecules of phosphate . Energy is released by splitting off a phosphate residue with the formation of guanosine diphosphate .
The signal molecule cGMP can also be synthesized from GTP with the help of the enzyme guanylyl cyclase . GTP is also required for nucleocytosolic transport in the form of Ran-GTP .
Ran-GTP
Ran-GTP ( "Ran" by Ra 's relationship n uclear protein) is an important factor for the mass transfer cytoplasm - nucleus . Depending on the direction of transport (export or import of molecules), Exportin or Importin are initially required as a carrier. The two modes of transport have the following in common: Ran-GTP provides the necessary energy to bring Exportin with a molecule or Importin without a molecule from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Ran-GTP is converted to Ran-GDP in the cytoplasm. Ran-GDP diffuses back into the cell nucleus. RanGEF converts Ran-GDP to Ran-GTP, which can again attach to an exporter / importer.
Individual evidence
- ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
- ↑ Florian Horn et al., Biochemie des Menschen, 3rd edition, Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-13-130883-4 , p. 286.
See also
Other ribonucleoside triphosphates:
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)
- Uridine triphosphate (UTP)