Montluc prison

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Prison gate
On June 25, 2009, the building was declared a historical monument with an inscription.

The prison Montluc is a former French prison and a memorial. It is located in the third arrondissement of Lyon . The prison was built in 1921 on the site of Fort Montluc as a military prison .

history

1921 prison at the Institut franco-chinois de Lyon

In October 1921, the Montluc Prison was dedicated as a military prison for the military courts of the Lyon military district. In September 1921, the Institut franco-chinois de Lyon opened in Fort Saint-Irénée . In this institute, students were prepared for study in France. The following took part in the university preparation of the Institut franco-chinois de Lyon: Dazhang Zheng, doctoral student of Marie Curie , who later studied radium in China; Xi Zhang, forerunner of Chinese oceanography; Yang Kun, founder of ethnological studies in China; the poet and essayist of the modernist Dai Wangshu; Su Xuelin , one of the first women writers in the history of modern Chinese literature and professor at Chenggong University of Tainan (Taiwan); the painter Pan Yuliang ; and mathematician and former Justice Minister of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Zheng Yanfen. 104 pupils escaped from Fort Saint-Irénée , were picked up and taken into custody in the Prison Militaire .

September 1939 to March 1940: a military prison for the republic at war

In December 1939 the Prison Militaire was reactivated. After the German-Soviet non-aggression pact , the Parti communiste français was banned. From December 1939, members of the Parti communiste français were imprisoned in the Montluc prison under the state of emergency des l'état de siège, the law of July 11, 1938, by military courts.

June 1940 to November 1942: Armistice Army prison

The military courts of the Armistice Army of Compiègne arrested members of the PCF as well as resistance fighters of Gaullism , which the Vichy regime had banned.

February 1943 to August 1944: prison under German management

After the occupation of southern France by the Wehrmacht on November 11, 1942, Heinz Fritz Hollert , on behalf of Werner Knab , initially set up a residence and set up a residence in the 60 rooms of the Hotel Terminus (see the documentary Hôtel Terminus: Time and Life of Klaus Barbie ) Interrogation center of the security service of the Reichsführer SS . Living quarters were on the second floor, while 20 rooms on the third floor were used for interrogation of inmates brought from Montluc prison. In January 1943, Hollert applied for thirty cells in Prison Montluc to be used for interrogations by the SD. The prison was placed under German management on February 17, 1943, where Klaus Barbie and the Milice française also tortured. In June 1943 Knab took over the management duties from Hollert, who was temporarily sent to Paris to see Helmut Bone . Hollert was later killed in a targeted bombing attack on May 26, 1944, when he was conducting an interrogation as head of the interrogation center in Prison Montluc.

Thousands of men and women, hostages, racially persecuted people and resistance fighters of the Resistance were held here under inhumane conditions and had to wait here for their deportation.

Jean Moulin , Raymond Aubrac , Charles Delestraint , André Lassagne , Henri Aubry , Bruno Larat and other members of the Resistance were held here after their arrest in Caluire-et-Cuire on June 21, 1943. On August 25, 1943, the group was sentenced to death . André Devigny was able to escape and provided the background for the film “ A man sentenced to death has escaped ”.

Léon Landini was one of the few surviving Resistance fighters incarcerated in this prison .

From April 8 to August 20, 1944, 669 internees in Montluc prison were murdered in 33 locations, including members of the Resistance

Yves Farge negotiated that the management of the institution could be handed over to the Forces françaises libres on August 24, 1944 . But the 109 Jewish resists who were there were abducted on the orders of Klaus Barbie . Two days later they were murdered at Bron Airfield .

1954–1962: War in Algeria

From 1959 and 1961, those imprisoned included members of the Algerian National Liberation Front . Twelve whose pardon Charles de Gaulle had refused were in February 1960 and January 1961 under the guillotine executed.

From 1955 place of execution of the fourth and fifth French republic

In 1947 the prison was placed under civil administration as the fourth quarter of the prisons in Lyon. In 1955 a law was passed that the executions of the Fourth French Republic are to be carried out in Prison Montluc. The two inmates of the death row of the previous execution site Prisons Saint-Paul et Saint-Joseph were transferred to Prison Montluc. On August 6, 1958, the death penalty was carried out in Ain. On June 27, 1964, a man convicted of robbery and the murderer of a fishmonger were executed. On March 22, 1966, a three-time murderer convicted in Loire was executed. In 1972 the last inmate on death row, a bank robber and murderer of a prison guard in St. Paul, died trying to escape. Until 2005, Montluc was a women's prison. From 2005 to 2009 the building was administered by the Lyon agglomeration police headquarters. In 2009, the three prisons located within the Lyon truce were closed.

Montluc Prison Memorial

Through the efforts of several associations including the Association of Survivors Montluc, the City of Lyon and Prefect Jacques Gerault, the building was listed as a historical monument. The administration of the memorial was entrusted to the Office national des anciens combattants et victimes de guerre , which keeps it accessible from Wednesday noon to Saturday.

Web links

Commons : Prison Montluc  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Hammerschmidt, code name Adler : Klaus Barbie and the western secret services, 2014, Spiegel -I.4.
  2. ^ Ian Dixon , June 1990. HOLLERT, Heinz Fritz.
  3. ↑ Musee de la Resistance en Ligne , Prison de Montluc à Lyon

Coordinates: 45 ° 45 ′ 0 ″  N , 4 ° 51 ′ 36 ″  E