Muhammad Alam

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Muhammad Alam ( Arabic محمد عالم; died 1828 ) was the 22nd Sultan of Brunei . He ruled from 1826 to 1828. He was nicknamed " Raja Api " (King of Fire).

origin

Muhammad Alam was the son of Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam , the 21st Sultan of Brunei . He was the brother of Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Nur Alam , the mother of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II.

Succession to the throne

When Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam died, Omar Ali Saifuddin II, the son of the legitimate heir Muhammad Jamalul Alam I, was to become Sultan, whose father died suddenly in 1804. In the struggle for power, Muhammad Alam used the claim of the underage Omar Ali Saifuddin and later usurped the throne for himself.

Power struggles

Sultan Muhammad Alam was known as a cruel ruler and was therefore given the name "Raja Api" (Fire King). When he seized the throne without legitimation, he angered the members of the court, including his sister Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Nur Alam , who vehemently challenged his rule. She confirmed her own son's claim. The Chief of Kampung ( Malay Burong Pingai ), Mentri Abdul Hak , rebelled against him. The sister, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Nur Alam, was able to gather a following behind her so that she could start a revolt against the Sultan. The Raja Api was deposed and fled to Pulau Chermin .

death

In absentia, he was sentenced to death and strangled in Pulau Chermin . His nephew, Omar Ali Saifuddin II , succeeded him.

The date of his death is not certain as it is given differently in different sources. DE Brown (1970) relies on Hugh Low (1880) and James Brooke (Mundy, 1848) in assuming that the Sultan died around 1824. The Brunei Royal Family Tree lists the end of his reign in 1828 and his death in that year.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Graham Saunders: A History of Brunei. Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur 1994: 72. ISBN 967-65-3049-2
  2. ↑ a b c brunei 8 .
  3. ↑ Hugh Low: Selesilah (Book of the Descent). JRASSB 1880: 5.
predecessor Office successor
Muhammad Kanzul Alam Sultan of Brunei
1826–1828 		Omar Ali Saifuddin II
personal data
SURNAME Alam, Muhammad
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Api, Raja; محمد عالم (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION brunei sultan
DATE OF BIRTH 18th century
DATE OF DEATH 1828
Place of death Pulau Chermin