Multicomponent reaction

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A multi- or multi-component reaction (English Multi Component Reaction MCR) is a chemical synthetic operation , to form the same time meet three or more reactants in the reaction vessel in a product. The atom economy of MCR is often very good, which is why such syntheses are often assigned to green chemistry .

procedure

According to the rules of chemical kinetics , this should be a very unlikely and therefore slow process. For reasons that have not yet been clarified in all cases, these reactions nevertheless proceed quickly and efficiently. The reaction mechanisms probably consist of various interlocking reversible two-component reactions with an irreversible, i.e. non-reversible, final step.

It is not always possible to clearly distinguish it from classic reactions in which catalysts and solvent molecules are also reaction partners. However, with MCRs, all reaction partners are integrated into the product. Since synthesis and purification of intermediate products can be saved, MCRs are powerful tools in modern organic synthesis. Their strength and main field of application is in the field of medicinal chemistry , in order to obtain so-called libraries for pharmaceutical purposes.

While the first MCRs were still random results, today a rational or combinatorial approach is preferred. In the meantime (September 2005) almost 400 MCRs have been published. Abbreviations are often used for nomenclature purposes. The first letter of the name of the discoverer is placed in front, followed by a number indicating the number of reaction partners, followed by "-CR".

The best known MCRs are:

The search for new light-induced multi - component reactions is the subject of current research. This shows new methods of organic synthetic chemistry , the need for sustainable and atom- and energy-efficient reactions is becoming more and more urgent.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. Zhu and H. Bienaymé (editors): Multicomponent Reactions , Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005, ISBN 978-3-527-30806-4 .
  2. ↑ a b Silvia Garbarino, Davide Ravelli, Stefano Protti and Andrea Basso: Photoinduced multi-component reactions , Angew. Chem. 128 (2016) pp. 15702-15711.