Murīd
Murīd ( Arabic مريد 'The willing', plural مريدون / Murīdūn ) is Sufismus the name for a novice or adept which is suitable for treading of the Mystic path ( suluk decided), and for this purpose the guide of a Sheikh or Pīr entrusted. He has to recognize him as his student and then acts as his spiritual guide ( muršid ).
The rules that the murīd and the sheikh have to observe when dealing with one another are described in the Sufi manuals, for example in the ʿAwārif al-maʿārif of ʿUmar as-Suhrawardī (chapters 51 and 52). ʿUmar as-Suhrawardī's uncle Abū n-Najīb as-Suhrawardī has even devoted his own manual to the rules that Sufi novices must observe. It is called Ādāb al-murīdīn . In Spanish and Portuguese history , the followers of the Moorish Sufi Ibn Qasi are referred to as Murīdūn in the 11th century . He allied himself in 1144 in the fight against the Berber dynasty of the Almoravids with the dynasty of the Almohads .
The name of the Sufi brotherhood Murīdīya in African Senegal is derived from the word. In the North Caucasus , the followers of be Naqshbandi -Ordens and other Sufi brotherhoods (Germanized: Murids or Mourides) as Murīdūn referred.
The term was also adopted in Yezidism , which is influenced by Sufism. It denotes the lay caste in contrast to the two castes of the Pīre and the Sheikhs .
literature
- Mohammad Ajmal: A Note on Adab in the Murshid-Murīd Relationship. In Barbara Daly Metcalf (Ed.): Moral conduct and authority: the place of adab in South Asian Islam . Univ. of California Pr., Berkeley et al. a., 1984. pp. 241-254.
- Richard Gramlich : The gifts of the knowledge of ʿUmar as-Suhrawardī . Steiner, Wiesbaden, 1978. pp. 350-358. Digitized .
- Art. Murīd. In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Vol. VII, pp. 608b-609a.
Web link
- Murîd in Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 14. Leipzig 1908, p. 286. Zeno, 1908, accessed on November 2, 2014 .