Museum of New Western Art
The State Museum of New Western Art (Музей нового западного искусства) in Moscow was from 1923 to 1948. It showed the collections of Ivan A. Morozov (1871-1921), from Sergei Shchukin (1854-1936) and other Russian art collectors who Nationalized in 1918 and subsequently made accessible to the general public. Morozov and Shchukin left Russia. It was the world's first state museum of modern art, opened five years before MoMA in New York. The works of the Fauvists and the Abstracts were shown for the first time in a museum context in Moscow, long before Paris, London, Vienna and Berlin.
A trilingual Internet version has been available since 2017 under the title NeWestMuseum .
history
The institution was founded under the name of the First Museum of New Western Painting , housed in Morozov's city palace built in 1898 at Pretschistenka 21 in the center of Moscow. In 1928 the museum was renamed the Museum of New Western Art . The works shown had a significant influence on the Soviet avant-garde . No museum in the world, perhaps with the exception of the Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia, or even a private collection, has such a rich and comprehensive panorama of French art over the past fifty years, wrote the museum's director, Boris Ternovets, in 1933.
After Hitler's attack on the Soviet Union , the holdings were brought to safety in Novosibirsk . Although they returned to Moscow in 1944, due to the changed political constellation, they were not set up and hanged again. In 1948, the house was closed due to an order from Stalin because it showed and promoted bourgeois , dangerous art. The holdings were divided between two museums, the Pushkin Museum in Moscow and the Hermitage in Saint Petersburg. There the works disappeared in the depots.
It was not until 1973 that the art historian Irina Antonowa received state approval for an exhibition of French impressionism at the Pushkin Museum. This was followed by exhibitions with works by Malewich, Kandinsky and Chagall, which were also not on view in the Soviet Union for many decades. In the 2010s, voices were raised, first and foremost those of Irina Antonova, who is now well over 90 years old, to rebuild the museum. Vladimir Medinsky , Russian Minister of Culture since 2012, issued an order to virtually reconstruct the museum and display his works on the Internet: “Frankly, I am convinced that in 1948 a mistake was made. You shouldn't have closed the museum. "
Today the building houses the Russian Academy of Arts .
Collection focus
The focus of the collections was on masterpieces by the French Impressionists , by Cézanne , Van Gogh , Gauguin , Matisse and Picasso .
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Morosow Collection
Ivan Morozov started collecting works by young Russian artists. From 1907 he devoted himself primarily to French art, which he acquired in Parisian galleries - such as Bernheim-Jeune , Durand-Ruel and Vollard - in order to furnish his city palace. He concentrated on Impressionism and Fauvism , acquired works by Henri Matisse and André Derain and the artist group Nabis . Its co-founder, Maurice Denis , decorated the music hall of his Moscow town house with the cycle History of the Psyche from 1907 , and Aristide Maillol created four bronze figures for the hall. Morozov owned the largest collection of French avant-garde works in Russia, including 18 paintings by Paul Cézanne .
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Shchukin Collection
In 1897, Shchukin bought his first Monet , the Rouen Cathedral . He was mainly interested in works of Impressionism , Post-Impressionism and Fauvism . At the beginning of his work as a collector - until around 1904 - Monet was the focus of his interest, followed by Paul Cézanne , Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin until 1910 . He developed a genuine interest in the avant-garde and acquired the most daring work of the 20th century. From 1910 to 1914, the works of André Derain , Henri Matisse , and Pablo Picasso shaped the expansion of his collection.
The works of art were originally intended for his private home in Moscow. However, he opened his house to the public a few years before the Russian Revolution . Young Russian artists in particular frequented his palace. Shchukin had a particularly close relationship with Henri Matisse, who furnished his Moscow house and created one of his most famous paintings, The Dance II , especially for him . This picture was also part of the museum's collection.
In addition to the Morozov and Shchukin collections, the museum also featured works from the following collections:
- of the art dealer and collector Dmitri P. Botkin (1829–1889),
- the entrepreneurial brothers Pawel M. Tretyakov (1832–1898) and Sergei M. Tretyakov (1834–1892), the former also namesake of the Tretyakov Gallery ,
- of the sugar manufacturer Pavel I. Kharitonenko (1853–1914),
- the painter and collector Ilya S. Ostroukhov (1858–1929),
- of the painter and philanthropist Nikolai P. Riabushinski (1877–1962) and
- of the art critic and exhibition organizer Sergei Makowski (1877–1962).
literature
- Nína Víktorovna Yavórskaya: К истории международных связей Государственного музея нового Гападдного— ГИв : .Ивиз39 / архискус22 Ива Их22: 19191939 / аран: 19 Ививаз39 музей изобраз. искусств им. А. С. Пушкина. Volume 2, page 475.
- Nína Víktorovna Yavórskaya: История Государственного музея нового западного искусства (по докусства (по докусства (по докусства) (по докумекинтам им5) in: 2.
- Nína Víktorovna Yavórskaya: История Государственного музея нового западного искусства. Москва. 1918-1948 , Pushkin Museum 2012, ISBN 978-5-903190-50-8
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- The State Museum of the Modern Western Art , accessed June 16, 2020, Museum History
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ The Calvert Journal : Irina Antonova steps down as head of Pushkin Museum , July 1, 2013
- ^ The Calvert Journal: Moscow State Museum of New Western Art to be resurrected online , May 22, 2013