Namiestnik

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Namiestnik (Polish for governor ) ( Polish namiestnik Królestwa Polskiego , Russian наместник Царства Польского ) was in the Russian-ruled congress Poland from 1815 to 1874 the governor or viceroy of the Russian emperor , who at that time bore the title of King of Poland . From 1874 to 1914, when the former Congress Poland was called Weichselland , the term Governor General of Warsaw (Polish Generał-gubernator warszawski ) was used for the governor of the Russian emperor .

history

The office of Namiestnik was introduced in Article 3 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland . The Polish viceroy was chosen by the Russian tsar from among representatives of the Russian or Polish nobility , excluding naturalized persons. The Namiestnik supervised the entire public administration , chaired the State Council of Congress Poland and had the right to veto its decisions . He was able to appoint most of the leaders in government (ministers, senators, chief judges, councilors of state, trainee lawyers , bishops and archbishops), but had no powers in financial and foreign policy. In the event of an inability to exercise office as a result of resignation or death, his tasks were performed as a temporary solution by the Chairman of the State Council.

After the January uprising in 1863, Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert von Berg became the last Namiestnik and held the office until his death in 1874. His successors were Governors General of Warsaw and the Warsaw Military District , but were still referred to as Namiestnik in internal correspondence of the Tsar's court . The governor general was directly subordinate to the tsar and had much greater powers than the namiestnik. He controlled the entire military in the region and was able to impose death sentences without trial .

Viceroys in Congress Poland

Governors General of Warsaw

See also

literature