Narisara Nuwattiwong

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Prince Naris

Prince Naris (pronunciation: [ narít ], full title: Prince Narisara Nuwattiwong , Thai สมเด็จพระเจ้า บรมวงศ์ เธอ เจ้าฟ้า จิตร เจริญ กรม พระยา นริศ นริศ รา นุ วัด ติ วงศ์ , RTGS Somdet Phrachao Borommawong Thoe Chao Fa Chitchiwaroen Krom Phraya Naritsara Nuwattong - pronunciation: [ náʔrítsàʔraː núʔwáttìʔwong ]; * April 28, 1863 in Bangkok ; † March 10, 1947 ibid) was a member of the royal family of Siam (today's Thailand), scholar, artist, minister and general .

Under his half-brother, King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), he was finance minister from 1892 to 1894 , and from 1894 to 1899 defense minister of Siam, which at that time was still an absolute monarchy. After the transition to the constitutional monarchy, he acted 1934-35 as regent for the sick King Prajadhipok (Rama VII.), His nephew.

Life

Prince Naris (around 1890)

Prince Naris was born on Tuesday, April 28, 1863 as the 62nd son of King Mongkut (Rama IV) , his mother was the royal wife Phannarai ( พระ สัมพันธวงศ์ เธอ พระองค์เจ้า พรรณราย ). At his birth he was called Prince Chitcharoen and was only a second prince (Phra-ongchao) . The name Narisara Nuwattiwong and the rank of "heavenly prince" (Chao Fa) was only given to him later by his father. He was a half-brother of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) . He was the founder of the "house of Chitrabhongse" ( ราชสกุล จิตร พงศ์ ) and had nine sons and daughters.

From 1883, King Chulalongkorn granted his half-brother Prince Naris the right to reside in the Wang Tha Phra (palace on the Buddha Landing Bridge) . Due to poor health, Naris built the Wang Plainoen (Plainoen Palace) in front of the city in the middle of rice fields in what is now the Khlong Toei district of Bangkok , which he then lived in until his death in March 1947.

In 1889 the King made him Minister for Public Works. From 1892 to 1894 he headed the Ministry of the Treasury (Phra Khlang) . When the traditional Kalahom Ministry was transformed into a modern Ministry of War as part of his brother Chulalongkorn's administrative reform in 1894 , Prince Naris became its first minister. From 1896 to 1899 he was also supreme commander of the Thai army , from 1898 to 1899 at the same time supreme commander of the navy . In 1899 he moved back to the Ministry of Public Works, which he headed until 1905.

When his nephew Prajadhipok (Rama VII) ascended the throne in 1925, he appointed Prince Naris to the High Council of State. After the end of the absolute monarchy, Prajadhipok initially temporarily suspended the crown for a few months in 1934/35. Prince Naris acted on his behalf as regent during this time . When Prajadhipok finally renounced the throne in 1935 and the only 9-year-old Ananda Mahidol (Naris' great-nephew) became king, the highly respected Naris refused to take over the position of regent again (for a foreseeable longer period).

Prince Naris is now referred to as the "father of the Thai arts". He was a talented architect, painter, sculptor, designer, composer and musician, he was an expert in Thai history and archeology. His artistic genius and his contributions to the development of the Thai arts led UNESCO in 1963 to appoint him a "Person of International Importance".

Since 2005, the Silpakorn University has organized a photo competition every year to promote creativity and innovation in the photographic arts . It is called "Prince Naris Day" in honor of the master artist and craftsman .

Works

literature

design

In the course of modernizing the Siamese administration from 1893 onwards, Naris designed numerous seals ( ลัญจกร , Lanchakon ) for the newly created ministries and authorities, some of which are still in use today. These include the Garuda seal of the Kingdom of Siam as such, the fabulous lion (Rajasiha) of the Ministry of the Interior, the Bird of Paradise (Paksa Wayuphak) of the Ministry of Finance and the seal of the Office of Fine Arts , which shows the god Ganesha . Most recently in 1947 he designed the seal of the Bangkok City Council (BMA), which is still used today, on which the Hindu god Indra is depicted with his mount, the mythological elephant Erawan .

  • Garuda seal of the Kingdom of Siam

  • Seal of the Ministry of the Interior

  • Seal of the Treasury

  • Seal of the Office for Fine Arts

  • Seal of the Bangkok City Council (BMA)

architecture

  • He designed the ubosot of Wat Benchamabophit and had it clad with Italian marble. Therefore this temple is also called "marble temple". In the design, Naris took up elements of traditional Thai, European and Chinese architecture.
  • Under his direction, the Mantat-Rattana-Rojana Palace, built there in 1868, was demolished on Ko Sichang and rebuilt as the Wimanmek Palace in King Chulalongkorn's new Dusit Palace . The palace building was inaugurated on March 27, 1901.
  • He had his palace ( Wang Tha Phra ) renovated by tearing down dilapidated buildings and building new ones in a European-Siamese style.
  • He designed the ubosot of Wat Rachathiwat , the temple where his father spent part of his monastic days. Under the direction of Prince Naris, the study hall (Sala Kan Parian) of the temple was also renovated.
  • He designed the “Thawon Watthu Building” at Sanam Luang , which was initially intended as a temporary building for the cremation of Crown Prince Chaofah Maha Wachirunnahit. King Vajiravudh (Rama VI.) Later set up the Bangkok City Library ("Hor Phra Samut Vajiravudh") in him. In 1977 it was listed as a "National Ancient Building" by the Thai Fine Arts Department .

sculpture

  • In 1909, when King Vajiravudh was still crown prince, he found fragments of a large Buddha statue in Si Satchanalai , only the head, hands and feet of which were intact. Prince Naris was commissioned to restore the statue. It was cast at Wat Pho in Bangkok in 1913 . On November 2, 1915, the statue in the northern chapel of the Phra Pathom Chedi was inaugurated under the name "Phra Ruang Rojanaridhi". Later, the remains of King Vajiravudh were interred in the base of this statue.
  • On the orders of King Prajadhipok (Rama VII) he designed the statue of King Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) , which today stands on the eastern bank of the Mae Nam Chao Phraya at the foot of the Phra Phutthayotfa Bridge .

literature

  • AB Griswold : King Mongkut Of Siam . The Asia Society, New York 1961, distributed by The Siam Society Bangkok, no ISBN
  • Prince Chula Chakrabongse of Thailand: Lords Of Life, The Paternal Monarchy Of Bangkok . Alvin Redman Ltd., London 1960, without ISBN
  • Mattani Mojdara Rutnin: Dance, Drama, and Theater in Thailand. The Process of Development and Modernization. Silkworm Books, 1996.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Naengnoi Suksri: Palaces of Bangkok: Royal Residences of the Chakri Dynasty . Thames & Hudson Ltd., London 1996, ISBN 978-0500974469
  2. ↑ Kobkua Suwannathat-Pian: Kings, Country and Constitutions. Thailand's Political Development, 1932-2000. Routledge Shorton, London / New York 2003, ISBN 0-7007-1473-1 , p. 74.
  3. ↑ Kobkua Suwannathat-Pian: Kings, Country and Constitutions. Thailand's Political Development, 1932-2000. Routledge Shorton, London / New York 2003, ISBN 0-7007-1473-1 , p. 245.
  4. ↑ a b Archived copy ( memento of the original dated June 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Announcement of the Silpakorn University for "Prince Naris Day" (in English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.photo.su.ac.th
  5. ↑ Information board of the BMA (Bangkok City Council) in front of the building
personal data
SURNAME Narisara Nuwattiwong
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Naris
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Siamese nobleman
DATE OF BIRTH April 28, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Bangkok
DATE OF DEATH March 10, 1947
Place of death Bangkok