Narkomfin Commune House
Coordinates: 55 ° 45 ′ 24.3 " N , 37 ° 34 ′ 51.9" E
The Narkomfin- Kommunehaus ( Russian Дом Наркомфина Dom Narkomfina ) is a building built between 1928 and 1930 by architects Moissei Ginsburg and Ignati Milinis on the Moscow Garden Ring and one of the most important of constructivism and modernism . The building is recommended by the ICOMOS with other buildings of constructivism as a world cultural heritage.
After decades of vacancy and severe damage from vandalism and age, the building has been restored since 2017, after having been on the World Monuments Fund's list of endangered cultural monuments several times .
history
prehistory
After the October Revolution, Russian architects, especially the Constructivists, called for the rationalization of construction and the emancipation of women from housework. It was also about the form of the new socialist way of life. The necessity of the complete socialization of the way of life was discussed as well as the typology of socialist cities .
In 1926 the OSA organized a collegial competition for a community building. The idea of the communal houses is based on the principle of collective kitchens, dining rooms, partly also public sanitary facilities, as well as kindergartens and laundries. On the basis of the submitted drafts, work was carried out on the rationalization of the apartments in the section for model buildings at Stroikom , which existed from 1928 . The section worked under the direction of Moissei Ginsburg. Elements of the various designs were adopted and different types of apartments were created from them. The apartment types, the suitability of which was carefully calculated and analyzed, were designated as types A, B, C, D, E and F, with type F being considered the optimal.
However, it was not a question of a complete implementation of the Commune House, because the apartments were not completely socialized, ie families lived together and there were also toilets and kitchens in the rooms. These types of apartments were called "transition types". The Narkomfin-Kommunehaus is such a house of the "transition type".
Planning and construction
The building was originally intended for the officials of the People's Commissariat for Finance ( Nar odnij Kom utet Fin antzow, hence the name). The People's Commissariat for Finance, which was under the direction of Nikolai Milyutin from 1924–29 , was also the client for the building. It is unclear whether Miljutins, who was not only head of the authorities, but also wrote a book on the theory of urban planning, was partially involved in the design. The building was designed by architects Moissei Ginsburg and Ignati Milinis, engineer Sergei Prokhorov from TECHBETON . The color design comes from the Bauhaus student Hinnerk Scheper .
Construction began in 1928 and ended in 1930.
History since 1930
In later times the apartments were partially rebuilt, an additional staircase was installed and the ground floor was bricked up. Most recently, up to 2017, the building suffered severe damage from vandalism and age.
In 2017, according to plans by the grandson of Mossei Ginsburg, Alexei Ginsburg, the renovation and reconstruction of the building, financed by Sberbank , began.
gallery
State 1930s (Photographer: Robert Byron)
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Condition 2017 (before restoration)
overall view
Residential wing
Community building
Residential wing. facade
reception
The British writer and photographer Robert Byron dedicated a number of photographs to the Narkomfin Commune House.
The Narkomfin Commune House inspired Le Corbusier for his design of the Unité d'Habitation and Mosche Safdie for his design of Habitat 67 . Constructivism received little attention in Stalinism, and Ginsburg himself designed buildings in the style of socialist classicism at this time .
Former Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov said at the opening of the Novinsky shopping arcade: “What a pleasure that such wonderful shopping centers are being built in our city, not such rubbish” while pointing to the Narkomfin Commune House.
Before the restoration, the Worlds Monument Fund had repeatedly put the Narkomfin-Kommunehaus on the list of endangered structures. In the opinion of ICOMOS, the Narkomfin-Kommunehaus and other Constructivist buildings should be put on the list of world cultural heritage , for which an application from Russia would have to be submitted.
literature
- Johannes Cramer , Anke Zalivako: The Narkomfin-Kommunehaus in Moscow 1928-2012 . Michael-Imhof-Verlag, Petersberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-86568-866-8 .
- Danilo Udovički-Selb (eds.): Moisej J. Ginzburg, Ignatij F. Milinis: Narkomfin, Moscow 1928–1930 . Wasmuth, 2016, ISBN 978-3-8030-0788-9 .
Web links
- Luciano Spinelli, Natalia Melikova, Inna Erosch, Stepa Dobrow: www.narkomfin.net - Internet project about residents and life in the few still inhabited apartments before the restoration (2013).
- Ross Wolfe: www.thecharnelhouse.org: Moisei Ginzburgs Constructivist Masterpiece Narkomfin during the 1930s - picture gallery with photographs of the building in the 1930s.
- www.theguardian.com: Moscow's Narkomfin Building: Soviet blueprint for collective living - a history of cities in 50 buildings, day 29 - report on the building and its condition before restoration (May 2015).
- https://strelka.com: Narkomfin Forever: House from the Past that Predicted the Future - report on construction start (June 2016).
- https://strelka.com: The Narkomfin Building Restauration Project - Report on the renovation project (2016).
- https://strelka.com: First Glimpse Into the Narkomfin Renovation - Report on the ongoing renovation and reconstruction (November 2017).
- https://architectsforsocialhousing.wordpress.com: Narkomfin: Regenerations, Appropriations, Betrayals - Critical classification of history and renovation project (December 2017).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Johannes Cramer, Anke Zalivako (ed.): Das Narkomfin-Kommunehaus 1928–2012 . Michael-Imhof-Verlag, Petersberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-86568-866-8 , p. 6th ff .
- ^ Narkomfin Building | World Monuments Fund. In: www.wmf.org. Retrieved December 7, 2015 .
- ↑ Selim O. Chan-Magamedow: Pioneers of Soviet Architecture . VEB Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1983, p. 389-390 .
- ↑ Selim O. Chan-Magamedow: Pioneers of Soviet Architecture . VEB Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1983, p. 389-390 .
- ↑ Press-release Article. Retrieved February 15, 2018 .
- ↑ Graham McKay, Victor Perunkov: Architecture Misfit # 17: Moisei Ginzburg. In: misfits_architecture. Retrieved January 10, 2016 .
- ↑ Johannes Cramer, Anke Zalivako (ed.): The Narkomfin-Kommunehaus in Moscow (1928-2012) . Berlin contributions to building research and monument preservation 11. Michael-Imhof-Verlag, Petersberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-86568-866-8 , p. 8 .
- ↑ Moisei Ginzburg's constructivist masterpiece: Narkomfin during the 1930s. In: The Charnel-House. Retrieved December 7, 2015 .
- ^ Narkomfin Building | World Monuments Fund. In: www.wmf.org. Retrieved December 7, 2015 .
- ↑ Johannes Cramer, Anke Zalivako (ed.): The Narkomfin-Kommunehaus in Moscow (1928-2012) . Berlin contributions to building research and monument preservation 11. Michael-Imhof-Verlag, Petersberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-86568-866-8 , p. 11 .