Panama Papers

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Panama Papers
- description
Timeframe 1977 to spring 2016
publication 3rd April 2016
Extent of the original data 2.6 terabytes, 11.5 million documents

214,488 mailbox companies

Key media Süddeutsche Zeitung
ICIJ
subjects Tax offense letter box company
Internet The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ)
Jürgen Mossack & Ramón Fonseca Jürgen Mossack & Ramón Fonseca
Jürgen Mossack & Ramón Fonseca

As Panama Papers [ Panama peɪpəʳz ] ( German  Panama papers ) are confidential documents of Panamanian offshore -Dienstleisters Mossack Fonseca called that due to a 2.6 terabyte large data leakage came on April 3, 2016, the public. According to the media involved, the documents prove legal strategies of tax avoidance , but also tax and money laundering offenses , the breach of UN sanctionsas well as other crimes committed by Mossack Fonseca's customers. The revelations have led to investigations against politicians and other celebrities in numerous countries and sparked public debates about tax loopholes, letterbox companies , tax havens , tax offenses and tax morality.

The documents are around 11.5 million e-mails, letters, faxes, certificates of incorporation, loan agreements, invoices and bank statements as PDF , text and image files from 1977 to 2016. An anonymous whistleblower first had them in 2015 leaked to German journalist Bastian Obermayer from the Süddeutsche Zeitung . The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) then coordinated the annual data evaluation and further research. On April 3, 2016, 109 newspapers, television stations and online media in 76 countries presented the first results simultaneously.

On May 9, 2016, the ICIJ put a database online containing the names and addresses of over 300,000 letterbox companies and trusts established with the help of Mossack Fonseca, as well as those of their intermediaries and those of several thousand shareholders. The original documents, however, were not published.

publication

background

The financial district in Panama City

The law firm Mossack Fonseca, headquartered in Panama City , was founded by Jürgen Mossack and the author and lawyer Ramón Fonseca Mora . With more than 500 employees and over 40 branches and partner offices in many countries, it is the fourth largest provider and administrator of offshore companies worldwide. Such so-called letterbox companies can serve both legal purposes, such as the anonymization of financial circumstances or tax avoidance, as well as illegal ones, such as tax evasion , money laundering or the evasion of sanctions.

According to the Panama Papers , Mossack Fonseca helped more than 14,000 clients set up 214,488 mailbox companies in 21 tax havens around the globe. Your clients can transfer assets and conduct financial transactions through these firms. You do not have to appear as their owner, as the law firm can provide its own employees as nominal directors or trustee administrators if requested . The clerks have a direct line to the authorities and the applications are sometimes sent by the dozen. Company relocations (redomiciliation), re-invoicing and the safekeeping of company books are easily possible, and the law firm Mossack Fonseca even offers a tariff for backdated contracts.

Mossack Fonseca itself closed forever in March 2018.

Contents of the documents that have become known

The Panama Papers contain the names of numerous celebrities from all over the world, such as those of 143 politicians, including former and current heads of state and government. Relatives and confidants of high-ranking politicians as well as a number of sports officials who are committed to transparency in their financial practices are also affected by the publication of the data.

The data also contain the names of drug smugglers, terrorists and companies that are on sanction lists. Arab oil companies are said to have sold kerosene through offshore companies to the Syrian government under Bashar al-Assad , which is the target of international sanctions due to the civil war in Syria .

According to an ICIJ analysis, more than 500 banks and their subsidiaries and branches have registered around 15,600 letterbox companies via Mossack Fonseca, the British HSBC and its affiliated companies 2300 alone. As far as is known, the following ten banks have the most offshore companies for their customers founded:

Offshore companies set up by banks for their customers
Seat Bank Number of
foundations
LuxembourgLuxembourg Luxembourg Experta Corporate & Trust Services (100 percent subsidiary of BIL ) 1,659
LuxembourgLuxembourg Luxembourg Banque J. Safra Sarasin - Luxembourg SA 963
guernseyguernsey guernsey Credit Suisse Channel Islands Limited 918
MonacoMonaco Monaco HSBC Private Bank (Monaco) SA 778
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland HSBC Private Bank (Suisse) SA 733
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland UBS AG (branch Rue du Rhône in Geneva) 579
jerseyjersey jersey Coutts & Co Trustees (Jersey) Limited 487
LuxembourgLuxembourg Luxembourg Société Générale Bank & Trust Luxembourg 465
LuxembourgLuxembourg Luxembourg Landsbanki Luxembourg SA 404
guernseyguernsey guernsey Rothschild Trust Guernsey Limited 378
SpainSpain Spain Banco Santander 119
SpainSpain Spain BBVA 19th

Primary data and their processing

Composition of published files
File type Number of
documents
Emails 4,804,618
Database formats 3,047,306
PDFs 2,154,264
photos 1,117,026
Text documents 329.166
Others 2,242

Before the anonymous whistleblower wrote to the Süddeutsche Zeitung under the pseudonym John Doe , he had already turned to several news agencies and WikiLeaks . The Süddeutsche Zeitung was the first institution to respond.

The Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ) does not want to publish the original documents or to make the raw data available to law enforcement authorities . This has been criticized variously, including by WikiLeaks . The SZ justifies its action by stating that it is not the extended arm of the public prosecutor's office or the tax investigation department and that the investigative authorities already have the opportunity to confiscate the documents from those affected if there is a suspicion. In addition, since the documents were illegally obtained, they may not be used in court in some states if the media involved made them accessible. However, documents that are found during an official house search at Mossack Fonseca are not subject to this restriction. A few documents appear to have been put online.

In order to make the documents searchable, the SZ uses the Nuix e-discovery software , which is also used by international investigative authorities.

Media involved

376 journalists from 76 countries were involved in researching the Panama Papers and preparing them for the public. You work u. a. for the following media:

Facts and consequences

Argentina

President Macri (2016)

Mauricio Macri , the Argentine President, is named in the Panama Papers as the director of Fleg Trading Ltd. and Kagemusha SA , which his father, the large entrepreneur Franco Macri, owned until 2009. He did not disclose this during his tenure as Mayor of Buenos Aires from December 2007 to 2015. It is unclear whether he was obliged to do so, as he did not hold any capital in the company. After a complaint by the MP Norman Darío Martínez of the opposition Frente para la Victoria , the public prosecutor Federico Delgado opened an investigation on April 7, 2016. The investigating judge is Sebastián Casanello.

China

Relatives of at least eight high-ranking members of the Chinese Communist Party who had a seat on the Politburo Standing Committee at the time of the Panama Papers' publication or previously were named in the documents. These include Deng Jiagui , the brother-in-law of state and party leader Xi Jinping, and the daughter of former Prime Minister Li Peng . State censorship in China ordered the country's news sites to ban any mention of the Panama Papers. The BBC and CNN were no longer available after the release and other foreign websites were also blocked.

Chile

The head of Transparency International Chile , Gonzalo Delaveau, submitted his resignation on April 4, 2016. Delaveau has been associated with at least five mailbox companies in the Panama Papers . The resignation was accepted by the board, as the organization announced via Twitter .

Denmark

Nordea in Copenhagen

Danish banks, especially Nordea with branches in Luxembourg , are major customers of Mossack Fonseca. The bank customers, in turn, are heterogeneous. Gardeners, interior designers and other small business owners also own letterbox companies in Panama. The largest Nordic bank has a few hundred offshore companies. The business with Mossack Fonseca should be settled and ended as soon as possible. An internal investigation was also announced. On September 7, 2016, it became known that the Danish authorities had acquired data from the Panama Papers from an anonymous source, which data should be used to investigate possible Danish tax evaders.

Germany

The clients of the law firm Mossack Fonseca also include several thousand Germans who have been mediated by at least 28 German banks. Such mediation through banks is common with offshore companies. Six of the seven major German credit institutions work together with the law firm. Until 2007, Mossack Fonseca supported Deutsche Bank customers in setting up more than 400 such companies. The Panama Papers name a total of more than 1200 letterbox companies that were founded with the help of German banks or are managed by them.

According to research by NDR, WDR and Süddeutscher Zeitung, the Hamburg private bank Berenberg has worked particularly closely with Mossack Fonseca through a Zurich subsidiary for many years . In e-mails to its customers, the law firm has repeatedly recommended the money house when it came to opening an account for a mailbox company quickly and efficiently. Berenberg's customers include money launderers for drug cartels and paramilitary groups in South America, the Ukrainian Kaalbye Group and its boss Igor Urbansky, who is suspected of being involved in arms deals, and an entrepreneur who is said to have shipped drugs and arms. A Siemens manager is said to have used a Berenberg account in the bribe money affair of his company (see above) to manage and distribute black money. Berenberg's customers also included the native Austrian Martin Lustgarten, whom the US judiciary accused of having laundered up to 100 million US dollars for drug cartels in Mexico and Colombia and for paramilitary groups through a network of mailbox companies. A criminal trial failed because other states did not cooperate. Back in 2013, two employees from Berenberg's compliance department warned the bank itself and the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bafin) about numerous risk accounts. According to their own statements, they were initially isolated and released a little later. On April 11, 2016, the Management Board and personally liable partner of Berenberg-Bank, Hans-Walter Peters , took up the office of President of the Federal Association of German Banks .

Following the publication of the Panama Papers, the industrial company Siemens filed a criminal complaint against unknown persons with the Munich public prosecutor's office . The company hopes to clear up further issues in connection with its own bribe scandal. In 2006 it became known that Siemens had a system of black cash registers through which around 1.3 billion euros in bribes were said to have flowed in order to obtain contracts abroad.

Bundesdruckerei, which was privatized in 2000, did business in Venezuela in 2007 with the "Billingsley Global Corporation" mailbox company founded by Mossack Fonseca . This was publicly discussed as early as 2009 when the federal government nationalized the printing company again. Federal Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble and his State Secretary Werner Gatzer are said to have refused contact with a whistleblower who had pointed out alleged bogus transactions and fraud in the area around Bundesdruckerei from 2012 .

The German private agent Werner Mauss , who was also used by the Federal Intelligence Service and the Federal Criminal Police Office , runs or managed a dozen mailbox companies through the law firm Mossack Fonseca. Mauss denied the allegation of tax evasion to the investigating public prosecutor in Bochum .

Mercedes-Benz secured the services of Nico Rosberg through the letterbox company "Ambitious Group Limited" in the British Virgin Islands. This in turn is owned by two companies on the Channel Island of Jersey and managed by Mossack Fonseca. The Daimler guidelines for conduct with integrity , on the other hand, require entrepreneurial action based on ethical principles, business conduct with integrity, as well as transparency and a sense of responsibility. Because of the contradiction to these strict compliance guidelines, the Rosberg case from the Panama Papers was published.

Well-known politicians from Germany have so far (as of May 5, 2016) not been associated with the Panama Papers. The only exception is the former North Rhine-Westphalian finance minister Helmut Linssen , who had resigned in 2014 when his offshore company became public.

On June 22, 2018, it became known that a dozen active or former German honorary consuls were involved in unauthorized offshore transactions. One of the honorary consuls concerned maintained contacts with the tax firm Mossack Fonseca and set up mailbox companies in the Bahamas.

Investigations by the police and tax authorities

Since the beginning of August 2017, an investigation group from the Kassel II tax office has been evaluating the data for German payments. The group works together with the tax administrations of several federal states and the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA). Around 3.2 terabytes and around 49 million files from around 271,000 companies worldwide had to be checked. The data cover the period from the late 1970s to 2017.

By 2019, 1522 German and foreign companies had been identified and more than 257,000 documents were passed on to domestic authorities and 32,000 to international financial authorities via offshore companies. Around 4.2 million euros in additional tax income had been collected by then. Hesse Finance Minister Thomas Schäfer reported that criminal tax proceedings were initiated in around 150 cases .

Reactions

Former Federal Minister of Finance Peer Steinbrück described the withholding tax he introduced on investment income of just 25 percent as a mistake. He advocates subjecting capital income to normal income tax again in future. He hoped that the publication of the Panama Papers would increase the pressure on politicians to take action against tax fraud, as nine out of ten letterbox companies were used for deliberate tax fraud. The damage caused by tax shortfalls in the defrauded federal states amounts to approximately 200 billion dollars per year. Steinbrück advocates a reversal of the burden of proof for anonymous letterbox companies: "The tax office does not have to prove to the beneficial owner that what he is doing is illegal." For German banks, he proposed a reporting obligation: "Contacting and brokering business relationships with letterbox companies would have to be Designation of horse and rider are reported. "

The FDP politician Wolfgang Kubicki stated that there are “always good reasons to remain anonymous”. Crimes have to be prosecuted, but the instrument of the letter box companies is needed. Gregor Gysi , a politician on the left , said, however, that investing money in letterbox companies should be prohibited and that tax liability should be linked to citizenship .

The former finance minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, Norbert Walter-Borjans , expected more voluntary reports from tax evaders as a result of reporting on the Panama Papers. Thomas Eigenhaler, Federal Chairman of the German Tax Union confirmed: “Everyone knows that there is a certain probability that the data available to the media will end up with the authorities. That is why further voluntary reports are to be expected - and these will tend to be bigger fish. "

One month after the revelations, the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) announced a closer inspection of the investigations against banks over the scandal surrounding the Panama Papers. The agency's executive director, Raimund Röseler, announced that BaFin would request all of the original documents for the respective transactions from the German institutions involved. You want to have the originals in-house and not just rely on auditors. In the case of the Panama Papers, the more precise control affects nine banks: Commerzbank , Deutsche Bank, HypoVereinsbank , Berenberg, Sal.Oppenheim , BHF-Bank , HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt , BayernLB , Landesbank Baden-Württemberg , HSH Nordbank , DZ Bank and Germany - Daughters of UBS and Credit Suisse. Although the names of a total of 13 German banks appeared in the Panama Papers, not all of them have confirmed these allegations to BaFin. The confessing banks were asked by BaFin to compare the names of 200,000 people and companies that appear in the Panama Papers with their customer lists.

El Salvador

On April 7, employees of the Mossack Fonseca branch in the capital San Salvador unscrewed their company sign and left the offices, whereupon the authorities decided to raid. Office manager Ruben Alonso Ventura was outside the country. Attorney General Douglas Melendez then stated in a press release that 20 computers and documents had been confiscated. Seven employees were interviewed but not arrested. He called on all law firms in El Salvador that cooperate with Mossack Fonseca to report to the public prosecutor.

European Union

In September 2016, the European Parliament set up a 65-member committee of inquiry into the revelations with a one-year mandate. The German EPP MP Werner Langen is chairing the meeting, and the Danish S&D MP Jeppe Kofod and the Czech ALDE MP Petr Ježek are co-rapporteurs . On September 27, 2016, Frederik Obermaier from the Süddeutsche Zeitung and Kristof Clerix from the Belgian news magazine Knack were heard on the investigative committee.

When comparing the two datasets of the Panama Papers with a list of 40,000 people and companies from the EU environment (EU commissioners, MEPs, high-ranking EU officials, officials who decide on expenditure, EU contractors and EU recipients Funding), a total of 17 people and companies in this group were identified. The European Anti-Fraud Office has so far (as of June 2017) opened six investigation procedures. Further proceedings could follow. With the exception of Neelie Kroes , former EU Commissioner for the Digital Agenda, the names of the people under investigation are not public. The wife of EU Energy Commissioner Miguel Arias Cañete is known to appear in the Panama Papers.

France

The daily Le Monde reports that the major bank Société Générale founded 979 companies with the help of Mossack Fonseca , making it one of the firm's most important business partners. However, these offshore transactions are not mentioned in any bank publication - "in no company communication, no annual report". At a hearing by the Senate in 2012, its board member, Frédéric Oudéa , stated that his bank was not doing any business of this kind in Panama or other tax havens. Immediately after the Panama Papers affair became known, the public prosecutor's office announced that it would initiate investigations into possible tax evaders on the basis of the published documents. Financial investigators then searched the premises of Société Générale in Paris.

Le Monde brought the right-wing extremist Front National (FN) and its chairman Marine Le Pen into a connection with the Panama Papers and reported on a “nifty, sophisticated offshore system” that served to illegally finance election campaigns. Businessmen close to the FN are said to have used front companies in Hong Kong, Singapore and the British Virgin Islands in the last presidential election to transfer EUR 316,000 to the party's accounts. The purpose of these transactions was to circumvent French money laundering laws. FN representatives reject the allegations as a campaign directed against their party.

Iceland

Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson (2014)

The Panama Papers revealed that Prime Minister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson was co-owner of the letterbox company Wintris Inc. from 2007 to 2009 , which was one of the creditors of the bankrupt financial institutions Landsbanki and Kaupthing Bank during the financial crisis in Iceland . As a result, tens of thousands demonstrated in front of Parliament in Reykjavík for two days, demanding that the head of government resign. On April 6, 2016, Sigmundur Davíð resigned. The previous Minister of Agriculture, Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson, was sworn in as the new Prime Minister .

There were (as of May 2, 2016) five further resignations, including the director of the Progressive Party. Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson , President of Iceland since 1996 , announced on April 18, 2016 that he would be available for a sixth term. Shortly afterwards it became known that Ólafur Ragnar's wife was using offshore constructs, whereupon he declared on May 9, 2016 that he would not run for re-election.

Luxembourg

Jean-Claude Juncker , former Finance Minister and Prime Minister of Luxembourg and then President of the EU Commission is mentioned in the Panama Papers. Under his presidency, the country is said to have set up a system for systematic tax avoidance to the detriment of all other European countries. His government is said to have blocked and then weakened a legislative proposal on financial data exchange, which should bring more transparency to transactions. At the end of May 2017, Juncker was questioned by a committee of inquiry of the European Parliament about the mailbox affair in Panama (Panama Papers).

Malta

The Maltese Minister of Health and Energy Konrad Mizzi is named in the Panama Papers as the only member of the government of an EU country . In 2013, four months after taking office, he founded several bogus companies with the help of Mossack Fonseca, of which he and his wife are the beneficiaries . Opposition leader Simon Busuttil called for the entire government to resign due to Social Democratic Prime Minister Joseph Muscat's refusal to dismiss Mizzi . Further allegations of corruption were later also raised against Muscat himself and his chief of staff, Kenneth Schembri.

Mizzis, Schembris and Muscat's involvement in the affair was first exposed by journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia . Without being a member of the international research team or having access to the leaked papers, she researched within Malta. In the spring of 2017, she published on her blog that Michelle Muscat, the Prime Minister's wife, also owned an offshore company in Panama. This forced the prime minister to call early elections, which his party won again on June 3rd. On October 16, 2017, Daphne Caruana Galizia was killed by a car bomb.

Monaco

Amedeo Modigliani: Seated Man (propped up on a stick) , 1918

The Panama Papers suggest that mailbox companies are also used to disguise possession of Nazi-looted art . According to the Panama Papers, the offshore company "International Art Center" (IAC) was the billionaire Monaco- based art investor David Nahmad . He is the patriarch of a ramified merchant dynasty whose family owns galleries in New York and London. Contrary to previous claims, he is in possession of the Modigliani painting “Homme assis appuyé sur une canne” from 1918, which is the subject of an old legal dispute.

The painting was the property of the Jewish art dealer Oscar Stettiner, from whom it was stolen during the Nazi regime and foreclosed shortly before the liberation of Paris . He tried to get it back in 1946, but died in 1948. The painting did not reappear until 1996 at an auction at Christie's auction house in London, where the IAC bought it. The heir to the picture tried in vain to get it back and had to sue in New York for restitution of looted art from the picture, which has now been valued at up to 25 million dollars. David Nahmad was able to decide two return processes for himself, he could still claim not to own the picture, court documents were only ever signed by the mock directors of Mossack Fonseca. Most recently, in September 2015, a judge in New York ruled that the trial could not be continued because the relevant documents could not be delivered to the IAC. On April 12, 2016, the Geneva public prosecutor's office seized the Modigliani painting in the free port of Geneva , where it had been stored for years. The world's largest and oldest free port alone has 1.2 million works of art and three million bottles of wine. The games of hide-and-seek with anonymous mailbox companies that are common in the art world not only harm the heirs of dispossessed Jews during the Nazi era. They also facilitate global trade in illegal cultural goods, such as the looting of ancient treasures, museum thefts, robbery excavations , forgeries and incorrect attributions. The origin is concealed beyond recognition and objects remain in free ports until they appear tradable again.

Netherlands

On April 6, 2016, the newspaper Het Financieele Dagblad reported that the name of Bert Meerstadt , a member of the board of directors of ABN Amro , nationalized since the financial crisis of 2008 , appeared in the Panama Papers. According to this, documents from 2001 identify him as a founding partner of the mailbox company Morclan Corporation , which was initially registered in the British Virgin Islands and later in Guernsey . On April 7, 2016, Meerstadt resigned from his position on the Supervisory Board.

Austria

According to the weekly magazine Falter , which is one of the media researching the Panama Papers, many medium-sized companies in the country can be found in the data from Mossack Fonseca. In addition, Viennese banks helped Eastern European politicians and oligarchs in particular to use funds outsourced to offshore companies. The Raiffeisen banking group and Hypo Vorarlberg Bank , 76 percent of which are owned by the state of Vorarlberg , are mentioned in particular . After a meeting of the State Parliament's control committee on April 7, 2016, Hypo Vorarlberg announced that CEO Michael Grahammer is leaving the company.

Pakistan

On July 28, 2017, the Pakistani Supreme Court dismissed Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif on charges of corruption related to the Panama Papers. In 2016 it became known that three of his children had founded offshore companies through Mossack Fonseca. On April 20, 2017, the Pakistani Supreme Court initially ruled that there was insufficient evidence to convict. A special team of investigators was therefore set up and presented its results on July 10, 2017. His report found that Sharif's children had provided conflicting information. In addition, Maryam Safdar , the daughter of Nawaz Sharif, presented forged documents to the court. In addition to the allegation of money laundering, there was now also the forgery of documents. Since Nawaz Sharif himself had given incorrect and incomplete information about his financial situation, he was removed from office.

Panama

In April 2016, the government set up a seven-person commission of experts for the financial sector, four of which are from Panama. According to President Juan Carlos Varela, it should "[...] review existing practices and propose measures [...] to improve the transparency of the financial and legal systems" by autumn of that year . "At the beginning of August 2016, the head of the committee, Nobel Prize winner Joseph, left Stiglitz , and the Swiss anti-corruption expert Mark Pieth, the commission in protest against alleged attempts by the government to restrict their work. Among other things, it is not prepared to guarantee the publication of the final report regardless of the result. According to Pieth, the commission found evidence of crimes, such as money laundering through child prostitution rings .

Ramón Fonseca, co-founder of the law firm Mossack Fonseca, was until recently adviser to the president and vice-chairman of the ruling Partido Panameñista . For its part, the law firm took legal action against the publication of the documents. Fonseca asserted that his company never broke the law and denied that the data was passed on through in-house whistleblowers . Rather, he sees his company as a victim of a hacker attack from foreign servers .

On February 10, 2017, Ramón Fonseca and Jürgen Mossack were arrested. You are said to have been involved in a Brazilian corruption network around the construction company Odebrecht through your law firm . Attorney General Kenya Porcell made serious allegations against Mossack Fonseca: "The firm is apparently a criminal organization that hides assets and funds of dubious origin".

Russia

The Panama Papers show that close confidants of Russian President Vladimir Putin apparently smuggled more than two billion dollars through mailbox companies under conspiratorial circumstances, and in the process carried hundreds of millions of dollars out of the country. The key figure is the musician Sergei Roldugin , who has published several relevant documents.

In the run-up to the publications, Dmitri Peskow , the press spokesman for President Vladimir Putin , had classified the upcoming revelations as an "international media attack" on the Kremlin's own news portal Sputnik News : Attempts were being made to "hit Putin's family with information". In addition, his "childhood friends would be mentioned - entrepreneurs like Yuri Kovalchuk , Arkady Rotenberg , Boris Rotenberg and others." In addition, Peskow claimed that many of the ICIJ journalists involved in the research were former employees of the US State Department, the CIA and other secret services.

According to Swiss Radio and Television (SRF) and the Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ) reports on the Panama Papers in Russia are downplayed and censored by domestic media. The weekly newspaper Die Zeit writes that most Russians do not learn anything about the revelations and allegations against their head of state. The television is silent on the subject.

Vladimir Putin made his first statement on the affair on April 7, 2016. He too sees the Panama Papers as an attempt to create strife in Russia from outside. The journalists had achieved nothing, but only found his friends and acquaintances, but they could not be blamed for anything. Since his name does not appear in the documents, there is no need for discussion from his point of view. Again on April 14th, Putin took a position as part of his annual public consultation and denied any involvement in business that are documented in the Panama Papers.

On April 14, 2016, Putin confirmed in a question broadcast on Russian state television that the facts set out in the papers about his acquaintance Sergei Roldugin were correct. However, there was no wrongdoing on the part of the musician, because a considerable sum of the aforementioned two billion dollars was used to purchase historical musical instruments that Roldugin wanted to donate to the state.

In the same broadcast, Putin claimed that the Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ) belongs to the US financial services company Goldman Sachs : “I asked my spokesman where the documents were first published. [The] Süddeutsche Zeitung [is] part of a media holding company, which in turn belongs to the American company Goldman Sachs. The ears are poking out everywhere, but they don't even turn red. ”The following day, the Kremlin spokesman apologized to the SZ and called his statement a mistake, as he had given the allegation to the president without checking.

There have been no criminal proceedings in Russia for three years since the papers came out. Roman Shleynov, the regional director of the international journalists' organization OCCRP , called this a "political, not procedural" problem, contrary to the position justified by the public prosecutor's office with "procedural problems". Despite all the open questions, there is simply a lack of political will.

Switzerland

The Federal Office of Police in Switzerland raided on 6 April 2016, the headquarters of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) in Nyon . Previously, through the Panama Papers, it had become known that there were contracts between UEFA and the mailbox company Cross Trading of the sports rights dealers Hugo and Mariano Jinkis. The contracts were signed by former UEFA treasurer and current FIFA president Gianni Infantino . The Federal Prosecutor's Office is investigating the "suspicion of unfaithful business management and possibly embezzlement" in criminal proceedings against unknown persons.

The Geneva attorney general has announced, without giving details, that he will initiate proceedings regarding the Panama Papers.

Spain

The widow of the entrepreneur Thyssen-Bornemisza , Carmen Cervera , uses a company registered in the South Pacific Cook Islands to buy works of art worth millions through auction houses such as Sotheby’s and Christie’s . Her lawyer confirmed the arrangement at the request of the ICIJ: The baroness would have "maximum flexibility" in the global art transport.

The Spanish Minister for Industry, José Manuel Soria , resigned on April 15, 2016 with immediate effect because of the revelations about himself. He wanted to avert damage to the executive government and not make the formation of a new coalition even more difficult. He is accused of having connections to offshore companies.

Uruguay

Juan Pedro Damiani (2011)

The law firm of Juan Pedro Damiani , a co-founder of the FIFA Ethics Committee, is one of Mossack Fonseca's largest clients, according to the Panama Papers. It manages around 400 mailbox companies that were founded with the help of the Panamanian company, including three offshore companies called Cross Trading in Niue , the Seychelles and the US state of Nevada . According to the Panama Papers, the owners of the companies managed by Damiani's law firm include the former FIFA Vice-President Eugenio Figueredo and the two Argentinian sports marketers Hugo and Mariano Jinkis. You are the main culprit in the US FIFA investigation. On April 6, 2016, Damiani announced his resignation from the FIFA Ethics Committee.

Czech Republic

The Czech Center for Investigative Journalism claims that there are 283 names of Czech citizens in 250,000 documents in the Panama Papers. Their mailbox companies are mainly located in the Seychelles, followed by the Virgin Islands, the Bahamas , Panama and Samoa . The Czech Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka commented positively on the revelations: "The Panama Papers once again make it clear how much the carousel of offshore companies and tax havens is a mockery of all people who work honestly and pay taxes".

United States

McClatchy newspaper group reporters found copies of at least 200 U.S. passports in the Panama Papers database, and 3,500 offshore company shareholders have U.S. residential addresses. Almost 3,100 companies in tax havens have traces of attorneys and financial experts in Miami, New York and other US cities. At least four US citizens for whom Mossack Fonseca founded letterbox companies have already been convicted or charged with serious financial crime by the US judiciary . This comparatively low number is explained by the fact that the US states Nevada , Delaware , South Dakota and Wyoming are themselves tax havens. Mossack Fonseca also has branches in Reno , Nevada and Wyoming. In addition, there are some English-speaking tax havens such as the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas in the vicinity of the USA .

While the presidential candidate Hillary Clinton initially condemned the hidden financial transactions that came to light through the Panama Papers as “outrageous tax havens and backdoors for the benefit of the super-rich worldwide”, the affair reached her on April 16, 2016 through an evaluation of the Panama Papers by the McClatchy newspaper group. This showed that various companions, financiers and employees of Hillary and Bill Clinton maintain mailbox companies via Mossack Fonseca, sometimes for decades.

Gabrielle Fialkoff, Hillary Clinton's team's chief financial officer in 2000, was in the election for New York State Senator. Fialkoff, together with her brother and late father, is registered as a shareholder in the offshore company "UPAC Holdings Limited", which was founded in June 2012 in the British Virgin Islands.

The Clinton financiers include the Canadian mining billionaire Frank Giustra , who in May 2005 registered "UrAsia Energy Limited" in the British Virgin Islands as a client of Mossack Fonseca. The company acquired uranium mining rights in Kazakhstan in 2005 for $ 500 million. Before the deal was closed, Bill Clinton and Giustra had flown to Almaty in a private jet , where they both dined with Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev . A year later, Giustra donated $ 30 million to the Clinton Foundation. The uranium deposits were abundant, with Guistra donating a total of around $ 100 million to the foundation.

Another well-known Clinton confidante who appears in the Panama Papers is Marc Rich , who fled to Switzerland from the US authorities in 1983. Despite sanctions, Rich had done arms deals with Iran and oil deals with the apartheid regime in South Africa through "Industrial Petroleum Limited" founded in 1992 by Mossack Fonseca in the Bahamas. The company was deactivated in 2001 by the Swiss company " Glencore International". His wife, Denise Rich , donated $ 450,000 to Clinton's presidential library in his hometown of Little Rock - just before Bill Clinton, in one of his final acts, decided to pardon Marc Rich. The Russian investor Sergei Kurzin can also be found in the papers, as a director of several oil companies and partner of Giustra at "UrAsia Energy Limited". He also worked with Marc Rich in the former Soviet Union area. Kurzin donated at least $ 50,000 to the Clinton Foundation. In a 2009 Forbes interview, he boasted of a donation of over $ 1 million.

At the beginning of May 2016, US President Barack Obama announced that he would adopt a series of new measures to increase transparency by means of an Executive Order .

United Kingdom

The then British Prime Minister David Cameron advocated in 2013 that investment companies should be treated differently than other companies with regard to money laundering regulations. The Panama Papers reveals that his late father, Ian Donald Cameron, was director of the letterbox company Blairmore Investment Trust for 30 years , the purpose of which was to avoid paying UK taxes. David Cameron stated that he and his wife owned shares worth £ 30,000 (approx. 37,000 euros) in this trust. However, he sold them in 2010, before he became Prime Minister, and paid tax on the proceeds. The Labor opposition called for his resignation and the British Conservative press also criticized Cameron's statements about his involvement in the letterbox company. A petition to the British Parliament to hold new elections in 2016 now has over 120,000 signatures (as of April 2016) and must therefore be answered by the government as well as proposed for the parliamentary debate. At the end of 2016, a total of 43 wealthy people were examined. Investigations were started against 22 of them and connections to eight ongoing investigations were made. In addition, nine people who professionally accompanied tax avoidance were examined.

More reactions

The publicist and former British ambassador Craig Murray accuses the ICIJ network of selective, one-sided journalism with a western agenda, pointing out that it is fully funded and organized by the US Center for Public Integrity . There are u. a. Financiers like Ford Foundation , Carnegie Endowment , Rockefeller Family Fund, WK Kellogg Foundation and Open Society Foundations of US investor George Soros - the elite of US capitalism - can be found. Murray puts forward the thesis that the journalists in the ICIJ network were blind to the western eye because they excluded the “dirty secrets of western capitalism” from their searches: “The mass media - in Great Britain the Guardian and the BBC - have exclusive ones Access to the records that neither you nor I are allowed to see. They even protect themselves from glancing at sensitive data on Western corporations by only examining records selected through specific search filters, such as violating UN sanctions. "Murray describes it as a mistake that the primary data was given to Western media companies and not the WikiLeaks disclosure platform . This would have made the data - adjusted - publicly available on the Internet.

Shortly after the revelations, the Guardian published an anonymous interview with the person who originally leaked the data to the Süddeutsche Zeitung . She cited Edward Snowden as a role model and made reference to prosecuting revelers like Antoine Deltour . She agreed to cooperate with law enforcement as much as possible.

300 renowned economists from 30 countries called for the abolition of tax havens, as they did not serve any useful economic purpose and made no contribution to general global prosperity. In the run-up to the London anti-corruption summit, they wrote a letter to the heads of state of the leading economies and criticized their reluctance to take action against tax havens, as the concessions only served the rich and widened income gaps. The rule of law is undermined by the fact that a different tax law applies to large corporations and the rich than to most ordinary taxpayers . The researchers referred specifically to revelations in the Panama Papers to underline their point that there was no economic justification for tax havens and their secrecy. The letter was intended to put pressure on the participants in the British government-initiated conference. London is predestined to lead by example, as Great Britain exercises control over around a third of all tax havens - with this they addressed the British overseas territories such as the Virgin Islands and crown possessions such as Guernsey and Jersey directly. The rhetoric of politics does not correspond to the deeds, because Great Britain does not require from the overseas territories and crown possessions that the company registers available to the authorities are also publicly available. It has also been criticized that a self-declaration without verification would thwart public registers. Revelations such as the Panama Papers showed that the anonymity of tax havens promotes corruption and has the consequence that too little tax revenues can be collected. In principle, all states are affected by this, but the poorest regions of the world would suffer most. Economists put the global tax volume lost through such practices at 150 billion euros ($ 170 billion) annually. The letter mentioned two measures to combat abuse of letterbox companies: corporations should be obliged on a global level to publicly break down where they pay how much taxes, and public registers should show the economic beneficiaries of each company.

Critical Journalism Award

For their role in the publication of the Panama Papers, Frederik Obermaier and Bastian Obermayer (both Süddeutsche Zeitung ) received the Otto Brenner Prize 2016 for critical journalism in October 2016 .

In April 2017, the ICIJ received the Pulitzer Prize for Background Reporting . As the prestigious award is only given to US journalists, the laudator Mike Pride honored all media and journalists from around the world when it was presented.

Movies

In 2016, ARD published the documentary Panama Papers: In the Shadow Realm of Offshore Firms at the same time as the other international media . This film won the German television award in the category "Best Information" in 2017.

The feature film The Money Laundering was released in 2019, directed by Steven Soderbergh . Here the events around Jürgen Mossack and Ramón Fonseca are presented.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Panama Papers  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

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