George Soros

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George Soros, 2018

George Soros (born György Schwartz ; born August 12, 1930 in Budapest ) is an American philanthropist and investor of Hungarian origin and manager of many funds, including the Quantum Fund . With his fortune, Soros supports civil rights organizations , educational institutions and political activists, among others .

Life

youth

He was born in Budapest as the son of the Esperanto writer Tivadar Soros . From 1936 he carried the Magyarized name György Soros [ ˈɟørɟ ˈʃoroʃ ] (previously Schwartz). Despite his family's Jewish origins, Soros survived the occupation of Hungary by Nazi Germany and the Battle of Budapest . His father had hidden himself and his son for months, including in the summer house of the dancer Elza Brandeisz in Balatonalmádi ; His father wrote a book about it in Esperanto, “Maskerado ĉirkaŭ la morto”, which was also published in English. Esperantists came and went in his parents' house; this is how George Soros learned Esperanto. Soros took part in the Esperanto World Congress in Bern with his father . From there he traveled on to the Esperanto World Youth Congress in Ipswich in England ; after the congress he emigrated to England.

Soros studied at the London School of Economics . While he was a student of the philosopher Karl Popper , Soros worked as a railroad carrier and waiter and received a one-time £ 40 from a Quaker charity . Popper's ideas about an open society strongly influenced Soros. In 1951 he obtained a Bachelor of Science , in 1954 he completed his studies with a Master of Science .

Career

In 1954, Soros began his financial career at the Singer & Friedlander commercial bank in London. He worked as an employee and later switched to the arbitrage department. One employee, Robert Mayer, suggested that he apply to his father's real estate agency, FM Mayer , in New York.

In 1956 he moved to New York and in 1968 took over an investment fund ( hedge fund ) in Curaçao . His later Quantum Funds , which he founded together with Jim Rogers , are also based in offshore financial centers such as the Netherlands Antilles and the Virgin Islands .

In 1988, Soros made around 2.2 million US dollars in speculative profits by buying and selling blocks of shares in the major French bank Société Générale . The transaction did not cause a stir at first. In 2006 a French court found him guilty of profiting from confidential information in the last resort and fined his alleged profit for insider trading . His complaint to the European Court of Human Rights , filed in December 2006, failed in October 2011.

His net worth is estimated at $ 24.9 billion in Forbes Magazine's 2016 Billionaires List . This puts him in 23rd place.

Speculative business as predictions

In the public Soros discusses' Theses wide. Among other things, Soros became known on September 16, 1992, “ Black Wednesday ”, when he traded massively against this currency, convinced that the pound sterling was overvalued . To do this, he exchanged borrowed pounds into other European currencies, mainly German marks and French francs .

In June 1993 Soros speculated against the Deutsche Mark. Soros announced his intention to sell large quantities of Federal Republic of Germany securities in favor of French securities. In an interview he demanded: "Down with the D-Mark!"

Soros puts his open speculations in a political context. He explains that the existing framework conditions for speculative transactions endanger healthy economic development in many underdeveloped countries. During the Asian crisis (1997/98) Soros was blamed for the financial crisis by the then Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad . He protested against the allegations (for example in his book The era of the wrong decisions ). After a personal conversation between the two, Mahathir withdrew his allegations in 2006.

In view of the looming financial crisis , which he saw early on as a harbinger of a recession in the United States , he returned to the speculative business in 2007 and achieved a return of 32 percent with his Quantum Endowment Fund in the same year , which gave him $ 2.9 billion. Brought in dollars.

In 2008, Soros was the highest-paid hedge fund manager with an income of $ 1.1 billion. In the twelve months ending July 2009, total assets under management by his investment firm Soros Fund Management increased 40 percent to $ 24 billion.

He sees his "theory of reflexivity", which he describes in his book Alchemy of Finance (1988), as the basis for his success on the stock market . This theory describes the development of a discrepancy between perceived and actual reality and refers to Karl Popper (1902–1994), one of his former professors.

Private life

In 1960, Soros married Annaliesa Witschak , who was four years his junior and with whom he had two sons (* 1963, * 1970) and a daughter (* 1965). In 1983 the marriage was divorced.

In the same year he married the German-Jewish American Susan Weber, who was 24 years his junior . Two sons (* 1985, * 1989) come from the marriage, which divorced in 2005.

In 2013 he married Tamiko Bolton, who was 42 years his junior .

Soros has several residences: in Southampton ( Hamptons , Long Island ) he has a feudal estate and also in Bedford ( Westchester County ).

Honors

Philanthropic and political engagement

George Soros (left) and James H. Billington (2001)

Soros has appeared as a philanthropist since the 1970s . As the founder, sponsor and chairman of the Open Society Foundations , which he established in 1993, and the Soros Foundation , Soros helped black South African students attend the University of Cape Town and provided financial support to the Central European University . When laws were passed in the United States in 1996 that curtailed state welfare, but also legal aid, especially for immigrants, Soros set up a fund of US $ 50 million over the next few years to help this population group. In promoting the idea of ​​the “ open society ”, Soros refers to a concept by Karl Popper . In 2007, Time estimated the total amount of his donations at US $ 6 billion.

For many years, Soros had tried not to influence US politics. Under President George W. Bush , however, he made it his declared aim to prevent his re-election. To this end, he donated a total of $ 23.5 million to left-wing movements and groups like MoveOn.org . During the hot phase of the 2004 presidential election campaign , he made public speeches against Bush; in them he stated that while the war in Afghanistan was justified, the war in Iraq was a catastrophic failure. In 2008 he summed up in an interview that " war on terror " was a misleading term and that it was responsible for an unprecedented decline in political influence and military power in the USA.

He played an important role in the political processes in Eastern Europe that led to the collapse of the Eastern Bloc in 1989/91 and, according to his own words, was "actively involved in the revolution that swept away the Soviet system". Born in Hungary, he has been supporting Eastern European dissidents with three million US dollars a year since 1979, including the Solidarność trade union in Poland, the Charter 77 civil rights movement in Czechoslovakia and the dissident Andrei Sakharov in the Soviet Union. In 2003 he was accused by the journalist Neil Clark in an article for the British weekly newspaper New Statesman of destabilizing the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the 1990s with his support for the broadcaster B92 and other opposition groups in Serbia, also out of his own business interests. Clark called Soros the "uncrowned king of Eastern Europe". On the other hand, in 1997 Forbes Magazine accused him of promoting old communists to retain power. The support of the Chechens by Soros in 1995 was registered with incomprehension in Russia. In 1998 Soros was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 2009 to the American Philosophical Society .

Soros finances the non-governmental organization Reporters Without Borders through the Soros Foundation and the International Network of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) through the Open Society Foundations .

As one of his preferred projects in 2006, he describes the initiative of several non-governmental organizations to overcome the resource curse by disclosing license fees, taxes and income. He also advocates the use of the Special Drawing Rights of the International Monetary Fund to finance development, an idea taken up by the Global Marshall Plan Initiative .

In April 2007, Soros was critical of the pervasive influence of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) on US foreign policy and explained the government's close ties in an article for the New York Review of Books Bush and Israel are obstacles to a peace deal between Israel and the Palestinians.

Soros believes that the deregulation of financial markets, due to their potential instability, was a mistake that sparked the 2007 financial crisis . Responsible for this measure was a “ market fundamentalist ” ideology that had become a dominant force since Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher . This ignores the fact that "financial markets do not strive for equilibrium" and is based on a similar error of thinking as Marxism . A “ super bubble ” had built up over a quarter of a century and it is now bursting, he said in spring 2008.

In October 2009, Soros announced at a conference in Copenhagen that it would invest one billion US dollars in renewable energies . He also set up a research network called the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI). This will examine the effects of previous climate protection measures and will be supported by Soros for ten years with $ 10 million each. The German branch is located at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) in Berlin.

He is co-initiator of the Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET), which was founded at the end of October 2009 and aims to develop new approaches to economics , and supports the project with 50 million US dollars.

In August 2010, Soros also pledged to donate approximately $ 7 billion of his fortune to the Giving Pledge campaign . The initiative was launched in June 2010 by Bill Gates and Warren Buffett to encourage US “ super-rich ” to donate more than half of their wealth to charity.

In October 2010, Soros donated 1 million US dollars for a marijuana - legalization campaign in the US. In California, his donation supports the referendum California Proposition 19 on November 2nd, which takes place parallel to the US congressional elections . The alliance works to ensure that Californians who are at least 21 years old can own around 28 grams of marijuana for personal use, grow cannabis in small quantities, and smoke both legally. In this way, the police could concentrate on “serious crimes”.

He also funded Jose Antonio Vargas' Defining American initiative .

In October 2017, it was announced that Soros had transferred around $ 18 billion, the largest part of his fortune, to the Open Society Foundations . This makes the foundation the second largest behind the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation .

In 2017, Soros financed the Best for Britain group's anti- Brexit campaign with £ 400,000 and added £ 100,000 to this payment in 2018.

In October 2018, Soros donated $ 2 million to the Wikimedia Foundation . The Soros Foundation also supports journalists in investigative journalism. a. the Correctiv research agency .

The following important information is missing from this article or section:
The whole relationship with Hungary is missing
Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

Political and economic engagement in Ukraine

In the course of the Euromaidan protests, his foundation set up the Ukraine Crisis Media Center in Ukraine . After the change of government, he called for a "Marshall Plan" for the country. On August 23, 2014, President Petro Poroshenko thanked George Soros for his “support for Ukraine and its democratic development”. Poroshenko and Soros talked about how to make the country more attractive to investors.

In an interview with ZDF in November 2014, Soros, who has invested heavily in Ukrainian government bonds, called for the austerity policy that Chancellor Angela Merkel was dictating to the entire EU to be abandoned in favor of Ukraine: “Unfortunately, she does not seem to understand that her austerity policy is inadequate Times of war like this. Anyone who is at war must first and foremost use their resources - and if necessary increase their efforts. ”If the EU wanted to avoid this massive support for Ukraine, it could turn out badly for it, said Soros. In his opinion, "Ukraine defend the EU against Russian aggression".

Because the contractually agreed maximum debt of 60% of gross domestic product was significantly exceeded when the loan was taken out, Russia threatened to call in loans to Ukraine of around 3 billion US dollars in 2015. This would have meant that Ukraine, which had not yet drawn up a budget for 2015, would have donated 8 billion US dollars to private investors - u. a. also to Soros - had to repay. In an interview with the Financial Times in January 2015, Soros called on the international community, and above all the European Union, to provide Ukraine with financial aid amounting to 50 billion dollars in the first quarter of the year if possible. These funds are needed to rebuild the country, modernize the economy and repair the war damage in eastern Ukraine. Such a commitment will also help the EU to save the euro.

In this plan, published in January 2015, he proposed in particular that the Paris Club should assume Ukraine's debt to Russia in order to prevent a general default and loss of capital for private creditors. The immediate payments necessary to avoid a financial collapse in Ukraine, which the IMF put at 15 billion dollars, are far from sufficient. Against the background of the impending payment defaults, Soros negotiated in Kiev on January 13, 2015 with politicians, parliamentarians and others. a. on the establishment of a state fund to protect private investors.

In Russia, Soros is accused of anti-Russian rhetoric and meddling in the country's interests. In December 2015, the Russian Attorney General's Office classified two George Soros Foundations, the Open Society Foundations and the OSI Assistance Foundation, as undesirable. His fund was accused by Russian politicians of having financed coups such as the Euromaidan of 2013/2014 in Ukraine. Soros denied any involvement, but admitted in a 2014 CNN interview that his Ukrainian branch of the Soros Foundation, founded in 1991, had played an important role in the current events in Ukraine. In 2015 Soros also received the Ukrainian Order of Freedom from the new Ukrainian leadership under Petro Poroshenko for his commitment .

Soros promised to invest USD 500 billion in Ukraine over ten years from 2016. He announced that he would become a shareholder in Ukraine's largest fund company, Dragon Capital (founded in 2000 with a minority stake by Goldman Sachs ), and announced the purchase of Ukrainian software developer Ciklum . According to the Internet newspaper Ukrajinska Pravda , supported by Soros, its investments are also intended to "massively reduce Russia's influence on Ukraine".

Political engagement in the USA

Soros donated to PACs to support Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. Shortly before Donald Trump's inauguration , Soros said that Trump was a "blender and con man and would-be dictator". Trump "would like to be a dictator if he could get away with it." The US Constitution and the democratic institutions in the United States would ultimately stop him. He, Soros, believes Trump will fail.

In January 2018, in a speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos , he said that IT monopolists such as Google and Facebook stand in the way of innovation in society and the economy and manipulate people's thinking to the detriment of democracy. Your days are numbered.

Right conspiracy myths

In the context of the refugee crisis in Europe in 2015 , Soros was accused by Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán of being largely responsible for it. This notion that Soros would specifically steer the flow of migrants to Europe is sometimes referred to as the conspiracy theory. According to the journalist Hannes Grassegger, these and other allegations were conceived by the American political advisor Arthur J. Finkelstein after 2010 : In terms of negative campaigning , the aim was to introduce the public to a villain against whom Orbán could stand out positively.

The suspicion of conspiracy that Soros is behind the European refugee crisis is represented by FPÖ politicians such as Norbert Hofer and Johann Gudenus . Similar allegations have been made against Soros and non-governmental organizations supported by his foundation in other countries , such as the Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić and the former North Macedonian Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski . Accusations against Soros' investments and financial commitment also came from politicians from other right-wing populist parties such as Jörg Meuthen , Stephan Brandner , Petr Bystron and Björn Höcke (all AfD ), Matteo Salvini ( Lega Nord ) and Nigel Farage ( Brexit Party ). In Poland , Krystyna Pawłowicz , a Sejm MP for the national-conservative PiS , claimed that Soros' foundations were funding "anti-Christian and anti-national activities". Their party chairman Jarosław Kaczyński insinuated that he was trying to “destroy traditional societies” by imposing a “multicultural orientation” and was pursuing the goal of creating a “society without identity”, since such a society was “extremely easy to manipulate”. Accusations that Soros is the epitome of a “globalist elite” and would finance the so-called refugee caravan from Central America to the USA are also being made by representatives of the Republican Party and President Donald Trump . All of these allegations are criticized by scholars because they use the anti-Semitic stereotype of a supposedly controlling and manipulating Jewish conspiracy . Soros appears as the main actor in this conspiracy and is the projection screen for numerous classic anti-Semitic resentments . In connection with the Orbán campaign and after criticism by the Israeli ambassador to Hungary Yossi Amrani of the Orbán government's anti-Soros poster campaign, the Israeli Foreign Ministry, headed by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu , criticized Soros for supporting organizations in Israel that “the slandered the Jewish state and questioned its right to self-defense ”.

Publications

literature

  • Michael T. Kaufman: Soros. 2001, ISBN 0-375-70549-X (biography)
  • Robert Slater: Invest first investigate later. 1996
    • The 24 secrets of George Soros. Invest like a living legend. Ueberreuter, Vienna / Frankfurt 1998; Paperback edition with the title Investment with George Soros. The 24 secret investment and securities strategies of the ingenious investor. Droemer Knaur, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-426-82313-6
  • Robert Slater: Soros - The Unauthorized Biography. The Life Times and Trading Secrets of the World's Greatest Investor. 1996
    • George Soros. His life, his ideas, his influence on the global economy. FinanzBook-Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-89879-473-2
  • George Soros in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely accessible)

Web links

Commons : George Soros  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to the biography on the official website of George Soros ( memento of November 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), although various journalists and a book about Soros ( George Soros, the world's most influential investor by George Slater), the non-Hungarian birth name Spreading Dzjchdzhe Shorash .
  2. ↑ Hartmut Schütz: One of the pioneers of expressive dance: Elza Brandeisz died at the age of 110. Obituary. In: Dresdner Latest News Online. January 8, 2018, accessed January 9, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Teodoro S. Svarc. Maskerado ĉirkaŭ la morto. Nazimondo en Hungarujo. La Laguan (J. Regulo). 1965 and: Tivadar Soros. Masquerade: The Incredible True Story of How George Soros' Father Outsmarted the Gestapo. New York. 2011
  4. ↑ a b Süddeutsche Zeitung : The big speculators (4) - The billionaire gambler for whom capitalism is too cold . February 13, 2008 (part 1)
  5. ↑ Esperanto Blog: The billionaire native Esperanto speaker? May 17, 2011.
  6. ^ Soros Uses Leverage To Aid New York Children. Retrieved March 15, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Biography on the official website of George Soros ( Memento from July 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ^ Pearson: The Great Investors: Lessons on Investing from Master Traders . England 2012, ISBN 978-0-273-74338-5 , pp. 146 .
  9. ^ Spiegel Online : Insider trading: US billionaire Soros sentenced in France . June 14, 2006
  10. ↑ International Herald Tribune : Soros appeals conviction for insider trading . December 14, 2006
  11. ↑ Manager Magazin Online: Insider trading - judgment against Soros confirmed . October 6, 2011
  12. ↑ Handelsblatt : Insider trading - George Soros' million fine is legal . October 6, 2011
  13. ^ The World's Billionaires: George Soros. In: Forbes. Retrieved March 5, 2016 .
  14. ^ Malaysian ex-premier Mahathir and billionaire Soros end feud . In ABC News . December 15, 2006
  15. ↑ a b Stephan Israel: George Soros sees no end to the financial crisis ( memento from September 1, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ). In: Tages-Anzeiger . April 17, 2008
  16. ^ Louise Story: The Face of a Prophet . In: The New York Times . April 11, 2008
  17. ↑ Marc Pitzke : George Soros: "Worst crisis in my lifetime" . In: manager magazin . April 14, 2008
  18. ^ A b Jenny Anderson: Wall Street Winners Get Billion-Dollar Paydays . In: The New York Times . April 16, 2008
  19. ^ Soros, the winner of the crisis . In: Tages-Anzeiger . September 2, 2009
  20. ^ Moritz Koch: George Soros - The free radical . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . September 3
  21. ↑ Star investor marries his yoga teacher. In: Picture , September 22, 2013.
  22. ↑ George Soros. In: bornrich.com. Retrieved April 13, 2018 .
  23. ^ Elections to the British Academy celebrate the diversity of UK research. British Academy , July 21, 2017, accessed July 21, 2017 .
  24. ↑ US investor Soros receives Schumpeter Prize 2019. Accessed June 20, 2019 .
  25. ↑ Vienna Decoration of Honor for George Soros. In: ORF.at . November 14, 2019, accessed November 19, 2019 .
  26. ↑ Alicia Epstein Korten: Change Philanthropy: Candid Stories of Foundations Maximizing Results through Social Justice. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-43516-8 , pp. 104f .
    Time : Power Givers: George Soros . 2007
  27. ↑ 3sat : No more Bush! How George Soros stirs up the US election campaign with dollars . February 3, 2004
  28. ↑ CommonDreams.org: Why We Must Not Re-elect President Bush ( October 3, 2009 memento in the Internet Archive ). September 28, 2004 (Address to the National Press Club in Washington, DC)
  29. ^ The New York Review of Books : The Financial Crisis: An Interview with George Soros . May 15, 2008
  30. ↑ a b Süddeutsche Zeitung : The big speculators (4) - The billionaire gambler for whom capitalism is too cold . February 13, 2008 (part 2)
  31. ^ New Statesman : NS Profile - George Soros ( Memento of September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  32. ^ Richard C. Morals: Beware of billionaires bearing gifts. April 1997; quoted in the appendix by Ivo Skoric: Uncle Soros: The First Capitalist Dissident . April 4, 1997
  33. ↑ Alexios Schandermani: Mission in Chechnya. Nova Science, New York 2002, pp. 90 ff.
  34. ^ Member History: George Soros. Retrieved February 8, 2019 .
  35. ^ Reporters Without Borders: Income and expenditure ( Memento of August 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). December 31, 2006
  36. ↑ Bastian Obermayer , Frederik Obermaier : The Ibiza Affair. Inside views of a scandal . With a foreword by Armin Wolf . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2019, ISBN 978-3-462-05407-1 , pp. 44 .
  37. ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung : George Soros - statesman without a state . December 22, 2006 (accessed August 3, 2010)
  38. ↑ Perfect enemy . In: Der Spiegel . No. 13 , 2002 ( online - March 25, 2002 , interview).
  39. ^ The New York Review of Books : On Israel, America and AIPAC . April 12, 2007
  40. ↑ Die Welt : Financial Crisis: Soros sees the worst crisis in 60 years . January 25, 2008
  41. ↑ manager magazin : US investor: Soros wants to invest a billion dollars in climate protection . October 11, 2009
  42. ↑ the daily newspaper : Soon in Berlin: Soros donates the Climate Institute . November 11, 2009
  43. ↑ Handelsblatt : George Soros: Millions attack on established economics . November 3, 2009
  44. ↑ 40 super-rich donate half of their wealth
  45. ^ Mortsiefer, Henrik, 2010: George Soros. Multi-billionaire for legalization of marijuana in the Tagesspiegel of October 28, 2010, accessed on October 28, 2010.
  46. ↑ US billionaire: George Soros gives most of the assets of his foundation . In: Spiegel Online . October 18, 2017 ( spiegel.de [accessed October 18, 2017]).
  47. ^ David Gelles: George Soros Transfers Billions to Open Society Foundations . In: The New York Times . October 17, 2017 ( nytimes.com [accessed October 18, 2017]).
  48. ↑ Jessica Elgot: George Soros 'proud' of donating £ 400,000 to anti-Brexit campaign. The Guardian , February 11, 2018, accessed April 11, 2018 .
  49. ↑ Jessica Elgot: George Soros raises donation to anti-Brexit Best for Britain group. The Guardian , February 11, 2018, accessed April 11, 2018 .
  50. ↑ George Soros, founder of Open Society Foundations, invests in the future of free and open knowledge Kaitlin Thaney, press release of the Wikimedia Foundation of October 15, 2018, in English, accessed on March 5, 2019
  51. ^ Matthias Holland-Letz: When foundations finance journalism. Research Journal Social Movements Volume 30. Issue 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/fjsb-2017-0090 , 2018, p. 95.
  52. ^ Matthias Rude: The bought revolution , in: Ronald Thoden, Sabine Schiffer: Ukraine in sight. Russia's neighbor as a target for geostrategic interests. Frankfurt 2014, pp. 108–120, pp. 118ff.
  53. ↑ ZDF-heute, November 5, 2014 ( Memento from January 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  54. ↑ George Soros: "Ukraine defends EU against Russian aggression" , derStandard.at, March 30, 2015
  55. ↑ Handelsblatt, January 12, 2015
  56. ↑ George Soros: A New Policy to Rescue Ukraine . In: The New York Review of Books . January 5, 2015 ( nybooks.com [accessed April 13, 2018]).
  57. ↑ Critical to this “area bombing of Ukraine with money”, which represents a “ moral hazard ” for irresponsible politicians, see Leonid Bershidsky: Leonid Bershidsky: Soros' Terrible Plan to Throw Money at Ukraine Bloomberg January 8, 2015
  58. ↑ Ukraine Today January 13, 2015
  59. ↑ a b Russia declares US organizations undesirable. In: Spiegel Online , November 30, 2015.
  60. ^ Soros on Russian ethnic nationalism. Retrieved April 16, 2016 .
  61. ^ Decree of the President of Ukraine
  62. ↑ Nina Jeglinski: George Soros invests in Ukraine and receives medals. In: Sächsische Zeitung , December 1, 2015.
  63. ↑ Nina Jeglinski: George Soros is investing heavily in Ukraine. In: Der Standard , November 19, 2015.
  64. ^ Soros to invest in new equity fund under Dragon Capital's management. In: interfax.com.ua , November 18, 2015 (English).
  65. ↑ Priorities USA Action Contributors, 2016 cycle. In: opensecrets.org. The Center for Responsive Politics, accessed April 13, 2018 .
  66. ↑ FAZ.net January 20, 2017: Investor calls Trump a "would-be dictator"
  67. ↑ Interview with Bloomberg: Soros Says Markets to Slump With Trump, EU Faces Disintegration (January 19, 2017)
  68. ↑ Olivia Solon: George Soros: Facebook and Google a menace to society. January 26, 2018, accessed January 29, 2018 .
  69. ^ George Soros: Remarks delivered at the World Economic Forum. January 25, 2018, accessed January 29, 2018 .
  70. ^ Gregor Mayer: Orbán distinguishes himself as a conspiracy theorist . derstandard.at , November 1, 2015; William Totok: Orbán's enemy. In: taz of April 14, 2018; Michael Butter : "Nothing is what it seems". About conspiracy theories. Suhrkamp, ​​Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-518-07360-5 , p. 109; Armin Pfahl-Traughber : Conspiracy ideologies today . In: Helmut Reinalter : (Ed.): Handbook of conspiracy theories. Salier Verlag, Leipzig 2018, ISBN 978-3-96285-004-3 , p. 311 f.
  71. ^ A b Hannes Grassegger: The Finkelstein Formula. In: Das Magazin No. 1/2 of January 12, 2019, pp. 8-17 ( online ).
  72. ↑ Irene Brickner: George Soros as the scapegoat of the right. derstandard.at , April 24, 2018
  73. ↑ The billionaire and the agitators . spiegel.de , January 29, 2017.
  74. ↑ Björn Höcke speaks at AfD Ash Wednesday about disempowerment. www.abendblatt.de, March 7, 2019
  75. ^ A b Jacob Eder: Debate Trump's rhetoric and Pittsburgh: Soros as a synonym. taz.de, November 11, 2018
  76. ↑ The Unwanted Billionaire. www.nwzonline.de, May 17, 2017
  77. ↑ Patrick Gensing : Facts against Fake News or The Struggle for Democracy. Duden, Berlin 2019, p. 134
  78. ↑ Campaign against Soros in Hungary: “That reminds us of Europe's darkest hours.” Www.tagesspiegel.de, July 13, 2017
  79. ↑ FASZ January 12, 2014: George Soros' euro bet
personal data
SURNAME Soros, George
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schwartz, György (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American investment banker and philanthropist of Hungarian origin
DATE OF BIRTH August 12, 1930
PLACE OF BIRTH Budapest