Hinnerk Scheper

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Architecture Wchutemas , book cover by El Lissitzky (1927)

Hinnerk Scheper (born September 6, 1897 in Wulften , Bersenbrück district as Gerhard Hermann Heinrich Scheper ; † February 5, 1957 in Berlin ) was a German color designer, photographer, non-fiction author, restorer, monument conservator, state curator and town planner

Life

Gerhard Hermann Heinrich was born on September 6, 1897, the son of Catherine Düne and stepfather, master carpenter Hermann Gerhard Heinrich Scheper. His older brother was Hermann Scheper, who was born on April 3, 1842.

Color wheel according to Johannes Itten (1961) teacher of Hinnerk Scheper

In 1904, at the age of 7, Hinnerk started school in the Protestant elementary school in Wulften. After graduating from school in 1912, he began an apprenticeship as a painter with master painter Gustav Nehmelmann. With the simultaneous attendance of a further education school in nearby Osnabrück, Hinnerk expanded his knowledge in the subjects of drawing and mathematics. In 1915, after successfully passing his apprenticeship examination, he found his first job in Quakenbrück with master painter Rudolf Engel and in 1916 he worked in the Badbergen post office, as his master was given a contract at a shipyard in Bremen . In the past, Hinnerk managed to sell two paintings he had painted himself and used the money to buy his first camera. He developed the photos in his own darkroom. From 1918 to 1919 he attended the arts and crafts school with a focus on photography in Düsseldorf and Bremen. From 1919 to 1922 he studied at the Bauhaus in Weimar in the basic apprenticeship with Johannes Itten and Paul Klee and wall painting with Itten and Oskar Schlemmer . Hinnerk Scheper passed his master's examination as a painter. In the same year he married his fellow student Lou Berkenkamp . From 1922 to 1925 Scheper was a painter and color designer, and it was during this time that he worked on buildings in Weimar and Münster. From 1925, Scheper, succeeding Wassily Kandinsky , headed the wall painting workshop at the Bauhaus in Dessau until the Bauhaus was finally closed by the National Socialists in 1933.

The Bauhaus wallpaper

Three samples of Bauhaus wallpaper, left sample b 4

Under the leadership of director Hannes Meyer , who took over from Walter Gropius on April 1, 1928, a group was appointed to develop drafts for the Bauhaus wallpaper collection: Hinnerk Scheper, Ludwig Hilberseimer , Josef Albers and Joost Schmidt . Hinnerk organized a design competition for the wallpaper samples among his students in the wall painting workshop. By Maria Rasch , sister of Emil Rasch co-owner of Tapetenfabrik brothers Rasch in Bramsche , the wallpaper production of the Bauhaus pattern was stimulated. The sample collection comprised fourteen samples, each with five to 15 color variants, each with structured, small-scale designs and without waste. After initial teething problems, the wallpaper became a complete economic success and thanks to constant modernization, the samples also survived the Bauhaus closure to the current Rasch range.

““ It gave us the opportunity to transfer a color that was peculiar to us and a texture we developed for the tinted surface from the plaster to the paper. In this way we were able to generalize and popularize our type of wall treatment and also our principle of interior design by means of mechanical reproduction into an industrial product accessible to all. ""

- Hinnerk Scheper review 1955

The time in Moscow

St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow

From 1929 to 1931, Scheper was on leave from the Bauhaus in order to set up and manage a state advice center for color design with a design office and associated teaching activities for the entire Soviet Union in the Soviet capital Moscow . Mrs. Lou accompanied him to Moscow and helped him during this time. His Russian colleague in the "Advice Center for Color in Architecture and Cityscape" (Russian Maljarstroj) became Boris Ender , a student of Mikhail Matjuschin . In 1930 Erich Borchert followed his teacher and in 1931 took over the management of Hinnerk in the Maljarstrojprojekt planning office, who returned to Germany. Scheper also taught at the WChUTEIN Design School . At the same time, he created photo series about people and architecture in the Soviet Union.

The time of National Socialism

Until 1932 he worked with Lou Scheper for various photo agencies in Berlin, after 1934 he was engaged in freelance artistic activity, color design and restoration work. In 1934 the National Socialists denied Hinnerk membership in the Reich Association of the German Press . From 1942 to 1945 Scheper did military service in Germany.

After the Second World War

Gravesite of Scheper and his wife

In 1945 the Berlin magistrate appointed him head of the Office for the Preservation of Monuments and Urban Planning and State Conservator of Berlin. In the same year he was one of the rescuers of the Neue Wache in Berlin, as was the architect and monument conservator Selman Selmanagić in 1949 . During the split in Berlin, Scheper protested unsuccessfully against the evacuation of the Berlin City Palace by the German People's Police in October 1948. The hopeless fight against the demolition of the palace, which the East Berlin magistrate was promoting, prompted him and the director of the Berlin Palace Administration, Margarete Kühn , to move to their seats To relocate West Berlin. In a committee of experts, consisting of Professor Richard Sedlmaier from Kiel, Professor Günther Grundmann and Dr. jur. Günter Scheefe from Hamburg, Hinnerk drew attention to himself in 1951 as an expert. The commission exposed the forgeries in the Marienkirche in Lübeck. After the war, the "Bauhaus wallpaper collection" came back on the market for the first time in 1950/51, still in the old Bauhaus wallpaper design of the 1930s. As in the time before the outbreak of war, Hinnerk remained responsible for its design and color scheme. From 1952/53, the Rasch company modernized the collection and is now based on Scandinavian designs. From 1952 Scheper had a teaching position for monument preservation at the Technical University of Berlin and from 1953 he held the title of government director as state curator of Berlin (West) . Hinnerk Scheper died on May 5, 1957 in Berlin, the couple's grave is in the Zehlendorf cemetery .

family

December 22, 1922 he married his wife Lou, b. Hermine Luise Berkenkamp in the City Church of St. Peter and Paul in Weimar .

The following children were born from the marriage:

  • Jan Gisbert (born November 7, 1923)
  • Britta (born March 28, 1926 - † January 14, 2012)
  • Dirk (born August 21, 1938)

His daughter-in-law became the wife of son Dirk, Renate Scheper.

Works

The highlights of Scheper's work in Dessau were his color design and the color coding system in the Bauhaus building / Dessau and the color design of the Masters' Houses as well as that of the Dessau Törten estate. One of his most important color schemes in Moscow was the Narkomfin building by Ginsburg and Milinis. Scheper carried out restoration measures at the palace [[Sacrow (Potsdam) Kammergericht ]], in the Reichsforstamt and Prinz-Albrecht-Palais in Berlin. "The reconstruction of Berlin, in particular the rescue and restoration of historical buildings, churches and palace buildings, remains closely associated with the name Hinnerk Scheper."

  • Galerie Neue Kunst Fides 1926

  • View of the Neue Wache after its destruction in World War II , 1945

  • Charlottenburg Palace after the air raid on November 22, 1943

  • Equestrian cityscape of the Great Elector in the courtyard of Charlottenburg Palace Berlin

  • Siegesallee Berlin 1903, called "Puppenallee" by Berliners

  • Johanniskirche in Berlin-Moabit (2017)

  • The Luisenkirche in Berlin Charlottenburg

  • Charlottenburg Palace: Knobelsdorff wing

  • Sacrow Castle , spring 2015

  • Narkomfin building, Moscow 2007

Own literary works - non-fiction books

  • Restoration and professional ethics - (Article) Author: Hinnerk Scheper (Source: Deutsche Kunst und Denkmalpflege / edited by the Association of State Monument Preservationists in the Federal Republic of Germany. 1955, 109–111 Publisher: 1955.)
  • The buildings and art monuments of Berlin, Tiergarten district - Author: Hinnerk Scheper Publisher: Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag , 1955. (Synagogue architecture. Synagogue architecture. - Germany - Berlin. Synagogues.)
  • The buildings and art monuments of Berlin - Author: Hinnerk Scheper; Paul Ortwin Rave - Published by Berlin Gebr. Mann
  • The buildings and art monuments of Berlin - On behalf of the Senate v. Berlin ed. v. Hinnerk Scheper. Writer: Paul Ortwin Rave. [From 3:] On behalf of Senators f. Construction u. Housing ed. from the State Conservator Berlin [sp .:] Office. f. Monument preservation. Author: Hinnerk Scheper Published by Berlin Gebr. Mann 1955.
  • The buildings and art monuments of Berlin - Author: Hinnerk Scheper; Irmgard Wirth; Berlin (West). Senate. Publisher: Berlin: Mann, 1955. (Insert by Paul Ortwin Rave / Client: Der Senat Berlin-West . Ed. By Hinnerk Scheper. Ed. By Irmgard Wirth .)
  • THE BUILDINGS AND ART MONUMENTS OF BERLIN - Periodical, Magazine: Series Publisher: Berlin Gebr. Mann
  • (en) Scheper, Hinnerk, 1897-1957. artist file - Author: Hinnerk Scheper; Ingalls Library, (Manuscript Materials, Archival Materials)
  • Ten Years of Monument Preservation in Berlin (Article) - Author: Hinnerk Scheper (Source: Deutsche Kunst und Denkmalpflege / published by the Association of State Monument Preservationists in the Federal Republic of Germany. 1957, 56–60 Publisher: 1957.)
  • Tafelband - Author: Paul Ortwin Rave; Hinnerk Scheper; Irmgard Wirth Verlag: Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1961. (Charlottenburg, T. 2 .; City and District Charlottenburg / Text and introduction: Paul Ortwin Rave. Ed. By Irmgard Wirth, Tafelbd .; Buildings and art monuments of Berlin / edited by the Senator for Urban Development and Environmental Protection, State Conservator, 2.)
  • The buildings and art monuments of Berlin. [2], Charlottenburg - Author: Hinnerk Scheper; Berlin (West). Office for Monument Preservation.
  • The buildings and art monuments of Berlin. [2] City and district of Charlottenburg: Tafelbd. - Author: Hinnerk Scheper Publisher: Berlin Mann 1961
  • Text volume - Author: Margarete Kühn ; Paul Ortwin Rave; Hinnerk Scheper Verlag: Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1970. (Charlottenburg, T. 1 .; Schloß Charlottenburg / edited by Margarete Kühn, Textbd .; Buildings and monuments of art from Berlin / published by the Senator for Urban Development and Environmental Protection, State Conservator, 2.)
  • The buildings and art monuments of Berlin. [3], Kreuzberg district - Author: Hinnerk Scheper; Berlin (West). Office for Monument Preservation. Published by Berlin Mann
  • The buildings and art monuments of Berlin. [4] Kreuzberg district: Maps and plans - Author: Hinnerk Scheper Publisher: Berlin Mann 1980
  • The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church : Origin and Significance - Author: Vera Frowein-Ziroff; Paul Ortwin Rave; Hinnerk Scheper Verlag: Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1982. (Buildings and art monuments of Berlin / edited by the Senator for Urban Development and Environmental Protection, State Conservator, Appendix 9.)
  • Photo: Hinnerk Scheper: a Bauhaus member as a photo journalist in Dessau (exhibition catalog) - Author: Renate Scheper; Hinnerk Scheper Verlag: Dessau: Anhaltische Verl.-Ges., 1991. (Contributions to the history of the city, 13.; Scheper, Hinnerk. Photographie. Dessau 1991)
  • Maps and plans - Author: Manfred Hecker; Paul Ortwin Rave; Hinnerk Scheper (handwritten material, archival material) Kreuzberg district / edited by Manfred Hecker, 4.1 .; Buildings and art monuments of Berlin / ed. from the Senator for Urban Development and Environmental Protection, State Conservator, 4.)
  • Hinnerk Scheper: color designer, photographer, monument conservator influenced by the Bauhaus - Author: Hinnerk Scheper; Renate Scheper; Förderverein Meisterhäuser Dessau Verlag: Bramsche: Rasch, 2007 (catalog book for the exhibition in the Meisterhaus Muche in Dessau from October 5 to November 25, 2007, organized by the Förderverein Meisterhäuser Dessau eV with the support of the city of Dessau-Rosslau; from March 7 to November 18, 2007) May 2008 the exhibition will also be shown by the support group of the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar eV in the Haus am Horn in Weimar)

literature

  • Renate Scheper: Photo: Hinnerk Scheper. A Bauhaus member as a photo journalist in Dessau. Anhaltische Verlags-Gesellschaft, Dessau 1991, ISBN 3-910192-11-4 .
  • Renate Scheper (Ed.): Hinnerk Scheper: color designer, photographer, monument conservator shaped by the Bauhaus. Rasch, Bramsche 2007, ISBN 978-3-89946-093-3 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Children's and Young People's Literature A lexicon Edited by Kurt Franz and Franz Josef Payrhuber on behalf of the German Academy for Children's and Young People's Literature. e. V., Volkach Founded by Alfred Clemens Baumgärtner and Heinrich Pleticha. Co-edited by Günther Lange 1999 and 2015 (PDF on kinderbuchforschung-murken.de Lou and Hinnerk Scheper) Lou and Hinnerk Scheper pdf view p. 4 and 5
  2. ↑ Landesarchiv Thüringen - Hauptstaatsarchiv Weimar, Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar , No. 146 1920 self-written curriculum vitae by Hermann Scheper p. 205
  3. ↑ Color Wheel after Johannes Itten von (Alias) KagoBelcol youtube.com color wheel
  4. ↑ Bersenbrücker Kreisblatt A Badberger also shaped the Bauhaus memories of Hinnerk Scheper and his work at the art school in Weimar Article 22 October 2019 by Alexandra Lüders Hinnerk Scheper his wife Lou
  5. ↑ a b Bersenbrucker Kreisblatt A Badberger also shaped the Bauhaus Memory of Hinnerk Scheper and his work at the art school in Weimar October 22, 2019 By Alexandra Lüders Hinnerk Scheper his wife Lou. As a conservator
  6. ↑ With subversive splendor: Max Bill and his time. 1908-1939 Angela Thomas Verlag Scheidegger & Spiess, 2008 - 575 pages p. 184 (restricted view)
  7. ↑ Hanna Elisabeth Koch: "Today beauty has a new meaning" - On the West German design of the 1950s using the example of the wallpaper industry , 2014, dissertation, p. 22 and p. 25 (PDF)
  8. ↑ Bauhaus Archive Museum of Design The Bauhaus Collection (virtual) wall painting
  9. ↑ Scientific journal of the Weimar University of Architecture and Construction, Volume 26, 1 1979 1 Issue 4/5 Larissa A. Shadowa Hinnerk Scheper and Boris Ender in Maljarstroj (PDF)
  10. ↑ Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union 1914-1941 edited by Alfred Eisfeld, Victor Herdt, Boris Meissner Lit Verlag Dr. W. Hopf Berlin 2007 p. 356
  11. ↑ bauhaus.de/de/bauhaus-archiv/2446_schenkungen/2448_erich_borchert/ Erich Borchert
  12. ↑ Memories of Kurt Reutti (1900–1967), a German sculptor and art collector LII. Die Neue Wache DFG-Viewer pp. 355-361
  13. ↑ The Buildings and Art Monuments of Berlin Supplement 40 (PDF) p. 9 Foreword
  14. ↑ Although an official commission had declared it not to collapse the day before. One of Scheper's offices in the castle was also affected. For this and the following see Renate Petras: Das Schloß in Berlin. From the revolution in 1918 to the destruction in 1950. Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin / Munich 1992, p. 108f.
  15. ↑ Kunstchronik, Volume 5 H. Carl, 1952 p. 325 (restricted view)
  16. ↑ The paintings in the choir of the Marienkirche in Lübeck Restoration or forgery by Günther Grundmann and Richard Sedlmaier on journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de (PDF view) pp. 324 to 331
  17. ↑ a b leaflet for the exhibition in the 'Haus am Horn', Hinnerk Scheper - color designer, photographer, monument conservator. Quoted from Michael Siebenbrodt.
  18. ↑ On waz.trauer.de - created by Funke Mediengruppe Created on January 14th, 2012 Britta Schöne-Warnefeld geb. Scheper
  19. ↑ bauhaus100 www.bauhaus100.de Color coding systems and color plans Bauhaus Dessau
  20. ↑ Classic architectural sketches 10 November 2017 · Hinnerk Scheper - color design for Department F of the Narkomfin building (Moisei Ginzburg and Ignaty Milinis, 1928–1932), Moscow, Russia, 1929. on www.facebook.com ( SPAN ) BocetosClasicosDeArquitectura Hinnerk Scheper color design
  21. ↑ Unique treasure in the Berlin Bauhaus archive Scheper estate Unique treasure in the Berlin Bauhaus archive Hinnerk and Lou Scheper
  22. ↑ NOTIFICATIONS FROM THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE HISTORY OF BERLIN FOUNDED 1865 Born 1965 - 1970 Editor: 1965 - 1967 Dr. Joachim Lachmann 1968 - 1970 Prof. Dr. Dr. Walter Hoffmann-Axthelm and Dr. Hans E. Pappenheim p.281 (PDF)
  23. ↑ Berlin Berlin in the past and present Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1996 p. 68 (restricted view)
  24. ↑ Who was who in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania: The Personal Lexicon by Grete Grewolls 2026 Demmin, Erich
  25. ^ District Office Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf Evangelische Luisenkirche
  26. ^ History of construction and architecture, urban development in Lübeck, literature references and quotations from Hans Maier under Marien Kirche: F: p. 15
  27. ↑ Monuments and memorial stones for Frederick the Great: Farewell, ... by René Du Bois pp. 42 - 43
  28. ↑ Berlin in Past and Present Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1996 p. 53 p. 67 and p. 68 (restricted view)
  29. ↑ NOTIFICATIONS FROM THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE HISTORY OF BERLIN FOUNDED 1865 Born 1965 - 1970 Editor: 1965 - 1967 Dr. Joachim Lachmann 1968 - 1970 Prof. Dr. Dr. Walter Hoffmann-Axthelm and Dr. Hans E. Pappenheim BERLIN p.82 (PDF)
  30. ↑ WorldCat worldcat.org works, articles and magazines of Hinnerk Scheper
personal data
SURNAME Scheper, Hinnerk
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scheper, Gerhard Hermann Heinrich (birth name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German color designer, photographer and monument conservator
DATE OF BIRTH September 6, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Wulften , Osnabrück district
DATE OF DEATH 5th February 1957
Place of death Berlin