Sacrow Castle

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Sacrow Castle
Sacrow Castle
Data
place Sacrow
Client Johann Ludwig von Hordt
Construction year 1773
Coordinates 52 ° 25 '39.5 "  N , 13 ° 5' 41.6"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 25 '39.5 "  N , 13 ° 5' 41.6"  E
Sacrow Castle (Brandenburg)
Sacrow Castle

The Sacrow Castle is a castle in Potsdam district Sacrow . It was built in 1773 by the Swedish Lieutenant General Johann Ludwig von Hordt .

Emergence

Millennial oak in the Sacrow Palace Park
Sacrow Castle
Memorial plaque in the palace gardens

The origins of the place Sacrow go back to a manor, which is mentioned for the first time in the 14th century in the land book of Emperor Charles IV . In 1764, the fortress commander of the Spandau Citadel , the Swedish Lieutenant General Count Johann Ludwig von Hordt, acquired the estate and in 1773 built a new mansion on the site of a previous building. In accordance with the baroque style conventions, it is strictly symmetrical with four rows of windows on either side of the central axis. A special feature was a large greenhouse that was attached directly to the south gable of the building. In the castle park there is also a "thousand year old oak ", which is protected as a natural monument. In 1779 Heinrich Karl de la Motte Fouqué, coming from Brandenburg, acquired the estate and with him the manor house. His son, Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué , who later became a poet, spent a few years of his youth here. He probably received significant inspiration for his “ Undine ” at Lake Sacrow . From 1781 to 1811 Sacrow was owned by the royal chamberlain, Count August Ferdinand von Haeseler, a stepson of the builder, Count von Hordt. The first bourgeois lord of the castle was the royal Kommerzienrat and consul general Jean Balthasar Henry in 1811, who had made a fortune in trade with Russia and, in addition to Sacrow, owned the Fredersdorf and Vogelsdorf estates in eastern Berlin. Henry's brother-in-law, the banker Rudolph Rosentreter, who also quickly became wealthy, married to Eugenie Caroline Henry, was the owner of the neighboring Gut Klein-Glienicke from 1812 to 1814 and had commissioned Karl Friedrich Schinkel to carry out the first renovations there. The brother Jean Henry, married to Daniel Chodowiecki's daughter Suzette , was one of the leading theologians and art connoisseurs of his time. Jean Balthasar Henry died in 1813. His heirs sold the Sacrow Palace and Estate in 1816.

history

In 1816, the Berlin banker Magnus bought the estate, which the family used as a summer residence. The guests also included members of the Moses Mendelssohn family , to whom there were extensive relatives. Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy probably composed parts of his string quartet in A minor (Op. 13) here. A production facility for lead sugar and white lead was set up on the estate , which existed for about twenty years and led to lasting contamination of the soil (see section on decontamination ).

A crucial date for Sacrow was the year 1840, when Friedrich Wilhelm IV bought the manor and manor house from Magnus for 60,000 thalers. At the same time he gave the order to build the Heilandskirche through his architect Ludwig Persius , who should also expand the manor house. Persius added a two-story extension to the north gable with a representative entrance in the Italian style. The Bel Etage of the palace was used as the official residence of the palace chaplain Albert Heym, the first pastor of the Heilandskirche. A large storage building was also built behind the greenhouse. On behalf of the king, Peter Joseph Lenné laid out the park, which included the church and whose lines of sight exposed the neighboring palaces of Pfaueninsel , Glienicke and Babelsberg . Since that time the manor house in Sacrow has been called a castle, although the king himself never lived in it. Little is known about Sacrow from the following decades until the end of the German Empire. After the November Revolution of 1918, the Prussian State and Finance Minister Albert Südekum lived in the castle, initially as a weekend residence, and from 1920 onwards. Eberhard Cranz, a friend of Gotthard Sachsenberg , and his wife Emma nee lived here from autumn 1922 to November 1934 . Neuhaus.

In the Third Reich

In 1938 the castle was converted into the residence and office of the general forest master Friedrich Alpers . In the process, it completely lost its baroque shape inside. The representative rooms were moved to the ground floor, while the apartment was located on the upper floor. The roof ridge was extended to include part of the extension built by Persius on the north wing in the building. The rest of the extension was given a large roof terrace instead of the pointed roof, and a banquet hall with floor-to-ceiling windows was built underneath. The outbuildings were removed, and the adjutant's house as well as the chauffeur's and forester's apartments and a small falconry were built .

In the DDR

In 1945 the castle became "public property" and from then on served as a children's home and rest home for those persecuted by the Nazi regime . When the Wall was built, the National People's Army first moved into the palace, followed by the customs authorities of the GDR from 1973. The greenhouse was torn down and training facilities for the customs' detection dogs were built in the park.

After reunification

With the German reunification in 1990, the association “pro Brandenburg” was initially able to establish business contacts between the so-called old and new states from Sacrow. In 1993 the palace was administered by the “ Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation ”. Work began on restoring the park according to Lenné's original plans and turning the building into a museum. It turned out that Sacrow is not very suitable for a permanent exhibition because of the unfavorable infrastructural conditions. After the roof had been repaired and a heating system installed, the work had to be stopped for the time being until a sustainable utilization concept was developed. In 2003, the Ars Sacrow association received support from the SPSG for the temporary use of the castle as a “museum for a summer”.

A café has been set up in the yard of the outbuildings. The art exhibitions are organized by the Ars Sacrow association , in which committed and interested citizens have come together. They want to continue opening the church, palace and palace gardens to visitors and continue to support the urgently needed restoration work.

From August 2006 to the end of 2008, the Sacrow Palace with its outbuildings was the new outdoor location for the telenovela Paths to Happiness ;

Decontamination 2012

Due to the production of lead sugar and white lead from around 1816, the grounds of the manor were contaminated with lead residues on an area of ​​more than 4,000 m² and a depth of up to 2.5 m. The discovery of the damage (2009) goes back to private initiative. Investigations also revealed lead dust pollution in the entire castle, which - like parts of the manor park - had to be closed to the public for a period of two years. The renovation was carried out in 2012.

literature

in alphabetical order

  • Gottfried von Ising: Sakrow. In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins 48 (1931), pp. 54–67 u. 95-100.
  • Heike Mortell: Sakrow Castle Park. Outline of the historical development . In: Die Gartenkunst 7 (1/1995), pp. 80–92.
  • NN: The renovation of the Sakrow Castle. In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , Volume 61, No. 13 (March 26, 1941), pp. 215–223.
  • Gerd Schurig: Garden, Sacrow. In: Bund Heimat und Umwelt in Deutschland (ed.): White paper on historical gardens and parks in the new federal states. 2., revised. Ed., Bonn 2005, ISBN 3-925374-69-8 , pp. 45f.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Journal of the Association for the History of Berlin, Volumes 46–48, 1929, p. 46
  2. ^ Max Bloch: Albert Südekum (1871–1944), A German Social Democrat between Empire and Dictatorship, Düsseldorf 2009, pp. 270 and 281.
  3. ↑ Chronicle of the Luyken family. Volume II (1936), p. 425 [1] .

Web links

Commons : Schloss Sacrow  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files