Maria Rasch

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Maria Rasch , Emilie Minna Marie Rasch , (born October 16, 1897 in Bramsche ; † May 17, 1959 in Osnabrück ) was a German painter. She studied at the Bauhaus Weimar from 1919 to 1923 and was elected secretary of the working group for students at the Bauhaus. In 1923 she finished her studies at the Bauhaus Weimar as a “journeyman for decorative painting”. In 1928 she initiated the wallpaper production of Bauhaus wallpapers , which first appeared on the market in 1929.

Life

family

Maria Rasch was the first of three children to be the daughter of the factory owner Wilhelm Julius Emil Rasch and his wife Amalie, nee. Wiecking. The family had lived in Osnabrück since 1916; the father had died in 1912. Maria Rasch also lived in Osnabrück after completing her studies at the Bauhaus Weimar with her sister Auguste (called Gusti ). Rasch painted until shortly before her death and maintained her commitment to art, artist colleagues and “ Bauhaus members ”. During the National Socialist dictatorship she was not exposed to any direct persecution, but contact and exchange with the avant-garde (Gropius, Meyer , Feininger , Mies van der Rohe ) was destroyed by the measures of the National Socialists. Friends and former Bauhaus members emigrated, others withdrew into private life. The closure of her own family business in Bramsche during the final phase of the Second World War and the threatening bombing raids in Osnabrück also changed her world - in view of the war disaster, art and design had become secondary. It was only after 1945 that Maria Rasch, together with other Osnabrück artists, began to focus on art again. In 1945 she initiated the "Association of Visual Artists Osnabrück". The statutes of 1946 were based on the old ones that existed before 1933. As family members, she and her sister Gustl were partners in the wallpaper factory Gebr. Rasch in Bramsche, while their younger brother Emil Rasch was the managing partner. In this context, Maria Rasch joined the newly formed " Association of German Women Entrepreneurs ", which was founded in 1954 as an independent business association. In the last years of her life, she also understood her calling as an entrepreneur. Her sensitive sister Gusti therefore had the profession “painter and factory owner” entered on the death certificate.

education

After completing her school education, Maria Rasch attended the Royal Academy of Arts and Crafts in Breslau in 1916 . In January 1919 she moved to the “Grand Ducal Saxon University of Fine Arts” in Weimar, where she continued to train her drawing skills with Walther Klemm . She experienced the restructuring of the university under the direction of Henry van de Velde to form the State Bauhaus Weimar under Walter Gropius . In April 1919 she was elected secretary in the new student working group. The first chairman was Eberhard Schrammen , who co-edited the leaflet “The Exchange”. Maria Rasch recorded her diverse experiences during this time in her diary. In the spring of 1923, she actively worked on the interior design of the model house for the planned Bauhaus development “Am Horn”. At the end of 1923 she finally completed her training. But she remained connected to the Bauhaus.

Exhibitions

  • 1929–1931: Exhibitions together with Emil Nolde in Osnabrück, Bremen, Wilhelmshaven, Berlin and Hamburg.
  • 1935, February to March: group exhibition with Paul Holz and Hans Jaenisch. Gallery von der Heyde, Berlin.
  • after 1948: Exhibitions as part of group exhibitions by the “Osnabrück artists”.
  • 1965, October 3 to 31: Solo exhibition “Maria Rasch. A painter from Osnabrück 1897–1959 ”. Osnabrück City Museum.
  • 1997/1998, December 14th - February 28th: ​​Solo exhibition “Maria Rasch for her 100th birthday”. Osnabrück Cultural History Museum

Selected Works

The years 1928 to 1932 and 1948 to 1954 were concentrated painting phases by Maria Rasch. In addition to oil paintings and watercolors, it is mostly drawings that she left behind. There are some portraits of family members and friends, landscape and street scenes from the family's travel destinations and, especially after the Second World War, motifs that exude peaceful calm, often with a friendly, almost happy mood.

Few works are in museums today. Her works were no longer presented there after 1933. Some works are considered lost. The selection of the works listed below are in private hands, unless otherwise noted.

  • Portrait of an actress, 1929. Oil on canvas, signed RASCH, dated 29, 95 × 70 cm.
  • Houseboats on the Seine, 1930. Oil on canvas, signed M.RASCH, dated, 75 × 90 cm.
  • In the doctor's office room, around 1931. Oil on plywood, signed MR, 100 × 85 cm. Osnabrück Cultural History Museum
  • Self-portrait at the easel, around 1931. Oil on canvas, signed RASCH, 60 × 70 cm.

literature

  • Bauhaus. Travel book. Edited by Bauhaus Cooperation Berlin Dessau Weimar. Original edition 2011, Prestel, Munich / London / New York 2017.
  • Walter Borchers : Maria Rasch. A painter from Osnabrück 1897–1959. Exhibition catalog. Rasch Verlag, Bramsche 1965.
  • Eric Hobsbawm : The Age of Extremes. World history of the 20th century. dtv, Munich 1998, 11th edition 2011, pp. 228–230.
  • Inge Jaehner: Maria Rasch on her 100th birthday. Exhibition catalog. Rasch Verlag, Bramsche 1997.
  • Gerd Rabe: Osnabrück Art and Artists 1900–1970. Reprint from Osnabrücker Mitteilungen, vol. 81. Verlag H. Th. Wenner, Osnabrück 1974.
  • Wilfried Wolf: The early days - Osnabrück art. With contributions by Inge Frankmöller, Peter Jung, Ilsetraut Lindemann, Erich Albers, Rosa Haskamp. Rasch Verlag Bramsche 1986.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Werner Möller: Development and success of Bauhaus wallpaper / No Risk, No Main. Strategy for the Bauhaus Wallpaper . In: Tapetenfabrik Gebr. Rasch GmbH & Co (Ed.): Rasch Buch / book 1897–1997 . Rasch Verlag, Bramsche, ISBN 3-932147-35-9 , pp. 110-125, 110 .
  2. ^ Birth certificate, issued on September 18, 1941, Bramsche registry office, Bersenbrück district. Deposit quickly. Lower Saxony State and State Archives, Osnabrück
  3. ↑ Wilfried Wolf: The early days of Osnabrück art . Rasch, Bramsche 1986, ISBN 3-922469-27-2 , pp. 11 .
  4. ^ Letter of condolence from the association on the death of Maria Rasch. Deposit quickly. Lower Saxony State and State Archives, Osnabrück
  5. ↑ a b Death certificate, issued May 19, 1959. Depositum Rasch. Lower Saxony State and State Archives, Osnabrück
  6. ^ Bauhaus Cooperation Berlin Dessau Weimar (Ed.): Bauhaus. Travel book . Prestel, Munich / London / New York 2017, ISBN 978-3-7913-8244-9 , pp. 48, 155, 157 .
  7. ↑ Inge Jaehner: Maria Rasch's 100th birthday. (Series: Osnabrück Art and Artists) . Rasch, Bramsche 1997, p. 4-7 .
  8. ↑ Inge Jaehner: Maria Rasch's 100th birthday (Series: Osnabrücker art and artists) . Rasch, Bramsche 1997, p. 15 .
  9. ^ Newspaper clippings, Rasch Collection. Deposit quickly. Lower Saxony State and State Archives, Osnabrück.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Quickly, Maria
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH October 16, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Bramsche
DATE OF DEATH 17th May 1959
Place of death Osnabrück