Eskesberg Pit
| Eskesberg Pit | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
| Mining technology | Open pit | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| End of operation | 1956 | ||
| Successor use | Landfill | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | limestone | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 15 '36 " N , 7 ° 6' 22.4" E | ||
|
|||
| Location | Varresbeck | ||
| local community | Wuppertal | ||
| Independent city ( NUTS3 ) | Wuppertal | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The pit Eskesberg was a limestone - quarry in the Upper Devonian Massenkalk the west of Wuppertal in the district Elberfeld-West , which was later used as landfill and after renovation a nature reserve today.
location and size
The quarry in the northeast near Varresbeck was named after the former Eskesberg farm or Eskesberg . The Düsseldorf-Derendorf – Dortmund Süd railway ran south of the pit . To the east the Dorp mine was adjacent. A rock base remained between the two pits, on which the Varresbeck flows south.
The pit measured around 280 meters in the west-east extension and around 230 meters in the north-south extension.
history
Limestone was mined from 1850 until the end of mining in 1956. The site was subsequently taken over by the city of Wuppertal in 1957. The pit whose bottom sole was 60 meters deep, filled with ground water, and then was briefly used as a lake. The pit was later used as a landfill for household waste and building rubble until 1972 .
The owl's head was found in the Eskesberg quarry and is now the namesake of the Eulenkopfweg hiking trail . The owl's head ( Stringocephalus burtini ) is a key fossil of the Middle Devonian.
The industrial monument of the Wuppertal lime funnel kiln is still from the pit.
Nature reserve
The filled pits were initially left to their own devices. Due to the threat to the groundwater, the landfill was renovated in 2004/2005 for a total of 3.2 million euros, sealed at the top and provided with active drainage .
The sealing was covered with a 1 meter thick, humus and nutrient poor, lime and stone rich topsoil and left for largely natural repopulation. This area with 8.5371 hectares has been designated as a nature reserve since 2005 . On the initially completely barren area, an unusually species and flower-rich urban biotope developed. The repopulation with insects, vertebrates and vascular plants was followed closely as part of a monitoring . After years of largely natural succession, maintenance measures to keep it open were started. Large areas are in a transition stage between grassland and ruderal vegetation .
Individual evidence
- ^ Paul Reising: News from the Eulenkopfweg. The history of stones, plants, animals and people on the north-western edge of the city of Wuppertal (= observe and get to know nature, Bergisches Land. Vol. 8). Born-Verlag, Wuppertal 1994, ISBN 3-87093-068-3 .
- ↑ measured in Google Earth
- ↑ a b Bernd Schwickerath: Nature recaptures the Eskesberg. In: Westdeutsche Zeitung , April 15, 2011, ( online ).
- ↑ a b c Press release from the city of Wuppertal: Eskesberg nature reserve: Guided tours on the day of the soil ( Memento of the original from August 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , dated December 2, 2008, accessed June 5, 2015.
- ^ Soils in Wuppertal - Eskesberg landfill. In: The soils of Germany. See, explore, understand. A travelguide. Federal Environment Agency, Dessau-Roßlau October 2010, p. 113 ( PDF; 17.85 MB ).
- ↑ Excursion of the Bochum Botanical Association with a list of plants from June 15, 2014
- ↑ K. Cölln, A. Jakubzik, K. Ricono, F. Sonnenburg, G. Weber, J. Boomers: New start for a city biotope on a rehabilitated landfill. The spontaneous settlement of the refurbished Eskesberg landfill in Wuppertal by plants and animals. In: Natur in NRW Heft 37 (2), 2012, pp. 25–28.
literature
- Hubert Leonard Nobis: Recultivation success through natural succession on nutrient-poor overburden soils - results of a monitoring at the Eskesberg landfill in Wuppertal. In: Completion and recultivation of landfills and contaminated sites in 2008. Remediation, aftercare and subsequent use of landfills. The new regulation to simplify landfill law. Current status of discussion and implementation. Contributions to the seminar, October 8th and 9th, 2008, Art Nouveau Festival Hall, Landau idPf. ICP, Karlsruhe 2008, ISBN 978-3-939662-04-4 , pp. 89-100.
Web links
- Nature reserve "Grube Eskesberg" (W-019) in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia