Naval Strike Missile
| Naval Strike Missile | |
|---|---|
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| General Information | |
| Type | Anti-ship missile |
| Local name | Naval Strike Missile (NSM) |
| Country of origin |
 Norway
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| Manufacturer | Kongsberg |
| development | 1992 |
| Commissioning | 2012 |
| Working time | in action |
| Technical specifications | |
| length | 3.96 m |
| diameter | 500 mm |
| Combat weight | 345 kg (without booster) 407 kg (with booster) |
| span | 1,360 mm (wing unfolded) 700 mm (wing folded) |
| Drive First stage Second stage |
Solid fuel booster TRI 40 Turbojet |
| speed | Mach 0.9 |
| Range | 185 km |
| Furnishing | |
| steering | Inertial navigation platform and GPS |
| Target location | imaging infrared - seeker head with image processing |
| Warhead | 125 kg armor-piercing fragmentation warhead |
| Detonator | programmable detonator |
| Weapon platforms | Ships, helicopters, vehicles |
| Lists on the subject | |
The Naval Strike Missile , NSM for short or N ytt s jømåls m issil (Norwegian; in German New Sea Target Missile ), is a Norwegian anti-ship missile with stealth properties . The weapon is specially designed for coastal operations in the Norwegian fjords and use of small units such as speedboats and helicopters .
development
The NSM was created due to a request from the Norwegian Navy . They wanted to replace the Penguin from the 1960s with a modern anti-ship missile. The Penguin was designed according to two special specifications, which clearly differed it from the widely used Exocet and AGM-84 Harpoon missiles :
- The weapon had to be usable by small units. The Penguin is therefore only about two thirds as heavy as the aforementioned anti-ship weapons.
- The otherwise common radar seekers could not be used in the narrow fjords, as the rocks and the resulting radar echo would represent too great a potential for error. Therefore an infrared search head was installed.
These special requirements and ultimately also export advantages should be retained for the NSM . However, all other parameters should be thrown overboard in order to make room for a new design taking into account all technical advances. In particular, emphasis was placed on a completely new drive with a significantly higher range, completely new electronics, which should be immune to any interference , and an increased explosive effect with the same warhead weight.
The development contract was signed in 1996 and the serial production contract for the Norwegian Navy was signed in June 2007. The first copies were delivered to the Norwegian Navy for testing purposes in 2012. The NSM is being developed by the Norwegian state-owned Kongsberg Defense & Aerospace in collaboration with MBDA , a joint venture between EADS , BAE Systems and Leonardo .
Joint Strike Missile
A variant called Joint Strike Missile (JSM) is planned for the use of the F / A-18F Super Hornet and F-35 Lightning II , the next fighter jet for the Norwegian Air Force . This variant, specially designed for use from the air, should have a greater range and also be suitable for combating land targets. JSM weighs 375 kg and has a range of 370 km. The development is jointly funded by the Norwegian and Australian Air Forces. For this project, Kongsberg is also working with the armaments company Lockheed Martin , which is also the manufacturer of the F-35. A variant is also being considered for the Navy, which can be used by submarines.
The NSM's test program was carried out at the US Navy rocket firing range Point Mugu and in France. The test program suffered a major setback when a missile failed to take off and had to be blown up to be on the safe side.
In July 2018, the development phase was completed with a test shot from an F-16 Fighting Falcon . In the following integration phase, a software update is to be developed for the F-35 Lightning II by 2021 . From 2025 the NSM should be ready for use from this aircraft type.
technology
The guided missile has a weight of 407 kg, or 345 kg without booster, a length of 3.96 m and a wingspan of 1.36 m. Before take-off, the wings are folded, which reduces the wingspan to 70 cm.
The missile should have a particularly high survivability. For this purpose, the radar signature has been reduced to a minimum, which clearly sets it apart from other western anti-ship missiles , which are only improved versions of decades-old designs. This reduction in the radar signature is achieved mainly through the use of composite materials instead of metallic materials and through an optimized shape. In addition, the NSM is designed as a sea skimmer , which means that the missile flies only a few meters above the sea surface. This reduces the likelihood that the missile will be reconnaissance because, due to the curvature of the earth, radar systems can only scan the layer directly above the earth's surface within a relatively small radius. These two measures - stealth and sea skimming - reduce the detection and thus the chances of intercepting the missile as much as possible. In this phase, the weapon is steered by a combined navigation system consisting of GPS and INS .
In the final phase, the primary goal is no longer to avoid early detection, but to resist possible hard (e.g. Phalanx CIWS ) and soft (e.g. flares ) defense measures. In order to avoid fire from close-range defense systems , the missile flies preprogrammed evasive maneuvers in the final phase, which consist of curves in all three dimensions and, according to the manufacturer, are irrational and therefore unpredictable. In this phase, steering is carried out by an image-displaying infrared seeker head. This is coupled with a database of infrared signatures of possible targets. If the missile does not find an infrared signature that matches the programmed targets, it destroys itself. This process can also prevent deception by flares: While earlier infrared-guided missiles such as the Penguin automatically aimed at the most powerful heat emitter, the new system is supposed to use the entire infrared signature can recognize and thus distinguish the small flare from the larger ship. A data link is also planned for the future in order to change the target programming in flight.
The target effect is achieved by the explosion of an armor-piercing fragmentation warhead weighing about 125 kg, which is carried into the target by the missile directly above the waterline in order to achieve the largest and fastest possible water ingress. Although the combat charge is about as heavy as that of the Penguin, a newly developed arrangement should be able to achieve double the damage effect.
A solid rocket booster serves as the drive, which transports the missile out of its launch canister and accelerates it. A “microturbo” turbojet engine then takes over , which should enable a range of around 185 km. In comparison, the equally heavy predecessor Penguin can be used over a maximum of 40 km and the more than 50 percent heavier Exocet reaches a maximum of 200 km.
Even if the NSM was not designed to combat land targets, this is basically possible. The combination of GPS / INS and a programmable imaging infrared seeker head can fight land targets as well. A truck was destroyed in a test.
distribution
The RAAF is also planning to procure the Joint Strike Missile for its F-35 Lightning II.
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Germany
- In the German Navy , the Sea Skua target missiles are being replaced by the NSM.
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Japan
- The Self-Defense Forces use Joint Strike Missile with the F-35 Lightning II .
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Malaysia
- The NSM is to be used on the six Maharaja Lela- class ships of the Malaysian Navy .
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Norway
- The Norwegian Navy uses the NSM on their speedboats the Skjold class and the frigates of the Fridtjof Nansen class as anti-ship missiles. In addition, the weapon is to be introduced on the Navy's helicopters and the Norwegian Air Force will procure the Joint Strike Missile variant together with the F-35 fighter jets. On the other hand, the land-based coastal defense version is not to be procured, as a truck system for the heavily rugged coast of Norway is considered to be insufficiently mobile. Further reasons are likely to be the increasing orientation towards international deployments and budget restrictions.
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Poland
- The Polish Armed Forces use NSM for coastal defense.
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United States
- In the United States Navy , the NSM is used on the Littoral Combat Ships of the Freedom class and the Independence class .
Web links
- Official manufacturer's website for NSM
- Official manufacturer's website for JSM
- Missile.Index search
- Airpower article
- Marine forum article
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Successful NSM test from June 29, 2005, at www.kongsberg.com. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated December 30, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.kongsberg.com/en/KOG/News/2009/April/0427_JSM.aspx
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from November 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.kongsberg.com/en/KOG/News/2009/June/0906JSMAndLockheedMartin.aspx
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.kongsberg.com/en/KDS/News/2008/April/0430ClarificationUnsuccessfulTestfiring.aspx
- ^ Robin Hughes: Joint Strike Missile development phase concluded. In: janes.com. IHS Jane's Missiles & Rockets, July 2, 2018, accessed August 16, 2018 .
- ↑ http://aviationweek.com/awindefense/germany-buy-norwegian-naval-strike-missile
- ↑ Jane`s 360: Kongsberg awarded contract to supply JSMs for Japanese F-35s
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
