Nayrab

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Coordinates: 36 ° 11 '  N , 37 ° 14'  E

Nayrab​

Syria

Nayrab (also al-Nayrab , Arabic النيرب, DMG an-Nairab , Neirab ; from Akkadian nērebu ) is a district of Aleppo in Syria , which is about eight kilometers by road from the city center, right next to Aleppo Airport .

history

Nayrab with the name Nirabu in the biblical land of Naharaim

The oldest localization Nayrabs is related to the country Aram Naharaim (also Aram Nahrin ), which in the Old Testament and in three Akkadian written Amarna letters naharaim or Nahrima is called. There are various theories as to where this land was. The Egyptologist Gaston Maspero (1846-1916) suspected the country to be in a region between the Orontes , which rises in Lebanon and which flows into the Mediterranean in what is now Turkey, and the Balikh , a tributary of the Euphrates . Thereafter, in addition to Khalabu (Aleppo), Nirabu (Nirab) also belonged to this country, whose location corresponds to that of today's Nayrab.

The oldest archaeological find discovered during excavations in Nayrab is a sphinx of Pharaoh Amenemhet III. (Reign about 1842–1797 BC). This sphinx is believed to be possible evidence of political and economic ties between Egypt and northern Syria during the Middle Kingdom .

In the so-called Mari texts , on Akkadian clay tablets from the archive of King Zimri-Lim , who lived from 1773 to 1759 BC. BC ( middle chronology ) or 1709 to 1695 BC BC ( short chronology ) or 1677 to 1663 BC BC (ultra-short chronology) ruled the city-state of Mari , Nayrab is named next to Ur , Haran , Tema (Arabia) and Shawan (Yemen) as an important place of worship for the moon god Sin . A caravan road led past Nayrab.

In the place lists of the Pharaoh Thutmose  III. (around 1486 BC - 1425 BC) and on a column of the temple of Soleb (Nubia, 14th century BC) the place nrb , read as Nirib , is listed. Its position corresponds to today's Nayrab.

Also in a list of cities of the Aramaic principality Bit Adini , which was founded in the first half of the 9th century BC. When Aram Naharaim was predominant, Nayrab is listed as Nirabu .

Stela of Si'gabbar from Nayrab

In Nayrab, two stelae with reliefs of deceased priests from the 7th century BC were erected in a hill. Found. The inscriptions on it became important for knowledge about the Aramaic languages . At that time Nayrab was called Nērebu , was in the Arpadda province of the Aramaic state of Bīt-Agūsi (Jaban) and was a city of the Aramaic moon god Šahr . 

Twenty-seven cuneiform tablets found in Nayrab tell of the affairs of the descendants of a man named Nusku-gabbē over some forty years from the reign of Neriglissar (560 BC) to the Darius I (522-520 BC) .). These people belonged to a family that had probably first been relocated from Neirab to Babylonia near Nippur and from there, after decades, could return to Neirab, bringing the tablets with them. 

At the beginning of the 20th century, the French military established a military airfield north of Nayrab, as the area around Nayrab seemed suitable due to the nature of the soil. After the end of the occupation, the airport was expanded. It is officially called Aleppo Airport and has a civil and a military area.

After the Palestinian War in 1948, thousands of Palestinians from northern Palestine fled across the Syrian border and were then housed in the military barracks near the airport, which subsequently served as a refugee camp ( Muchayyam an-Nayrab ). The camp is one of the largest refugee camps in Syria. In December 2008, 18,955 people were registered in this camp in an area of ​​around 600 by 250 meters. The United Nations Relief Organization for Palestine Refugees in the Middle East (UNRWA) and the Syrian government are coordinating an aid program which, in two phases, mainly addresses main problems such as poor housing, poverty, unemployment, widespread leishmaniasis, drug addiction and limited opportunities for personal development should fight. In the first phase of this program in 2009 around 1,500 people (300 families) were able to move into new residential units in the nearby, unofficial camp Ein el-Tal .  

The village of Nayrab was incorporated into Aleppo after the urban expansion of Aleppo.

Agriculture

Various types of vegetables are grown in Nayrab , including cucumber . A popular cultivation product are the Aljori roses (Arabic:ورد جوري, ward juri ), varieties of Damascus rose that are exported on a large scale and used in the manufacture of perfumes, medicines, foods and syrups. Olives and pistachios are also grown in Nayrab .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia . Keyword: ARAM-NAHARAIM , accessed on January 3, 2010
2. ↑ Gaston Maspero: History of Egypt, Chaldea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria . (English version), Volume IV, Part B: Syria at the Beginning of the Egyptian Conquest , London undated , accessed on January 3, 2010
3. ↑ Horst Klengel: History of Syria in the 2nd millennium BC Edition 40, part 3, Berlin 1970, p. 128
4. ↑ M. Nicolas Grimal: COURS ET SÉMINAIRE: Les Egyptiens et la geographie du monde. ( Memento of the original from October 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF, 433kB) accessed on January 5, 2010 
5. ^ Emil Gottlieb Heinrich Kraeling: Aram and Isarael or the Aramaeans in Syria and Mesopotamia. New York 1916, p. 54
6. ↑ Illustration and discussion of the tombstones for the priests Sin-zer-ibni and Si'gabbar from Nerab (Nayrab) , doc-file, 5.5 MB, accessed on January 4, 2010
7. ↑ Stele des Sin-zer-ibni in the Louvre  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 4, 2010  
8. ↑ Stele des Si'gabbar in the Louvre  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 4, 2010  
9. ^ Aramaic Origin of Modern Hebrew Letters in: Jewish Encyclopedia . Keyword ALPHABET, THE HEBREW , accessed on January 3, 2010
10. ^ Georg Hoffmann: Aramaic inscriptions from Nêrab near Aleppo. New and old gods. In: Journal for Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology. Volume 11, Issue 1, 1896, pp. 207-292
11. ↑ Real Lexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology, keyword Province C. Arpadda . (PDF, 5.4MB) accessed on January 6, 2010
12. ↑ Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Aräologie, p. 633. ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF, 303kB) accessed on January 6, 2010 
13. ↑ Seth L. Sanders (Ed.): Margin of Writings, Origin of Cultures . Chicago 2006, pp. 197f. (PDF, 6.17MB) accessed on January 13, 2010
14. ↑ Karel van Lerberghe (Ed.): Immigration and emigration within the ancient Near East: Festschrift E. Lipiński , Leuven 1995, p. 374
15. ↑ Location of the Nayrab refugee camp in GoogleMaps
16. ↑ ^{a b} Report of UNRWA , accessed on January 4, 2010
17. ↑ UNRWA report ( Memento of January 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 4, 2010
18. ↑ Report by the Emirates News Agency , accessed January 4, 2010
19. ↑ UNRWA report , accessed January 6, 2010
20. ↑ UNRWA report on the Ein eL-Tal camp , accessed on January 6, 2010
21. ^ Location of the refugee camp Ein el-Tal in GoogleMaps