Neithart Fuchs

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Title page of the Schwankbuch Neidhart Fuchs , 1566

Neithart Fuchs is the title of a late medieval Schwankbuch by the author of the same name. It appeared between 1491 and 1566 in three South German print editions with woodcuts.

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The Schwankbuch contains a “life story in songs” that is based on the figure of the minstrel Neidhart , who was stylized as a proverbial peasant hater with numerous comical and obscene Schwanker stories in the 13th to 15th centuries . The Schwankbuch names its protagonist Neithart Fuchs and makes him the "funny advice" of Duke Otto the Happy of Austria (1301-1339) and "colleague" of the pastor of Kahlenberg, who is generally considered to be historical. It is therefore possible that there was a Neidhart successor at the Viennese court in the 14th century, who slipped into the role of the songwriter Neidhart and possibly belonged to the authors and disseminators of the Neidhart songs.

The "story" of this figure was put together by an unknown author from real songs by Neidhart, more recent songs in the Neidhart style and twelve Neidhart cocks. The focus of the Schwankbuch is the so-called Veilchenschwank , which is the reason for Neithart Fuchs' hostility to farmers. The knight plays one wicked trick after the other on the peasants in order to punish them for their alleged pride and to keep them involved in the feudalist social order. The central concern of the histories is to accentuate the social conflict situation. They act as a substitute for the adventures of the knights from the courtly era.

Neithart's Schwänke is also passed down in a wide-ranging pictorial tradition: the prints are illustrated with numerous woodcuts, and there are also scenes of Schwank in reliefs at Albrechtsburg Castle in Meißen and in frescoes in Vienna (Tuchlauben 19), in Dießenhofen, Winterthur and in Trautson Castle near Innsbruck (today kept in Sprechenstein Castle near Sterzing / Vitipeno).

Neithart grave

The two sides of the Neithart grave, which is attached to the outer facade of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, also show reliefs, but they are badly damaged. The grave was opened on April 11, 2000 and examined by a commission consisting of archaeologists, anthropologists, art historians and literary scholars. They found “bones of two males: one probably lived between 1110 and 1260 and reached an age of 45 to 55 years, the other is assigned to the 14th century and died between the ages of 35 and 45 years. In view of these data it would be conceivable - as some researchers have suggested - to see the remains of the song writer Neidhart and the peasant enemy Neithart Fuchs in the remains ”.

Text output

  • Erhard Jöst (ed.): The histories of Neithart Fuchs. After the Frankfurter Druck v. 1566 . Göppingen, 1980
  • Felix Bobertag (Ed.): Book of Fools. The pastor from Kalenberg. Peter Leu. Neithart Fuchs. Salomon and Markolf. Brother Rausch, Darmstadt 1964. Unchanged reprint of the edition Berlin and Stuttgart 1884 (= German National Literature, 11th volume)

literature

  • Erhard Jöst: hostility towards farmers. The histories of the knight Neithart Fuchs . Göppingen 1976 (= Göppingen theses on German studies no.192)
  • Petra Herrmann: Carnival-like structures in the Neidhart tradition . Göppingen 1984 (= Göppingen theses on German studies No. 406)
  • Jörn Bockmann: Translatio Neidhardi. Investigations into the constitution of figure identity in the Neidhart tradition . Frankfurt a. M. 2001 (= microcosm. Contributions to literary studies and meaning research, volume 61)
  • Erhard Jöst: The Vienna Neithart grave. Trying to solve a legend . In: Wiener Geschichtsblätter Heft 3/2000, pp. 234–241
  • Erhard Jöst: The Austrian Schwankbuch of the late Middle Ages . In: The Austrian literature. Your profile from the beginnings in the Middle Ages to the 18th century (1050–1750). Edited by Herbert Zeman , Graz 1986, pp. 399-426
  • Gertrud Blaschitz (ed.): Neidhart reception in words and pictures . Krems 2000 (= Medium Quotidianum, special volume X)
  • Erhard Jöst: The Schwankbuch Neithart Fuchs . In: Margarethe Springeth, Franz Viktor Spechtler (ed.): Neidhart and the Neidhart songs. A manual . De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2018, ISBN 978-3-11-033393-0 (accessed via De Gruyter Online), pp. 337–351 doi : 10.1515 / 9783110334067-020 (subject to a charge)
  • Elisabeth Vavra: On Neidhart Iconography . In: Margarethe Springeth, Franz Viktor Spechtler (ed.): Neidhart and the Neidhart songs. A manual . De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2018, ISBN 978-3-11-033393-0 (accessed from De Gruyter Online), pp. 375-390 doi : 10.1515 / 9783110334067-022 (subject to a charge)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jöst 2018, pp. 339f.