Nest beetle
| Nest beetle | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cholevinae | ||||||||||||
| William Kirby , 1837 |
The nest beetles (Cholevinae) form a subfamily in the family of the Leiodidae , which are also referred to as sponge ball beetles in the broader sense. The nest beetles are by far the most species-rich group within the Leiodidae. Many species inhabit the nests of mammals , which is what gave them their German name.
features
The nest beetles are very small to medium-sized beetles that reach a length of 0.8 to 9 millimeters. They usually have an oval body and are brown or gray to black in color. The antennas are eleven-segmented, the eighth antenna segment is always smaller than the seventh and ninth. The last links of the antennae form a club. With a few exceptions, the nest beetles offer a relatively uniform appearance on the outside. It is often difficult to distinguish the individual species, for example in the shape of the antennae, the pronotum or the genital organs.
distribution
The types of the subfamily are represented on all continents with the exception of Antarctica . However, the main distribution area is in the western Palearctic . Many beetles from this subfamily are endemic to a small range , e.g. B. the Segeberger cave beetle , which is only known from the Kalkberg cave of Bad Segeberg in Schleswig-Holstein .
Way of life
Many species are roommates of mammalian nests and underground structures, including the species of the genus Choleva . Others are specialized cave dwellers . The majority of the species live on the ground, in the leaves or in the litter, but also on carrion , where they probably mainly feed on fungal spores. The proximity to the rotting animal carcasses was also the reason why the group was counted among the carrion beetles (Silphidae) until the first half of the 20th century .
Tribe
The subfamily of nest beetles currently comprises more than 325 genera and subgenera and is currently divided into seven tribes:
- Anemadini tribe
- Subtribus Anemadina
- Subtribus Eocatopina
- Subtribus Eunemadina
- Subtribus Nemadina
- Subtribus Paracatopina
- Tribe Cholevini
- Tribe Eucatopini
- Tribe Leptodirini
- Subtribus Anthroherponina (28 genera)
- Anthroherpon
- Hadesia Müller 1911
- Subtribus Bathysciina (22 genera)
- Subtribus Bathysciotina (12 genera)
- Subtribus Leptodirina (31 genera)
- Subtribus Pholeuina (100 species)
- Subtribus Platycholeina (1 species)
- Subtribus Spelaeobatina (2 genera)
- Subtribus Anthroherponina (28 genera)
- Tribe Oritocatipini
- Afrocatops (7 species)
- Chappuisiotes (1 kind)
- Oritocatops (11 species)
- Tribe Ptomaphagini
- Baryodirina subtribe
- Baryodirus (1 species)
- Subtribus Ptomaphagina
- Acrotrychiopsis (1 species)
- Adelopsis (64 species)
- Amplexella (2 species)
- Excelsiorella (1 species)
- Parapaulipalpina (3 species)
- Paulipalpina (8 species)
- Peckena (1 species)
- Ptomaphagus (7 species)
- Ptomaphaginine subtribe
- Pandania (2 species)
- Proptomaphaginus (6 species)
- Ptomaphaginus (83 species)
- Ptomaphaminus (22 species)
- Baryodirina subtribe
- Tribe Sciaphyini (1 species)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Achille Casale, Giuseppe Grafitti & Leonardo Latella: The Cholevidae (Coleoptera) of Sardinia. In: P. Cerretti, F. Mason, A. Minelli, G. Nardi & D. Whitmore (Eds.): Research on the Terrestrial Arthropods of Sardinia (Italy). Zootaxa, 2318, pp. 1–602, 2009, p. 291 (PDF; 752 kB)
- ^ Achille Casale, Giuseppe Grafitti & Leonardo Latella: The Cholevidae (Coleoptera) of Sardinia. In: P. Cerretti, F. Mason, A. Minelli, G. Nardi & D. Whitmore (Eds.): Research on the Terrestrial Arthropods of Sardinia (Italy). Zootaxa, 2318, pp. 1–602, 2009, p. 290 (PDF; 752 kB)
- ↑ M. Perreau: Leiodidae. In: I. Löbl & A. Smetana (Eds.): Catalog of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 2. Hydrophiloidea - Histeroidea - Staphylinoidea. Pp. 133-203, Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2008
