New construction locomotive
The new- build locomotives are the class 10 , class 23 , class 65 , class 66 and class 82 steam locomotives built for the Deutsche Bundesbahn as well as the class 23.10 , class 25.10 , class 50.40 , class 65.10 , class 83.10 , class steam locomotives built for the Deutsche Reichsbahn 99.23–24 and series 99.77–79 .
This choice of terms distinguishes the new designs of the two German post-war railways from the standard locomotives designed at the time of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG) . The main differences between the new builds and the earlier standard locomotives are the fully welded sheet metal frame (made of heavy plate ) instead of the bar frame and the also fully welded, more powerful steam boiler with greater emphasis on the radiant heating surface and predominantly the use of a combustion chamber .
New locomotives for the Deutsche Bundesbahn
The new locomotives of the Deutsche Bundesbahn were also referred to as standard locomotives in 1950. Its construction was significantly influenced by Friedrich Witte , the responsible department head at the Federal Railway Central Office in Minden, who is therefore also known as the “father of new locomotives”.
The boilers of these locomotives were designed for a permanent heating surface load of 70 kg of evaporated water per m² heating surface and hour, for a short time up to 85 kg / m²h (for comparison: a heating surface load of 57 kg / m²h was assumed for the standard locomotives of the DRG) . The superheaters were designed in such a way that steam temperatures of over 400 ° C can be reached permanently. On the other hand, the grate surfaces were just dimensioned in order to limit the combustion losses during downtimes. In the interests of good burning of the coals in the fire bed, even in the event of operating errors or poorer coal quality, in addition to an ample supply of air at the bottom ring of the standing boiler, attention was paid to a more powerful blowpipe effect and thus better fire fanning than with the older standard locomotives. Not least for the purpose of operating auxiliary machines such as air and feed pumps with superheated steam, attempts were made to use superheated steam controllers instead of the tried and tested wet steam controller.
When it came to running the locomotives, efforts were made to use rolling bearings instead of plain bearings . Great importance was attached to high reversing speeds of the vehicles (e.g. in the 23 series), as well as good working conditions for the locomotive personnel thanks to driver's cabs that are closed on all sides with upholstered seats, display instruments being grouped into consoles, etc.
Visually, the new DB locomotives differed from the older standard locomotives in their shiny silver boiler cladding straps, the arrangement of the sandboxes on both sides of the boiler at the height of the circulation instead of on the boiler crest, and the overall calmer lines.
New locomotives for the Deutsche Reichsbahn
In the new construction locomotives of the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the GDR, the boilers were designed for a permanent evaporation capacity of around 65 to 75 kg / m²h. In contrast to the Bundesbahn, the grate areas on the Reichsbahn were generously dimensioned in order to be able to use lignite or lignite briquettes or mixtures of briquettes and hard coal as fuel that contain considerably less energy. The DR could not decide to install completely closed driver's cabs on locomotives with a tender and to convert the axle and rod bearings to roller bearings, the 23.10 series running axles were an exception.
literature
- Hans Müller, Andreas Stange, Jörg Wenkel: The first new steam locomotives for the Deutsche Reichsbahn. EK-Verlag, Freiburg, 2008, ISBN 978-3-88255-165-5
- Jürgen-Ulrich Ebel: Pulling power for the economic miracle. 1st edition. DGEG Medien, 2009, ISBN 978-3-937189-37-6
Individual evidence
- ^ Alfred Gottwaldt : Wittes new construction locomotives. The last steam locomotives of the Deutsche Bundesbahn and their creators 1949 to 1977 . EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2014. ISBN 978-3-88255-772-5
- ↑ Arge. for training aids on behalf of the main administration of the Deutsche Bundesbahn (ed.): Railway teaching library of the Deutsche Bundesbahn, Volume 134, Steam Locomotive Studies. 2nd Edition. Josef Keller, Starnberg 1959, p. 67 ff.
- ^ Karl-Ernst Maedel , Alfred B. Gottwaldt : German steam locomotives. The history of development. Transpress Verlag, Stuttgart 1994/1999, ISBN 3-344-70912-7 , p. 280.
- ^ Author collective Johannes Schwarze, Werner Deinert, Lothar Frase, Heinz Lange, Oskar Schmidt, Georg Thumstädter, Max Wilke: Die Dampflokomotive. Development, construction, mode of operation, operation and maintenance as well as locomotive damage and its elimination. Reprint of the 2nd edition. from 1965 by Transpress Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-344-70791-4 , p. 109.
- ^ Author collective Johannes Schwarze, Werner Deinert, Lothar Frase, Heinz Lange, Oskar Schmidt, Georg Thumstädter, Max Wilke: Die Dampflokomotive. Development, construction, mode of operation, operation and maintenance as well as locomotive damage and its elimination. Reprint of the 2nd edition. from 1965 by Transpress Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-344-70791-4 , pp. 101 f., 170 ff.