Nine arches

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Sphinx statuette of Thutmose III with the Pharaoh lying on the nine arches. Front of the statuette: All peoples praise [Pharaoh] as Rebus . basket
V30
- Everyone , Rechit- Vogel
G24
- Nations ,
star
N14
- praise . Side surfaces: Djed pillars as a symbol of dominance .

Nine arches , also nine arches or nine arch peoples , was an expression for the enemies of Egypt in ancient Egypt . The peoples counted to the Nine Arches changed constantly, depending on who was viewed by the Egyptians as the enemy in the respective period. An exact list of the nine bow peoples is not yet known. In depictions from different epochs, the nine bows differ in their clothing, as different peoples were the enemies of Egypt in each epoch. Primarily, however, it was generally used to designate the Near East or Nubians.

Representations

Representations of the Nine Arches can often be found on pieces of furniture, such as royal footstools or throne pedestals. This as a symbol that the king ( Pharaoh ) symbolically “trampled” his enemies.

  • Base depicting the nine arches from Karnak

  • Captured Kaphtor ;
    (Defeated Peoples, Temple of Ramses II of Abydos , 19th Dynasty)

  • Sphinx statuette of Thutmose III.

  • Base of a statue of Nectanebo II (30th Dynasty)
    All peoples praise the "perfect God" ("Netscher-nefer" / Nṯr-nfr)

  • Tutankhamun's golden throne with podium: bound prisoners. Front: Rechit-Vogel.

Pharaoh Djoser

A seated statue of Pharaoh Djoser (3rd Dynasty, Old Kingdom ) contains one of the earliest depictions of the Nine Arches. Djoser's feet are on the nine arches. In iconography , the Rechit bird often means “All peoples praise [...]”.

Tutankhamun's tomb

Knotted rope with a clay seal from the third, inner shrine from Tutankhamun's tomb

Various representations of the nine arches were found in Tutankhamun's tomb . The best known include the seals of the Theban necropolis in grave KV62 : This seal showed the god of death Anubis in his form as a jackal lying on the nine arches, which symbolizes the dominance of the god over the enemies of Egypt. Several of these seals were attached to the grave entrance plastered with clay, another sealed a knotted rope that closed the second inner shrine in the burial chamber. The latter contains the seal of the necropolis on the front of the clay seal, while Tutankhamun's name cartouche can be found on the top. The seal of the "city of the dead" was a sign of the integrity of a grave, which the responsible overseers of the necropolis had attached. However, this seal was attached by those responsible even after a grave was looted when it was re-locked.

In addition to the seals and pieces of furniture that symbolize “trampling on the enemy”, Tutankhamun's grave treasure contained several sandals with images of prisoners with the same meaning.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kevin A. Wilson: The Campaign of Pharaoh Shoshenq I into Palestine. Tübingen 2005, p. 61.
  2. ↑ TGH James , Araldo De Luca, Valeria Manferto (ed.): Tutankhamun. The eternal splendor of the young Pharaoh. K. Müller, Cologne 2002, ISBN 88-8095-545-4 , pp. 50-51.
  3. ^ IES Edwards : Tutankhamun. His tomb and its treasures. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York NY 1976, ISBN 0-394-41170-6 (German edition: Tutankhamun. The grave and its treasures. Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1978, ISBN 3-7857-0211-6 ), exhibition catalog. Pp. 14-16.