Neuroectoderm
The neuroectoderm arises from the outer germ layer ( ectoderm ) during embryonic development .
From it develops over the neuroepithelium of the neural tube , the central , and the neural crest and the peripheral nervous system . The pigment cells also originate from the neuroectoderm, as do the secretory cells of the neuroendocrine glands , which are scattered across the body in various organs and tissues as the Diffuse Neuroendocrine System (DNES). These secretory cells produce neurotransmitters or hormones and are also known as APUD cells.
From a developmental point of view, the DNES consists of three groups:
- of neuroectodermal origin: hypothalamus , parathyroid , pituitary gland .
- originating in the neural crest : thyroid , adrenal medulla , melanoblasts of the skin, cells of the urogenital tract that release serotonin .
- Cells of controversial origin are the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas .
Neuroectodermal tumors
Malignant tumors can also derive from the neuroectoderm . These include, for example, Ewing's sarcoma , which can be viewed as a peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, as well as primitive neuroectodermal tumors in the central nervous system such as medulloblastoma.
Individual evidence
- ^ Lotz-Havla, Amelie .: Short textbook pediatrics . Elsevier, Urban et Fischer, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-437-43245-3 .