New Jewel Movement
New Jewel Movement ( NJM ) was a political movement in Grenada .
1972 by was Union Whiteman and Selwyn Strachan , the Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation (JEWEL) ( Joint effort for Welfare, Education and Liberation ), founded a few months later founded lawyer Maurice Bishop and Kenrick Radix in St. George's , the Movement for Assemblies of the People (MAP) . From these two went on 11. March 1973 the NJM forth. The NJM was led by Maurice Bishop and emerged from the grassroots movement , but was also strongly influenced by Marxism .
The NJM represented the opposition force in Grenada, the country was led by the Grenada United Labor Party under Sir Eric Gairy . Gairy led the country to independence in 1974. The political situation was marked by instability and conflict between supporters of both groups.
While Gairy was at the UN in New York , reporting on UFOs , the NJM took power on March 13, 1979 in an almost non-violent revolution .
The character of the movement can be classified as socialist , property has been expropriated in some cases. The NJM was a member of the Socialist International .
With his close ties to Cuba, Bishop quickly met with suspicion in the USA , but his pragmatic policy of non-alignment also met with resistance from members of his own party. These wanted to orient the NJM more closely to the Soviet Union and Cuba. 1977 in 1976 founded Jamaica returned Professor of International Law and Economics Bernard Coard within the NJM the left circle Training Organization for revolution, Education and Liberation (OREL) ( Organization for Revolution, education and liberation ). Coard, who was not as popular with the population as Bishop, gathered influential members of the NJM in the OREL; so the Deputy Secretary of Defense Ewart Layne and Major Leon Cornwall and his wife Phyllis Coard , President of the Women's Association. He maintained close contact with various communist parties in the region. In 1982 Coard resigned from the Central Committee on the charge that it would no longer meet its revolutionary goals.
In a coup d'état in October 1983 , Bishop was overthrown by members of the left wing under Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Trade and Planning Bernard Coard and imprisoned with other party members. When there were demonstrations in the population against the arrest of Bishop, these were violently ended and around 100 people were shot. On October 19, 1983, Bishop, Secretary of State Whiteman and Minister of Health Creft, among others, were finally executed even though they had surrendered. In the NJM, with the help of the military, the Stalinist wing gained the upper hand. The US government used this upheaval as an opportunity for an invasion called " Operation Urgent Fury " . As part of this action, the NJM was overthrown and disbanded.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Representation at spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk
- ^ Thomas M. Leonard: Encyclopedia of the Developing World. Psychology Press, 2005, p. 180
- ↑ Grenada , entry on Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed November 30, 2014
- ↑ Article on the history of Grenada in the Encyclopaedia Britannica
- ↑ Avanti 2003: http://www.rsb4.de/adi2003/avanti1103/20jahre-konterrevolution-grenada.htm - 20 years of counterrevolution in Grenada