Nitrophoska

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Nitrophoska is the brand name of the world's first homogeneous complete fertilizer , which was brought onto the market by BASF in 1927 . In Russia and some countries of the former Soviet Union , Nitrophoska is synonymous with the entire product class.

The name is derived from the three main components nitrogen (lat. Nitrogenium), phosphate and potassium . In addition, many Nitrophoska varieties now also contain sulfur and magnesium as well as other trace elements.

Until the introduction of Nitrophoska, complex fertilizers were made by mechanical mixing of single fertilizers, e.g. B. superphosphate , ammonium sulfate and potassium chloride are produced. However, such mixed fertilizers tend to separate and can hardly be spread evenly. Since the nutrients also form chemical compounds in Nitrophoska, segregation is ruled out and higher nutrient contents can be achieved. The same quantities of nutrients can be transported, stored and applied in one operation with less goods.

Manufacturing

Nitrophoska is manufactured using the nitrophosphate process (also known as the Odda process ). The raw phosphate that is not available to plants is digested with nitric acid (equation 1).

(1) Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F + 10 HNO 3 → 3 H 3 PO 4 + 5 Ca (NO 3 ) 2 + HF ↑

Calcium nitrate crystallizes out through strong cooling and is partially separated off with centrifuges . The solution rich in phosphoric acid is neutralized (equation 2).

(2) 3 H 3 PO 4 + 2 Ca (NO 3 ) 2 + 5 NH 3 → 2 CaHPO 4 + (NH 4 ) H 2 PO 4 + 4 NH 4 NO 3

Then the neutral solution is adjusted to the desired nutrient content by adding nitrogen and potassium salts and granulated. The added salts dissolve in the mash before granulation , creating a homogeneous product . After the addition of carbon dioxide, the separated calcium nitrate is processed into the straight nitrogen fertilizer, calcium ammonium nitrate . In contrast to other processes, the nitrophosphate process does not generate any waste such as B. plaster of paris .

literature

  • Wilhelm Werner: A contribution to the knowledge of the mixed fertilizer "Nitrophoska" , in: Journal for plant nutrition, fertilization, soil science , 9 (22–24), pages 339–360; doi: 10.1002 / jpln.19300092203
  • K. Rackmann: About the effect of Nitrophoska (calcareous) in container and field tests , in: Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernahrung, Düngung, Bodenkunde , 13 (7), pp. 293–307; doi: 10.1002 / jpln.19340130704

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ChemgaPedia: Mineral fertilization