Nocardiaceae
| Nocardiaceae | ||||||||||||
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Colonies of Nocardia asteroides |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Nocardiaceae | ||||||||||||
| Castellani & Chalmers 1919 |
The Nocardiaceae form a family within the Actinobacteria , which includes the genera Nocardia , Rhodococcus and Smaragdicoccus . All representatives of the formerly Nocardiaceae, now disbanded genus Micropolyspora can now be found in the genus Nocardia .
The bacteria often occur in the soil, some Rhodococcus - species are also found in the gut of some insects. The genus Smaragdicoccus with the only species Smaragdicoccus niigatensis Adachi et al. was discovered in February 2007 and assigned to the Nocardiaceae.
features
The bacterial genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus require oxygen. They cannot tolerate small amounts or the complete exclusion of oxygen, which is why they are referred to as obligatory aerobic . All species are immobile. They react positively to the catalase test, they produce the enzyme catalase. Since they are not capable of photosynthesis , they are fed chemoorganotrophically through a respiratory metabolism.
They usually form branched mycelial threads , which in older cultures often break apart with the formation of cocci and rod-shaped cells. Sometimes air spores are formed .
The species include economically relevant species as well as some pathogens.
Systematics
External system
The Nocardiaceae are placed together with the families Corynebacteriaceae , Dietziaceae , Mycobacteriaceae , Segniliparaceae and Tsukamurellaceae to the suborder Corynebacterineae . In other sources the families Williamsiaceae and Gordoniaceae are also listed. Since 1999, several new types of bacteria have been discovered that have been assigned to the newly described genus Williamsia in the new Williamsiaceae family. According to the valid systematics of bacteria , however, this genus belongs to the Nocardiaceae family. The Gordoniaceae and Nocardiaceae families were combined to form the expanded Nocardiaceae family in 2009.
Internal system
Nocardia is the type genus of the Nocardiaceae family. The following genera are assigned to the Nocardiaceae:
- Gordonia (ex Tsukamura 1971) Stackebrandt et al. 1989
- Millisia Soddell, et al. 2006
- Nocardia Trevisan 1889
- Rhodococcus plait 1891
- Skermania Chun et al. 1997
- Smaragdicoccus Adachi et al. 2007
- Williamsia fighter et al. 1999
Some types of Nocardia with the type species Nocardia asteroides (Eppinger 1891) Blanchard 1896 :
- Nocardia abscessus Yassin et al. 2000
- Nocardia araoensis Kageyama et al. 2004
- Nocardia brasiliensis (Lindenberg 1909) Pinoy 1913
- Nocardia brevicatena (Lechevalier et al. 1961) Goodfellow and Pirouz 1982
- Nocardia concava Kageyama et al. 2005
- Nocardia elegans Yassin and Brenner 2005
- Nocardia inohanensis Kageyama et al. 2004
- Nocardia paucivorans Yassin et al. 2000
- Nocardia terpenica Hoshino et al. 2007
And a selection of species of the genus Rhodococcus with the type species Rhodococcus rhodochrous (Zopf 1891) Tsukamura 1974 :
- Rhodococcus aetherivorans Goodfellow et al. 2004
- Rhodococcus baikonurensis Li et al. 2004
- Rhodococcus corynebacterioides ( Serrano et al. 1972) Yassin and Schaal 2005
- Rhodococcus percolatus Briglia et al. 1996
- Rhodococcus triatomae Yassin 2005
Some synonyms and changes
The species of Micropolyspora Lechevalier et al. 1961 were placed in the genus Nocardia . Many species of Rhodococcus have been moved, e.g. B. Rhodococcus aichiensis , Rhodococcus bronchialis , Rhodococcus chubuensis (now Gordonia sputi ), Rhodococcus rubropertinctus, and others in the genus Gordonia . Representatives of Nocardia were also transferred to other genera. So Nocardia sulphurea now synonymous with Amycolatopsis sulphurea and Nocardia amarae for amarae Gordonia .
swell
literature
- Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow , Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer , Erko Stackebrandt (eds.): The Prokaryotes. A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria . 3. Edition. tape 3 : Archaea. Bacteria: Firmicutes, Actinomycetes . Springer-Verlag, New York 2006, ISBN 0-387-30743-5 , doi : 10.1007 / 0-387-30743-5 .
- Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock - Microbiology. 11th edition. Pearson Studium, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8274-0566-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ K. Adachi, A. Katsuta et al. a .: Smaragdicoccus niigatensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the suborder Corynebacterineae. In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. Volume 57, No. 2, February 2007, pp. 297-301, ISSN 1466-5026 . doi: 10.1099 / ijs.0.64254-0 . PMID 17267967 .
- ^ Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Phylum "Actinobacteria". In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved December 19, 2013 .
- ↑ Taxonomy Browser Corynebacterineae. In: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website . Retrieved December 23, 2013 .
- ↑ a b XY Zhi, WJ Li, E. Stackebrandt: An update of the structure and 16S rRNA gene sequence-based definition of higher ranks of the class Actinobacteria, with the proposal of two new suborders and four new families and emended descriptions of the existing higher taxa. In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. Volume 59, No. 3, March 2009, pp. 589-608, ISSN 1466-5026 . doi: 10.1099 / ijs.0.65780-0 . PMID 19244447 .
- ↑ a b Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Part: Family Nocardiaceae. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved April 4, 2019 .
