Noctiluca scintillans

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Noctiluca scintillans
Noctiluca scintillans unica.jpg

Noctiluca scintillans

Systematics
without rank: Alveolata
without rank: Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata)
Order : Noctilucales
Family : Noctilucaceae
Genre : Noctiluca
Type : Noctiluca scintillans
Scientific name of the  family
Noctilucaceae
Kent , 1881
Scientific name of the  genus
Noctiluca
Suriray , 1836
Scientific name of the  species
Noctiluca scintillans
( Macartney ) Kofoid & Swezy , 1921

Noctiluca scintillans , Syn .: Noctiluca miliaris , Germancalled marine luminous animals ,is a free-living, non- parasitic marine dinoflagellate thatis capable of bioluminescence . It is the only species of the monotypical genus Noctiluca as well as the family Noctilucaceae.

features

Noctiluca scintillans is not a typical dinoflagellate. Due to massive vacuolization of the cell plasma, its cell can swell to sizes between 200 µm and 2 mm in diameter and is then round to bean-shaped. The species has no theka .

Noctiluca scintillans has a ventral furrow with a flagellum . The scourge does not propel the cell. The unicellular organism can only move by adapting its static buoyancy in the water. So it can slowly rise or fall. In addition, Noctiluca scintillans has a "tooth" formation of the cell wall and a tentacle used to catch prey. At least one study has shown that a strand of sticky mucus is ejected from the tentacle, on which food particles then stick.

The bioluminescence is generated in many very small, round organelles . Non-luminous strains do not have these "scintillions".

Way of life

Noctiluca scintillans is heterotrophic and ingests the food particles by phagocytosis . The prey generally consists of plankton , including diatoms , dinoflagellates, bacteria and also fish eggs. The robust shells of the diatoms are clearly visible in the vacuoles of the almost transparent cell of Noctiluca scintillans and can still be determined after eating.

Noctiluca scintillans is found in all oceans, often along the coasts and in estuaries , areas that allow the phototrophic prey to grow rapidly due to high nutrient concentrations. In Noctiluca scintillans , too, high concentrations of this food source lead to mass reproduction and the formation of algal blooms . Noctiluca scintillans by itself is not toxic, but it can release large amounts of ammonium , which is dangerous to fish.

nomenclature

Noctiluca scintillans was described by Macartney in 1810 under the name Medusa scintillans . At that time the single cell was still considered a small jellyfish. Slabber had already referred to it as Medusa marina in 1778 and depicted it on a blackboard in his book on microscopy. However, Slabber's naming did not correspond to the intentions of Linnaeus' binomial nomenclature . In 1816, Jean Baptiste Lamarck used the name Noctiluca miliaris from a Suriray manuscript for its depiction in Animaux sans vertebres . Since then, the dinoflagellate has mostly been referred to as Noctiluca miliaris . Only Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg recognized Macartney's priority in 1834 in his book The Shine of the Sea . In 1921 Kofoid and Sweze published a new description of Noctiluca scintillans and a compilation of all synonyms, from which the priority of the species name scintillans also emerged . Noctiluca miliaris was still preferred to the little-known name Noctiluca scintillans . It was not until Taylor's suggestion, published in 1976, to recognize the priority of the epithet scintillans despite all the problems , that this is slowly gaining acceptance.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ J. Macartney: Observations upon Luminous Animals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, pp. 258–293, 1810, pp. 264–65 ( online , English)
  2. ↑ M. Slabber, M. (1778). Naturally documented losses, taxing microscopes waarneemingen van in en uitlandse water en land dieren. J. Bosch, Haarlem 1778, pl. 8, figs. 4–5, zee-kwal ( picture )
  3. ↑ CA Kofoid & O. Swezy: The free-living unarmored Dinoflagellata. Memoirs of the University of California, 5, pp. 1–562, 1921 ( online , English)
  4. ^ FJR Taylor: Dinoflagellates from the International Indian Ocean Expedition. A report on material collected by the RV "Anton Bruun" 1963-1964. Bibl. Bot. 132, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1976
  5. ↑ Noctiluca scintillans in the Marine Species Identification Portal (see: Remarks )

literature

  • Roger Eckert, George T. Reynolds: The Subcellular Origin of Bioluminescence in Noctiluca miliaris. In: Journal of General Physiology . Vol. 50, No. 5, 1967, pp. 1429-1458, doi : 10.1085 / jgp.50.5.1429 .
  • Malte Elbrächter, YZ Qi: Aspects of Noctiluca (Dinophyceae) Population Dynamics. In: Donald M. Anderson, Allan D. Cembella, Gustaaf M. Hallegraeff (Eds.): Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms (= NATO ASI Series. Series G: Ecological Sciences. 41). Springer, Berlin et al. 1998, ISBN 3-540-64117-3 , pp. 315-335.
  • Serena Fonda Umani, Alfred Beran, Stefania Parlato, D. Virgilio, T. Zollet, Alessandra De Olazabal, B. Lazzarini, Marina Cabrini: Noctiluca scintillans MACARTNEY in the Northern Adriatic Sea: long-term dynamics, relationships with temperature and eutrophication, and role in the food web. In: Journal of Plankton Research. Vol. 26, No. 5, 2004, pp. 545-561, doi : 10.1093 / plankt / fbh045 .
  • Klaus Hausmann, Norbert Hülsmann, Renate Radek: Protistology. 3., completely revised edition. Schweizerbart, Berlin et al. 2003, ISBN 3-510-65208-8 .
  • Thomas Kiørboe, Josefin Titelman: Feeding, prey selection and prey encounter mechanisms in the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans. In: Journal of Plankton Research. Vol. 20, No. 8, 1998, pp. 1615-1636, doi : 10.1093 / plankt / 20.8.1615 .
  • Guy Lenaers, Christopher Scholin, Yvonne Bhaud, Danielle Saint-Hilaire, Michel Herzog: A molecular phylogeny of dinoflagellate protists (Pyrrhophyta) inferred from the sequence of 24S rRNA divergent domains D1 and D8. In: Journal of Molecular Evolution. Vol. 32, No. 1, 1991, pp. 53-63, doi : 10.1007 / BF02099929 .
  • Shauna Murray, Mårten Flø Jørgensen, Simon YW Ho, David J. Patterson, Lars S. Jermiin: Improving the Analysis of Dinoflagellate Phylogeny based on rDNA. In: Protist. Vol. 156, No. 3, 2005, pp. 269-286, doi : 10.1016 / j.protis.2005.05.003 .
  • Jefferey D. Palmer: The Symbiotic Birth and Spread of Plastids: How Many Times and Whodunit? In: Journal of Phycology. Vol. 39, No. 1, 2003, pp. 4-11, doi : 10.1046 / j.1529-8817.2003.02185.x .
  • Kuninao Tada, Santiwat Pithakpol, Rumiko Yano, Shigeru Montani: Carbon and nitrogen content of Noctiluca scintillans in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. In: Journal of Plankton Research. Vol. 22, No. 6, 2000, pp. 1203-1211, doi : 10.1093 / plankt / 22.6.1203 .

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