NorGer
NorGer is a planned high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission through the North Sea between Norway and Germany , the other is called NordLink . NorGer KS , which is responsible for project planning, construction and operation, is based in Norway and is owned by the Norwegian transmission system operator Statnett SF . The project is currently dormant; However, it was not canceled.
The project
| Cable length: | approx. 600 km |
| Capacity: | 1400 MW |
| Construction time: | about 3 years |
| Estimated costs: | 1.4 billion euros (can vary by ± 30%) |
| Tension: | ± 450 to ± 500 kV |
| Cable weight: | 35 kg / m |
| Cable diameter: | approx. 11 cm |
| Maximum sea depth of the route: | 410 m |
| Installation: | ? |
| Expected service life: | about 40 years |
| Power loss in the cable: | approx. 5% |
NorGer KS plans to build a high-voltage direct current transmission between Germany and Norway for the exchange of electrical energy through the North Sea. The goal is to connect the Norwegian and German power supply networks . To do this, NorGer is laying a 570 km long high-voltage cable on the bottom of the North Sea. The cable will be able to transmit an output of 1400 MW .
The submarine cable is to come ashore on the North Sea coast of Lower Saxony near Butjadingen . From there it will be moved to Moorriem near Elsfleth, 50 km away . A converter station is being built there for coupling to the German high-voltage network . In Norway, the cable will land in the Flekkefjord area and the electricity will be carried over a 70 km overhead line to Tonstad in the municipality of Sirdal . A converter station for coupling to the Norwegian high-voltage network is being built.
The submarine cable will lie on the Norwegian, Danish and German continental shelf . An HVDC submarine cable NorNed of the same design with a capacity of 700 MW has been in operation between Norway and the Netherlands since 2008.
Commissioning was initially planned for 2015 and was postponed in 2012 to 2020 or later. As of 2017, the project has been suspended, but has not been canceled.
Laying method
The cable is being laid on the seabed by a special cable-laying ship . A hydraulic plow digs a trench on the seabed, in which the cable is buried and covered with the excavated material. In areas with a stone seabed, the cable can be protected by sinking stones. The exact cable route is determined by extensive mapping of the sea floor along the probable cable route.
power
The maximum possible power to be transmitted is 1400 MW and can optionally be transmitted in one of the two possible directions. The direct current cable is operated with a bipolar operating voltage of ± 450 kV to ± 500 kV. Due to the bipolar design, the disadvantages of a back electrode with grounding in the sea, which results in the unwanted generation of chlorine compounds and metal corrosion of the electrodes, are avoided. At least two high-voltage cables must be laid for this.
Since the power supply in Germany and Norway is based on alternating current , converter stations have to be built in both countries to rectify the alternating current and convert it into direct current, which is transmitted through the cable. Each converter station requires an area of approx. 250,000 m².
A cable riser is built at the transition from the cable to the overhead line.
Electricity trading
The capacity of the cable is available to all traders in the Nordic electricity exchange system NordPool and the EEX energy exchange through an "implicit auction process". An implicit auction is electricity trading between two electricity markets such as EEX and NordPool. This market coupling is to be guaranteed by the new European Market Coupling Company (EMCC) with the joint allocation of electricity supplies and cross-border transmission rights.
The plant can transport roughly the same power as a block of a nuclear power plant. The legal framework for such a project is regulated by an EU regulation (EU regulation 1228/2003 on network access conditions for cross-border electricity trading). The competent authority is the Federal Network Agency . With an exception permit, the system can be exempted from regulations on network connection and network access and receive financial benefits. The exemption was granted on November 25, 2010.
Framework
Extensive public relations work was carried out for the project . Media of national importance reported on it, including Deutschlandfunk and ARD . On September 20, 2010, the ARD magazine Report Mainz reported that the installation of the system was impossible due to the lack of a legal basis. This is "blocked" by the "nuclear lobby", which is fighting "against renewable energies".
“In order to be able to connect the submarine cable to the German network”, a “simple regulation” is missing, which can only be made possible by changing the power plant network connection regulation (KrafNAV). In a statement, Federal Economics Minister Rainer Brüderle replied that there is no legal uncertainty because this is regulated in an EU regulation (EU regulation 1228/2003) and NorGer KS has already submitted an application to the responsible authority (Federal Network Agency).
The special approval granted by the Federal Network Agency on November 25th recognizes NorGer KS as a transmission system operator and expressly guarantees non-discriminatory market access. NorGer KS specified to SWR and ZDF that "reliability" within the framework of the KraftNAV was desired for further future projects. The Federal Ministry of Economics announced that changes to the legal framework are "being examined".
At the beginning of April 2011, NorGer KS waived the granted exemption due to concerns on the part of the EU Commission. The authority of the EU Energy Commissioner Günther Oettinger criticized that the two sister projects ( NorNed and NordLink ) had not received a special permit and that the Norwegian authorities had not yet given their approval.
In August 2011 Statnett announced the results of a study on the network situation in southern Norway. The power grid is already regularly reaching its capacity limit. An extension is therefore necessary before connecting further international routes. As a consequence, Statnett is merging the project management of NorGer and NordLink. In August 2011, the Norwegian energy companies Agder Energi AS and Lyse Produksjon AS and the Swiss EGL AG ( Elektrizitätsgesellschaft Laufenburg ) sold their company shares of 16.67% each to Statnett.
environment
Previous research shows that submarine HVDC cables have no known effects on marine animals. In the area of the converter station, the direct current is converted back into alternating current, which is then passed on to the nearest substation via an overhead line . The converter stations on land require space and generate noises that are similar to those of a substation and substation with similar power - however, the noise pollution in the converter transformers is higher due to the harmonics generated during the inverter . Here, 80–95 dB (A) inside the system and 45 dB (A) outside. This is important when choosing the location for the construction of the stations. The currently planned location is in an agricultural area on boggy ground and is to be sealed.
criticism
Resistance formed in August 2010 in the affected municipality of Moorriem against the converter station , which is necessary for coupling to the German high-voltage network. It was already criticized that NorGer KS provided the residents with information on the spatial planning procedure shortly before the deadline. Just like the project management of NorGer, the citizens' initiative Moorriem would like to have the converter station relocated as an industrial property to a more environmentally friendly location, namely near the Unterweser NPP .
Web links
- Statnett press release on NordLink and NorGer (September 9, 2010 / April 15, 2013)
- Information portal on the NorGer project and the planned Moorriem substation
Individual evidence
- ↑ Taz.de Date of the planned commissioning
- ^ FAZ of June 21, 2012, electricity exchange with Norway
- ↑ NordLink power cable: The laying in Norway has started - Source: https://www.shz.de/17458221 © 2018 . In: SHZ. August 1, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
- ↑ marketcoupling.com ( Memento of the original from March 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Federal Network Agency gives the green light for the first direct current connection line to Norway. Federal Network Agency , November 25, 2010, accessed on March 30, 2011 .
- ↑ Wired with Norwegian hydropower: Consortium NorGer presents plans. In: Deutschlandfunk . March 29, 2010, accessed March 30, 2011 .
- ↑ Green electricity in the dead end: How the federal government blocks clean electricity from Norway. In: ARD . September 20, 2010, accessed March 30, 2011 .
- ^ Answer from Federal Minister of Economics Rainer Brüderle (FDP). In: parliamentwatch.de . October 19, 2010, accessed March 30, 2011 .
- ↑ There is no fear of discrimination against NorGer. (No longer available online.) In: Presseschauer. March 30, 2011, archived from the original on June 9, 2011 ; Retrieved March 30, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Brüderle wants to examine framework conditions for North Sea power cables. In: SWR . March 22, 2011, accessed April 1, 2011 .
- ↑ Video heute journal: Germany: nuclear phase-out, but how? (March 31, 2011) in the ZDFmediathek , accessed on April 1, 2011. (offline)
- ↑ Setback for the North Sea power cable. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . April 11, 2011, accessed April 12, 2011 .
- ^ German network coupling under common management. (No longer available online.) August 23, 2011, archived from the original on November 26, 2011 ; Retrieved August 19, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ EGL sells its shares. (No longer available online.) August 26, 2011, formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 29, 2011 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Andrulewicz among others, The environmental effects of the installation and functioning of the submarine SwePol Link HVDC transmission line: a case study of the Polish Marine Area of the Baltic Sea. In: Journal of Sea Research. Volume 49, 2003, pp. 337-345, doi: 10.1016 / S1385-1101 (03) 00020-0 .
- ↑ Wired with Norwegian hydropower: Consortium NorGer presents plans , Environment and Consumers from March 29, 2011 on Deutschlandfunk
- ↑ No converter station for Moorriem , "Norger & Uw-Moorriem information portal"
