Nucleotidase
Nucleotidase (also: nucleotide phosphatase ) are called enzymes that the hydrolysis of a phosphate group (and so therefore dAMP, AMP, GMP, TMP etc.) of (deoxy) Ribonukleosidmonophosphaten the respective nucleoside catalyze . They occur in all living things. The reaction is part of the breakdown of the nucleotides .
-
+ H 2 O + P i 
There are several different nucleotidases that differ in the reaction mechanism. The hydrolysis of phosphates bound at the 5'-position is brought about by the 5'-nucleotidase ( EC 3.1.3.5 ), which has the greatest substrate scope . Correspondingly, the 3'-nucleotidase in bacteria facilitates the cleavage of a 3'-phosphate group from 3'-AMP, -GMP, -UMP and -CMP as well as 3'-dAMP and -dGMP ( EC 3.1.3.6 ); the phosphoadenylate 3'-nucleotidase also catalyzes the cleavage of the 3'-phosphate in PAP ( EC 3.1.3.7 ).
The following nucleotidases are known in humans:
| EC | Gene name | UniProt | Substrates | particularities |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.3.5 | NT5C1A | Q9BXI3 | AMP, CMP, GMP, IMP, TMP, UMP, XMP (deoxy weaker) | Skeletal muscles |
| 3.1.3.5 | NT5C1B | Q96P26 | AMP, CMP, GMP, IMP, TMP, UMP, XMP (deoxy weaker) | Testes, placenta, pancreas |
| 3.1.3.5 | NT5C2 | P49902 | AMP, GMP, IMP (weak: CMP, TMP, UMP, XMP) | |
| 3.1.3.5 | NT5C3A | Q9H0P0 | CMP, TMP, UMP | 4 isoforms; Reticulocytes, lymphocytes; Pathology: hereditary P5N deficiency, implicated in lead poisoning |
| 3.1.3.5 | NT5C3L | Q969T7 | AMP, CMP, GMP, IMP, TMP, UMP, XMP (deoxy weaker) | |
| 3.1.3.5 | NT5E | P21589 | AMP, CMP, GMP, IMP, TMP, UMP, XMP | CD73 , Pathology: Hereditary Joint and Arterial Calcification (CALJA) |
| 3.1.3.5 | ACPP | P15309 | AMP (isoform 2 only) | Glandular and epithelial cells; Isoform 2 multifunctional |
| 3.1.3.7 | BPNT1 | O95861 | PAPS, PAP | Kidneys, liver, pancreas, heart |
| 3.1.3.7 | IMPAD1 | Q9NX62 | PAP, InsP | Pathology: Chondrodysplasia (CDR-GPAPP) |
literature
- TM Grazia: Inborn errors in purine metabolism: role of 5'-nucleotidases and their involvement in the etiology of neurological impairments. In: Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids. Volume 30, Number 12, December 2011, pp. 1276-1283, ISSN 1532-2335 . doi : 10.1080 / 15257770.2011.616869 . PMID 22132987 . (Review).
- PL Ipata, M. Camici, et al. a .: Metabolic network of nucleosides in the brain. In: Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry . Volume 11, Number 8, 2011, pp. 909-922, ISSN 1873-4294 . PMID 21401502 . (Review).
- C. Rampazzo, C. Miazzi, et al. a .: Regulation by degradation, a cellular defense against deoxyribonucleotide pool imbalances. In: Mutation Research . Volume 703, Number 1, November 2010, pp. 2-10, ISSN 0027-5107 . doi : 10.1016 / j.mrgentox.2010.06.002 . PMID 20561600 . (Review).
- H. Zimmermann, M. Zebisch, N. Sträter: Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases. In: Purinergic signaling. Volume 8, Number 3, September 2012, pp. 437-502, ISSN 1573-9546 . doi : 10.1007 / s11302-012-9309-4 . PMID 22555564 . PMC 3360096 (free full text).
- BL Dhananjaya, CJ D'Souza: The pharmacological role of nucleotidases in snake venoms. In: Cell biochemistry and function. Volume 28, Number 3, April 2010, pp. 171-177, ISSN 1099-0844 . doi : 10.1002 / cbf.1637 . PMID 20186872 . (Review).
