Oliguria
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| R34 | Anuria and oliguria |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
Oliguria (from the Greek oligos = "little, small" and Latin. Urina or Greek ouron = "urine"), also called oligoanuria , denotes a reduced function of the kidneys in which the urine volume or the amount of urine is reduced.
In adults, oliguria is when the amount of urine produced per day (usually 0.7 to 1.5 liters) is less than 500 ml. A further reduction in urine production (to less than 100 ml per day) is called anuria . The same applies to many animals.
Oliguria can indicate insufficient fluid intake. In older people, this often happens due to the decreased feeling of thirst in old age and an absolutely inadequate fluid intake. However, oliguria can also occur when people with increased fluid loss, to which there is e.g. B. in the case of great physical exertion (heavy workers, athletes; sweating ) or with existing diabetes mellitus , drink relatively insufficiently.
The body tries to compensate for this lack of fluid (regardless of the GFR ) by increasing the tubular reabsorption . In this respect, like anuria in circulatory shock or during physical exertion, oliguria is a sign of improved, not deteriorated, kidney function. The increase in urinary substances in the blood does not contradict this pathomechanism .
To a urinary it comes in contrast with a closure or otherwise impairment of function of the lower urinary tract . In the area of the lower urinary tract ( urinary bladder and urethra ), urinary excretion is impaired, which can appear as oliguria. Chronic flow obstruction in the area of only one ureter , on the other hand, can remain completely asymptomatic despite the possible destruction of the upstream kidney, since a healthy individual kidney has sufficient compensation options.
The opposite of oliguria is polyuria , not to be confused with pollakiuria . The aggravation ( exacerbation ) of oliguria is anuria. The nonoliguria ( Latin non = not; ancient Greek oligo = little) must also be differentiated ; In patients with acute or chronic azotemia , the urine excretion is more than 400 ml per day as a result of tubular necrosis .
literature
Karl Julius Ullrich , Klaus Hierholzer (eds.): Normal and pathological functions of the kidney tubule , Verlag Hans Huber , Bern, Stuttgart 1965, 466 pages.
Individual evidence
- ^ Harrison's Internal Medicine , 19th edition, Volume 1, McGraw-Hill, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-88624-560-4 , p. 354.
