Organs of the fourteen saints basilica

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Rieger organ of the Vierzehnheiligen basilica

The organs in the Vierzehnheiligen basilica near Bad Staffelstein are the main organ from Rieger Orgelbau and the mobile choir organ from Orgelbau Eisenbarth . The Rieger organ from 1999 in a case from 1848 has 68 stops on three manuals and a pedal and the two-manual Eisenbarth organ from 1986 has 13 sounding stops.

history

prehistory

In the 18th century there were two organs in Vierzehnheiligen, one on the gallery above the sacristy , the other, larger one on the west gallery . It is still unclear whether the small organ was later incorporated into the larger one or sold due to secularization. However, this organ was completely destroyed in the church fire on Kunigundentag in 1835.

In the course of extensive renovations after the fire, Augustin Ferdinand Bittner from Nuremberg built a new organ in 1848 , also on the west gallery. It comprised 39 registers on two manuals and a pedal. In 1870, the organ builder Ludwig Weineck from Bayreuth was commissioned with a conversion, but the result was not satisfactory. That is why in 1905 the Steinmeyer company carried out a new technical building with tube pneumatics and expanded the organ to three manuals and 42 registers.

Reconstruction by Steinmeyer in 1951

Altar of grace with organ in the 19th century (from Pierer's Konversationslexikon from 1891)

During a further renovation in 1951, Steinmeyer removed the pipe pneumatics and switched the organ to electrical tone and register control. The work was brightened in the neo-baroque style and expanded to 60 registers. In 1962 the decision was made to lower the two-storey middle section of the organ prospectus to one storey, because the upper structure covered a window behind it. The lower part of the brochure was removed and the part with the clock was lowered. The original situation can be seen in the picture with the altar of grace.

Disposition of the Bittner organ newly built by Steinmeyer (Bittner / Steinmeyer organ, 1951–1998)

I Manual C–
Principal 16 ′
Principal 08th'
Gamba 08th'
Gemshorn 08th'
Covered 08th'
Octav 04 ′
Salicet 04 ′
Reed flute 04 ′
Nazard 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Octave 02 ′
Schwiegel 02 ′
Mixture IV-VI 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Scharff IV – V00 01'
Trumpet 16 ′
Trumpet 08th'
II Manual C–
Drone 16 ′
Principal 08th'
Salicional 08th'
Quintad 08th'
Principal 04 ′
Small set 04 ′
Super octave 02 ′
third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Super quint 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Little bell 01'
cornet 08th'
Zymbel II 02 ′
Rankett 16 ′
Krummhorn 08th'
Singing shelf00 04 ′
Tremulant
III Manual C–
Tube bare 16 ′
Aeolines 08th'
Violin beat00 08th'
Wooden flute 08th'
Ital. Principal 04 ′
Coupling flute 04 ′
Quint 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Forest flute 02 ′
third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Sif flute 01'
Plein jeu IV – V 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Echomixture VI 02 ′
bassoon 16 ′
Bright trumpet 08th'
Clarine 04 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C–
Principal bass00 16 ′
Violon 16 ′
Sub bass 16 ′
Covered bass 16 ′
Quintbass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Octave bass 08th'
Flute bass 08th'
Third bass 06 2 ⁄ 5  ′
Principal bass 04 ′
Pommer 04 ′
Pipe whistle 02 ′
Mixture IV 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
trombone 16 ′
Trumpet 08th'
English horn 04 ′

New building by Rieger in 1999

The organ had been seriously damaged by the dust caused by the church renovation, which was completed in 1993. So the desire for a new building for the western organ was expressed. Originally this should have 90 registers, but neither the space in the listed housing from 1848 nor the finances were sufficient. The Austrian company Rieger Orgelbau manufactured a new organ with 68 sounding stops. In 1998, the basilica organist Georg Hagel bid farewell to the old Bittner / Steinmeyer organ with a final concert. The old organ is currently in the Schloss Valley Organ Museum (near Holzkirchen) - without the Bittner case. This had to be preserved in Vierzehnheiligen for reasons of monument protection. Before the new organ was installed in 1999, two steel girders were placed across the gallery and attached to the two towers that support the instrument, which weighs over 20 tons. The new organ cost over 1,000,000 euros. It represents the concept of the universal organ, which combines various stylistic elements with modern technology.

Today's organ by Rieger

The present Rieger organ from 1999 comprising the Subtitles main unit (I), positive (II), a French Swell (III) and a Chamadewerk (Bombardwerk, IV). The arrangement was drawn up by the basilica organist and regional cantor Georg Hagel and master organ builder Christoph Glatter-Götz. The action mechanism is mechanical, the stop action is electrical.

Directly in the middle above the play cupboard are the wind chests and pipes of the main work, enclosed by the two pedal towers. Behind the main work the large swell box of the Récit stands expressively. The special thing about it is that the thresholds and swell boxes are not made of solid wood as is usually the case, but are filled with quartz sand to achieve a higher level of clay containment. It is a typically French swell, richly filled with lingual registers. To top it off, the entire bombing plant was built on top of the swell box: the horizontal chamades 16 ′, 8 ′ and 4 ′ are directly aligned with the high altar opposite, including the hand-cast brass bells of the carillon. Behind the pedal towers are the swell boxes of the divided positive, the smallest pipe of the organ, the high c of the sifflet 1 ′ is just five millimeters long.

To the left and right of the swell are the large, partly cranked pipes of the base 32 'and the double bombarde 32' (the deepest pipes are over five meters long and reach the lower hearing limit at around 16 Hertz). In addition to the swell, there is also the split swell box of the positive, which is also swellable. The organ's prospectus is the old one, but the case and all the technology have been completely re-installed. The earlier blower sucked in moist and cold air from the north tower, which contributed to the fact that the material of the old organ could no longer be used. To avoid this with the new organ, a fan with over 12 kilowatts of power was installed under the Récit. The fan is so well insulated that you cannot hear it except when starting.

The console has a total of 89 stop slides (68 for the registers, 3 for tremulants and glockenspiel and 18 slides for the electrical coupling). You can also connect a second gaming table with magnetic couplings.

The organ has the following disposition in detail:

I main work C – c 4
Principal 16 ′
Drone 16 ′
Principal 08th'
Drone 08th'
Gamba 08th'
Flûte harmonique 00 08th'
Octav 04 ′
flute 04 ′
Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Super octave 02 ′
Mixture major V 02 ′
Mixture minor IV 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Cornet V 08th'
Trumpet 16 ′
Trumpet 08th'
Trumpet 04 ′
II Positive C-c 4
Principal 08th'
Dumped 08th'
Salicional 08th'
Unda maris 08th'
Octav 04 ′
recorder 04 ′
Nasat 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Super octave 02 ′
flute 02 ′
third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Fifth 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Sifflet 01'
Scharff III – IV 00 01'
Basset horn 16 ′
Cromorne 08th'
Clarinet 08th'
Tremulant
III Swell C – c 4
Bourdon 16 ′
Flûte traversière 08th'
Cor de nuit 08th'
Eolienne 08th'
Viol 08th'
Voix céleste 08th'
Viole 04 '
Flûte octaviante 04 ′
Nazard harmonique 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Octavine 02 ′
Tierce harmonique 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Plein Jeu V 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Bombard 16 ′
Trompette harmonique 00 08th'
Hautbois 08th'
Clairon harmonique 04 ′
Voix humaine 08th'
Tremblant
IV Bombard factory C – c 4
Chamade 16 ′
Chamade 08th'
Chamade 04 ′
Glockenspiel (C – c 2 ) 0 04 '
Pedal C – g 1
Pedestal 32 ′
Principal 16 ′
Sub-bass 16 ′
Violon 16 ′
Fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Octav 08th'
Bass flute 08th'
flute 04 ′
Octav 04 ′
Jubal flute 02 ′
Mixture V 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Counter bombardment 00 32 ′
Bombard 16 ′
bassoon 16 ′
trombone 08th'
Clairon 04 ′
  • Pairing :
    • Mechanical: II / I, III / I, IV / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
    • Electrical: II / I, III / I, IV / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P, IV / III, IV / II, III / III 16 ′, III / II 16 ′, III / I 16 ′, I / I 16 ′, III / III 4 ′, III / II 4 ′, III / I 4 ′, III / P
  • Playing aids : Combination system with 96 × 8 storage options, sequencer forwards-backwards; 4 crescendos (adjustable); Card storage.

Choir organ

Choir organ in the fourteen saints basilica

In addition, there is a mobile choir organ from Orgelbau Eisenbarth from 1986 in the south transept of the basilica . The slider-drawer instrument has 19 stops, including 6 transmissions on two manuals and a pedal. The playing and stop actions are mechanical.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Flute traverse00 8th'
3. Dumped 8th'
4th octave 4 ′
5. Reed flute 4 ′
6th Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
7th octave 2 ′
8th. Flageolet 2 ′
9. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
10. Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
11. Trumpet 8th'
tremolo
II Positive C-g 3
12. Gedackt (= No. 3) 8th'
13. Reed flute (= No. 5) 4 ′
14th Nasat (= No. 6) 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
15th Flageolet (= No. 8)00 2 ′
16. Third (= No. 9) 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Pedal C – f 1
17th Sub-bass 16 ′
18th Principal 00 08th'
19th bassoon 16 '

literature

  • Günter Dippold and Andreas Bornschlegel: Basilica Vierzehnheiligen. Bad Staffelstein 1992, ISBN 3-9801257-4-2 .
  • Christoph Glatter-Götz among other things: The organ of the Basilica Vierzehnheiligen. ISBN 3-9804630-5-2 .

Web links

Commons : Organs of the Basilica Vierzehnheiligen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information on the choir organ

Coordinates: 50 ° 6 ′ 56 ″  N , 11 ° 3 ′ 16 ″  E