Organs of San Juan Bautista (Marchena)

The two organs of San Juan Bautista ( Marchena ) are typical examples of different phases of the heyday of the Spanish organ building .

Organ on the epistle page

Building history

New construction by Murugarren in 1765

Organ console from 1765

The organ on the epistle side was built in 1765 by Juan de Chavarría Murugarren. The name of the builder suggests Basque origin. In addition to masters from all over Spain, French, Flemish and even Moorish organ builders were active in Andalusia.

The organ has been preserved unchanged, except for the tongues and throats of the Trompeta real , which were changed at the beginning of the 20th century and were renewed by Gerhard Grenzing in the course of the 1997 restoration . The Register this y nobena and compuestas de lleno the Rückpositiv come from an organ of the 17th century.

The disposition shows a number of characteristics typical of the Spanish baroque organ:

• A rich disposition with principals, flutes, Nasaten, concoctions, Cornet and reeds .
• An inner trumpet ( Trompeta real ) and several horizontal reed stops above the console.
• Unbalanced registers that do not occur equally in the bass and treble.
• A swell box for the cornet that is operated with a kick.
• A fixed pedal register, the pedal is not attached and designed as a stub pedal.

Disposition

Organo Mayor CD − c 3 Divided between c 1 and c sharp 1 translation 1 Flautado de 13 B / D Principal 8th' 2 Otaba real B / D octave 4 ′ 3 Otaba tapada B / D Dumped 4 ′ 4th Docena anaçardada B / D Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 5a Quincena clara B octave 2 ′ 5 Quincena clara D Octave + fifth 2 ′ + 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 5b Dies y nobena B Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 6th Compuestas de lleno B / D Mixture III 7th Sínbala B / D Zimbel III 8th Corneta Magna D. Cornet VI 9 Trompeta real B / D Trumpet 8th' 10 Bayjoncillo B Trumpet 4 ′ 11 Clarín de batalla D. Trumpet 8th' 12 Clarín de campaña D. Trumpet 8th'

Cadereta de Espalda CD − c 3 Divided between c 1 and c sharp 1 translation 13 Flautado de biolon B / D Dumped 8th' 14th Otaba real B / D octave 4 ′ 15th Pífano D Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 16a Quinsena D octave 2 ′ 16 Quinsena D Octave + fifth 2 ′ + 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 16b Dies y nobena B Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 17th Compuestas del lleno B / D Mixture III 18th Corneta en ecco B / D Echo Cornet IV CDEFGABH pedal translation 19th Cons Wooden principal 8th' 20th Tambor Timpani 21st Timbal drum

Notes I.

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Horizontal.
2. ↑ Swell box in the main housing.
3. ↑ Without register.

Technical specifications

• Mood :
  • a ¹ = approx. 415 Hz
  • ¹ ⁄ ₄ point mean tone, modified.

Sound samples

example	Registration	file
Principal	1	293 kB ? / i
Mixturplenum main work	1, 2, 5, 5a / b, 6, 7	1.2 MB ? / i
		286 kB ? / i
Bass solo with reed voice	Bass: 9 Treble: 1	901 kB ? / i
		487 kB ? / i
Double treble solo with mixture	Bass: 13, 14 Treble: 13, 14, 16, 17	913 kB ? / i
		519 kB ? / i
Horizontal tongue choir	9, 10, 11	570 kB ? / i
Echo cornet	Bass: 1, 2, 4, 5a, 18 Treble: 8, 18	834 kB ? / i
		493 kB ? / i

Michelangelo Rossi Settima Toccata	Registration	file
T. 1-7	1, 3	868 kB ? / i
		505 kB ? / i
T. 7-13	12, 15, 15a	415 kB ? / i
T. 13-31	12, 13, 15, 15a	1.4 MB ? / i
		513 kB ? / i
T. 31-50	1, 2, 3	1.8 MB ? / i
		743 kB ? / i
		432 kB ? / i
T. 50-53	1, 2, 3, 5, 5a	317 kB ? / i
T. 54–	1, 2, 3, 5, 5a, 6, 7, 18	1.5 MB ? / i
		237 kB ? / i

Organ on the gospel page

Building history

New construction by Rodríguez in 1802

The organ on the gospel side was built by Francisco Rodríguez in 1802. It is believed that he belongs to the school of Jordi Bosch. The instrument was restored in 2003 by Gerhard Grenzing.

This organ already represents a late stage of the classical Spanish organ type:

• The beat as a timbre of the late 18th century.
• Several similar mixtures, which are predominantly terz-containing.
• A well-developed choir of horizontal tongues, but no tongue register within the main work.
• Since the organ is located on the side of the choir within the church,
  pipes on the back are used for spatial effects.

The last two points in particular indicate that fanfare music with dialogue and echo effects was very popular. This reflects the feeling of power and strength of the Spanish Empire at the time and the Church within that Empire. However, hardly any music has survived that uses these effects. It was probably the striking tone painting typical of organ music in the 18th century, which was seldom composed but mostly improvised.

Disposition

Organo Mayor C − g 3 Divided between c 1 and c sharp 1 translation 1 Flautado B / D Principal 16 ′ 2 Flautado B / D Principal 8th' 3 Violon B / D Dumped 8th' 4th Flauta traversa D. Transverse flute II 5 Octava B / D octave 4 ′ 6th Docena B Pointed fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 7th Lleno B / D Mixture III-IV 8th Lleno B / D Mixture III 9 Zimbala B / D Zimbel III 10/1 Nazardos B Cornet IV – VI 10/2 Corneta D. 11 Trompeta de Batalla Trumpet 8th' 12 Bayjoncillo B Trumpet 4 ′ 13 Trompeta magna D. Trumpet 16 ′ 14th Violeta B Trumpet 2 ′ 15th Clarin D Trumpet 8th' 16 Chirimia D Trumpet 4 ′ 17th Orlos B shelf 8th' 18th Viejas D shelf 16 ′ 19th Trompeta Real B / D Trumpet 8th' 20/1 Bayjoncillo B Trumpet 4 ′ 20/2 Chirimia D 21st Clarinete Trumpet 8th'

Cadereta C − g 3 Divided between c 1 and c sharp 1 translation 22nd Violón B / D Dumped 8th' 23 Octava B / D octave 4 ′ 24 Quincena B / D octave 2 ′ 25th Decinovena B / D Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 26th Lleno B / D Mixture IV 27 Corneta de eco B / D Cornet v 28/1 Bassoon B oboe 8th' 28/2 Oboe D. Pedal C-H translation 29 Cons Principal 16 ′ + 8 ′

Notes II

1. ↑ On the back.
2. ↑ beat.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Containing thirds.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Horizontal.
5. ↑ In the swell box.
6. ↑ Without register.

Technical specifications

• 29 registers.

Sound samples

example	Registration	file
1. Mixture	1, 2, 5, 6, 7	394 kB ? / i
2. Mixture	2, 5, 6, 8	540 kB ? / i
cymbal	1, 2, 5, 6, 9	282 kB ? / i
Mixture Rückpositiv	22, 23, 24, 25, 26	885 kB ? / i
Horizontal trumpet choir	11, 12, 13, 15, 16	614 kB ? / i
shelves	17, 18	660 kB ? / i
Transverse flute	Bass: 3 Treble: 4	438 kB ? / i

Juan Bautista Cabanilles Corrente Italiana	Registration	file
T. 1-21	Bass: 22 Treble: 23	910 kB ? / i
		458 kB ? / i
T. 41-48	22, 23	173 kB ? / i
T. 80-90	22, 23, 24	179 kB ? / i
T. 102-119	22, 23, 24, 25	326 kB ? / i
T. 141–	22, 23, 24, 25, 26	351 kB ? / i

literature

• Jean-Claude Zehnder : Marchena, a new center of Iberian organ culture . In: Ars Organi . No. 3 , 2005.

Recordings

• Tiento a las Españas. Música de la Epoca del Imperio Español. Music byAntonio Valente,Bernardo Storace, Manoel R. Coelho, Francisco Correa de Arauxo, Francisco de Tejada a. a. Andrés Cea Galánat the Epistle Organ byJuan de Chavarría(1765) in the Church ofSan Juan in Marchena, Seville. Lindoro, 1997.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ program and detailed description ( Memento of the original June 20, 2013 Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link is automatically inserted and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the publisher's website (English). Retrieved January 25, 2013. 

Web links

Commons : Organ of the Iglesia de San Juan Bautista, Marchena, Sevilla, Spain  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Andalusian Organ Academy with descriptions of the instruments and photos.
• Restoration of the organ from 1765 by the Grenzing organ builder.
• Restoration of the organ from 1802 , website of the Grenzing organ building company.