Original title
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Original title ( OT ) is the original title of a work as opposed to the title of a translation or a new version.
The “working title” as the preliminary title of a planned or emerging work also differs from the original title.
meaning
Work titles can be protected according to § 5 MarkenG . Work titles are the names or special designations of printed matter, films, sound works, stage works or other comparable works ( Section 5 (3) MarkenG). The title protection according to § 5 Abs. 3 MarkenG makes it possible to prohibit the use of identical or similar titles for identical or similar work classes, if there is a risk that the addressed public could confuse the two titles.
If a work that is subject to publishing law is translated, the translation contract extends to the work including the original title.
Primarily, the original title is used for the title specified by the author or a film by the director and producer for a specific written text ( novel , essay , short story, etc. as a book , booklet, etc.) , usually in the language of the author. The term can be extended to musical works ( sonatas , instrumental concerts , operas, etc.) and works of the visual arts ( paintings , sculptures , sculptures, etc.) to which the respective artist or composer gives the original title. This and other third-party titles authorized by the author are subject to copyright .
Examples
The opera Die Hochzeit des Figaro or Figaro's wedding is called, since it originally comes from French via Italian (libretto), in these languages: Les noces de Figaro (French) or Le nozze di Figaro ( Italian ) and in Spanish Las bodas de Figaro - plural form in all three languages, yet a direct translation.
While the foreign-language title of works of art is usually a verbatim translation of the original, the original titles of books and films are often not translated directly, but are given their own titles in the respective foreign language, just to sound interesting and appealing there - comparable to the original title in its language . The attempt is made to relate to the content of the work.
The novel Murder on the Orient Express was called The Red Kimono in a certain publication for copyright reasons - one of these appears in the course of the event, but has no meaning for the solution of the case.
Especially special idioms as titles can often only be reproduced by paraphrasing. The murder mystery Agatha Christie By the Pricking of My Thumbs , half a Shakespeare QUOTE from MacBeth , which as much as when pricking of my thumbs in meaning: says My stabbing thumbs me means reads in German: by the pricking of my thumbs - one completely from Original different title - with reference to the content, while in French the title Mon petit doigt m'a dit - My little finger told me preferred - closer to the original.
The translation of the James Bond OT The Living Daylights , which is titled in German as The Touch of Death , is more difficult . Daylights originally (18th century) stood for the eyes as they catch daylight. Later it was synonymous with everything living in the body, including the soul, unnecessarily supplemented pleonastically with the addition of living . According to another derivation from the same time, Living Daylights developed from Liver and Lights - liver and lungs , also a synonym for life - or killing, if you take both from someone. The title Breath of Death is not far from the original. A literal translation - The Living Daylights - would make little sense in this sense, even in English. The French title Tuer n'est pas jouer - to kill does not mean playing also has death in its title, similar to the title in Portugal 007 - Risco Imediato (007 - Immediate Danger) and Brazil 007 Marcado Para a Morte (007 - Intended for death ) - two different titles in almost the same language.
Web links
- Julius Vietzen: Title chaos: That's why it's not always the distributors to blame for stupid German titles June 2, 2016.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Original title, duden.de, accessed on July 15, 2020.
- ↑ Working title, duden.de, accessed on July 15, 2020.
- ↑ Felix Barth: Title protection: Requirements and scope April 13, 2017.
- ↑ cf. Standard contract for the conclusion of translation contracts agreed between the Association of German Writers (VS) and the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels in the version valid since June 1, 2019, accessed on July 15, 2020.