East Anglic English
| Ostanglisches English ( East Anglian English ) |
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Spoken in |
 England
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| speaker | unknown (Norfolk and Suffolk as core language areas: total approx. 1.6 million inhabitants, as of 2014). | |
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| Official language in | - | |
Ostanglisches English (standard English. East Anglian English ) is a dialect of English , which is traditionally in the historic landscape of East Anglia is spoken (East Anglia). Since this easternmost part of today's England was settled by the Angles in the early Middle Ages and their name is the basis for today's name English (cf. ags. Ænglisc ), the area can be regarded as the oldest 'English' -speaking area in this respect. Nowadays the East Anglian-speaking area is much smaller than it was two hundred years ago, as the influence of Greater London has become increasingly noticeable from the southwest . As early as the 1820s, there were worries about a decline in the dialect due to increasing mobility, education and migration . It is still spoken today in the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk as well as in northeast Essex , with the exception of the marshland in the west, the Fenlands . This roughly corresponds to the catchment area of the city of Norwich , one of the largest cities in England until the Industrial Revolution . East Anglic has made a significant contribution to the development of Standard British English as well as American . The renowned linguist Peter Trudgill , himself born in Norwich, has studied the dialect of his homeland, Norfolk, and is a member of the Friends of Norfolk Dialect .
Grammatical quirks
Some of the peculiarities that distinguish traditional East Anglic from the standard include: a. following properties:
- Use of do as conjunction i. S. v. 'Or, otherwise', e.g. B. " You better go to bed now, do you'll be tired in the morning. “Similar usage has been documented in the colloquial language of whites in eastern North Carolina for the 1920s .
- Use of time as a conjunction like while i. S. v. 'During', e.g. B. “ Sit you down time I get the dinner ready. ”
- Use of that instead of it for impersonal subjects, e.g. B. “ That's raining ”, but not for corresponding objects
- Imperatives with a trailing pronoun, e.g. B. “ Go you on! "
- Loss of the - (e) s of the 3rd person singular present tense of the verbs, so that the last personal ending in use, e.g. B. " He like her very much. “Allegedly due to a strong influx of Protestant refugees from the Netherlands in the 16th century and their poorly learned English.
Peculiarities in vocabulary
Various influences on regional history are reflected in the East Anglian dialect. Some examples are given.
Various terms are traced back to the influence of the Dutch refugees mentioned above:
- Public spaces in cities named as plain (instead of standard English square ) (cf. ndl. Plein ), e.g. B. Bank Plain or St. Mary's Plain in Norwich
- For 'wiping cloths, feudel, etc. Ä. ' is dwile used (see. NDL. dweil )
- For ' fegen ' the German word to fye out (cf. ndl. Vegen ) instead of the standard to sweep
- For 'ulcer, pimple', push (cf. ndl. Puist ) is used instead of pimple or similar. used
Other words are traced back to the Danish rule in the early Middle Ages .
- The free space in front of Norwich Cathedral is known as tombland , but not because of any graves ( tomb ), but as 'emptiness' (cf. Danish tom 'empty').
- For 'Landungsbrücke' staithe (see arrangement stödh )
- For '(morning) dew' dag (cf. Swedish dagg and Danish dug ) instead of standard English dew
- For 'dove' dow (cf. Swedish dua ) instead of dove
- For 'ditch' grup instead of (small) trench
- For 'throat' stroop instead of throat
Other dialect terms are inherited from Anglo-Saxon , e.g. B .:
- For 'pond' pit instead of pond
- For 'shrew' ranny instead of shrew
- For ' stake (for boating)' quant instead of (punt) pole
- For ' wood louse' sowpig instead of woodlouse
- For 'girl, young woman' mawther instead of girl
- For 'scarecrow' mawkin instead of scarecrow
- For 'donkey' dickey instead of donkey
- For 'dunes (col.)' Dene
- For 'Hummel' Bishybarnybee instead of bumblebee , allegedly after Bishop Edmund Bonner , who served as a pastor in Norfolk and gained a reputation as a fanatical enemy of Protestants under Maria Stuart
Pronunciation quirks
The East Anglic accent is clearly distinguishable from other English (for the basics, see English phonology ), but not very well known outside the region even by native English speakers, so that actors often confuse it with the West Country dialect, which is annoying of the locals. Characteristic are u. a .:
- Coincidence of unstressed / ɪ / with black / ə /. This is particularly known from the Australian and New Zealand English and could have its origin here.
- Loss of / h /, widespread in English colloquial language (so-called h-dropping ), does not traditionally affect rural areas, but the larger cities of Ipswich and Norwich.
- Pronunciation of standard English / ʊə / (as in surely ) as / ɜː / (as in Shirley ).
- Older speakers also pronounce standard English / əʊ / (as in boat ) as / ʊ / (as in foot ). Also found in the dialects of New England and probably influenced by Puritan immigration from East Anglia.
literature
- Peter Trudgill: The Norfolk Dialect. (= Norfolk Origins 7). North Walsham 2003, ISBN 0-946148-63-5 .
- Peter Trudgill: The Dialects of England. Oxford et al. a. 2000, ISBN 0-631-21815-7 .
Web links
- Sounds familiar? Homepage of a project of the British Library (in English), with numerous possibilities for deeper insights into the state and development of English dialects (u. a. also East Anglic), with audio files, texts, interactive maps etc.
- East Anglian English articles by Peter Trudgill in the Oxford English Dictionary (in English)
- Friends of Norfolk Dialect Website of the Norfolk Dialect Society (in English)
supporting documents
- ^ Norfolk Insight (Demography Overview). Retrieved March 11, 2016 .
- ^ Suffolk Observatory (District populations). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 17, 2016 ; accessed on March 11, 2016 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d East Anglian English. In: Oxford English Dictionary . Retrieved March 11, 2016 .
- ^ A history of FOND. Retrieved March 11, 2016 .
