East Westphalian

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
German and Dutch dialects 1910
Westphalian is usually divided into
1. East Westphalian,
2. South Westphalian,
3. Münsterland,
4. West Münsterland .

Depending on the definition, the following are also added:
5. Achterhoeks,
10. Twents.
11. Grafschafter Platt,
12. Emsländer Platt,
13. Westerwolds.

Lower Saxon dialects of the Netherlands that are not part of Westphalian are:
6. Veluws
7. Sallands
8. Stellingwerfs
9. Drents.

The Groninger dialect, which differs from Westphalian, is not shown.

East Westphalian (not to be confused with East Westphalian ) is a dialect group of Westphalian spoken in the Osnabrücker Land , Tecklenburger Land , Waldecker Land and Ostwestfalen-Lippe .

Differentiation from other language areas

The East Westphalian dialects are distinguished from other dialects by the appearances listed below. In terms of a dialect continuum, there are deviations. So there are z. B. the Westphalian refraction in Lippe, while the Hiattelgung in East Westphalia due to the extensive diphthongization as a precondition only occurs particularly frequently and not exclusively here. Distinguishing features are mentioned here:

  • The distinction between the originally long a as in red (Council) and the later stretched a as in Water (water) separates East Westphalian in the east and north from East Westphalian and North Lower Saxon dialects.
  • The Low German-Central German dialect border separates East Westphalian south of the Waldeck dialect from Central German dialects.
  • The diphthongization of the long vowels such as in Braut (bread), Fout (foot), Kaise (cheese), däipe (deep) in addition to the diphthongization of the short vowels ("Westphalian break"), which is characteristic of the whole Westphalian, differed in the model previously used of the bisection of the Westphalian Dialects East Westphalian, which was also called South Westphalian at that time, from the North or West Westphalian dialects. The contrast between Westphalian and English was also used for naming according to the ethnic classifications assumed in the early Middle Ages. Since Westphalian is now divided into more parts, this phenomenon also occurs in the eastern half of South Westphalian and in the easternmost part of the Münsterland dialect area. In South Westphalia the closed vowels diphthongize more and more, while the open ones do this in East Westphalia. The Münsterland takes on an intermediate position.
  • Today, therefore, the line east of which ē² is split is assumed to be the dividing line between East Westphalian on the one hand and Münsterland and South Westphalian on the other. ē² is the old Germanic ai, if it was not preceded by the umlaut factor. It divides into a more open sound and a more closed sound. After opening the mouth during the pronunciation, z. B. the 'e' in donkey as closed and the 'ä' in ear as more open. In the present case, ê² is usually split into 'ai' and 'äi'.
  • By further diphthongization also occurs correspondingly more extensive Hiattilgung in teggen (ten), Maggen (mow) friggen (free), bowwen (build), bruwwen (brew).
  • The old 'sk' became 'sch' in High German, while it was partly retained in South Westphalian. The 'sk' has changed in East Westphalia. The sound is usually written simply 'sch', but spoken is either an 's', followed by a 'ch', thus [sx] or a 'sch' as ​​in High German, followed by a 'ch', also [ʃx] . This then often sounds like a mumble, especially when the sounds are smoothed out. In some areas of East Westphalian, the pronunciation has long since approached High German 'sch', i.e. [ʃ].
  • In a large part of the East Westphalian dialect area, 'a' and 'au' still precede 'ld' or 'lt' instead of 'o' as in other Westphalian dialects. 'Au' is the northern variant and 'a' is the southern variant.
  • In most of the area where East Westphalian is spoken, 'Plume' is used with 'l' instead of 'Prume' with 'r' for 'plum', as further west.
  • Regional deviations are possible in detail. Most noticeable in East Westphalia is that the Westphalian refraction is missing in Lippe.

Internal division of the East Westphalian

Lippisch for beginners

The term Ostwestfälisch was coined by the German dialectology and summarizes a number of Westphalian dialects, the linguistic structure of which largely corresponds. In the region itself a distinction is made between several dialects, whereby the sometimes considerable differences in pronunciation and the borders of the old territories are points of orientation:

  • Osnabrück dialect (southern Osnabrück district, Tecklenburger Land, Damme region)
  • Lübbeck dialect
  • Ravensberger dialect (northern half of the district of Gütersloh, district of Herford, Riemsloh and Neuenkirchen in the district of Osnabrück, independent city of Bielefeld)
  • Wiedenbrücker dialect (southern Gütersloh district),
  • Lippe dialect ( Lippe district )
  • Paderborn dialect (Paderborn district and parts of Höxter district)
  • Waldecker dialect (in northern Hesse and eastern Hochsauerlandkreis)

The Lippe is characterized by the absence of the Westphalian refraction and in some respects forms the transition to Ostfälischen. Local dialects within one of these dialects can sometimes differ significantly from one another.

use

The language change to Standard German is more or less complete. East Westphalian is only used as a colloquial language in very rural areas. As a cultural asset, however, East Westphalian enjoys a certain popularity. In the region z. B. Low German church services take place several times a year. There are also some theater groups in the area who perform their plays in East Westphalian.

Only a few schools in the region teach East Westphalia to children. There are also offers in adult education. In some places there are also Low German wreaths to maintain the local dialect.

Language example (Lübbeck dialect)

The East-Westphalian Platt is a Däil from the West-Westphalian Platt un bet in Ostwestfaulen. There were four forms: Dat Usenbrückske, dat Lübker, dat Rauwensbierger, dat Wiedenbrücksker, dat Lippsche, dat Paderbuorner and dat Waldecker Platt.

Wat special sense däi overlapping tüsken dänn originally long a as in red (council) and dänn later däihten a as in Water (water), diphthonging van däi long vowels as in bride (bread) orre fout (foot), däi Hiattilgung as in teggen (pull) orre maggen (mow) un tou gouter read nau däi words Lüüt (girl), brave (beautiful), Saut (fountain) un ninn (e) (none).

Bit more exact twäiten Weltkriech what that East Westphalian Platt däi Sprauk, däi däi kinner in Huse touierße learns hebbet, later hebbet däi Kinner then learns Houchdüütsk. Van Dage learns däi kinner almost to gohr käin Platt more, but some learns a lütket beer inne Schoule.

Translation:
The East Westphalian Platt is part of the Westphalian Platt and is spoken in East Westphalia. There are seven types: the Osnabrücker, the Lübbecker, the Ravensberger, the Wiedenbrücker, the Lippische, the Paderborner and the Waldecker Platt.
What is special are the distinctions between the original long a as in red (council) and the later stretched a as in water, the diphthongization of the long vowels as in bridal (bread) or fout (foot), the hiatus as in teggen (pull) or maggen (mow) and last but not least the words Lüüt (girl), brave (beautiful), Saut (fountain) and ninn (e) (no (e)).
Until after the Second World War, the East Westphalian Platt was the language that most children learned at home first, later the children learned Standard German. Today the children hardly learn any more Platts, but some learn a little bit at school.

Regional standard German

The High German colloquial language of the region is very strongly influenced by Low German phonetics. Low German expressions were also adopted in High German. With the erosion of Low German, the regional colloquial language has been watered down.

literature

Low German

  • Robert Damme, Jan Goossens, Gunter Müller, Hans Taubken: Low German dialects. In: Geographical and regional history atlas of Westphalia. Subject area V: culture and education. Delivery 8, double sheet 1, Münster 1996. Digitized. Only areas that belong to the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe are colored here.
  • Robert Peters, Valentina Djatlowa: Dictionary des Verler Platt. Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2003, ISBN 3-89534-495-8 .
  • Erwin Möller : Segg et up Platt: Low German dictionary in Ravensberg dialect. 2. revised and additional edition. Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2005, ISBN 3-89534-534-2 .
  • Lippischer Heimatbund (Hrsg.): Dictionary High German - Lippisches Low German. edited by Sabine Schierholz based on the template by Fritz Platenau. Lippischer Heimatbund, Detmold 2003, ISBN 3-926311-90-8 . (online at: kinder-lippe.de )
  • Fritz Platenau: Low German dictionary in Istrup dialect. on behalf of the Lippischen Heimatbundes. and edited. Lippischer Heimatbund, Detmold 1978, DNB 800922905 .
  • Helmut Hackstätte, Karl Jürgenvathauer: Ossenbrügger Platt: nix os Wöere; een lüttket Wöerebouk ton Naukieken un Arbeeten. In collaboration with Alfred Möllers. Fromm, Osnabrück 1994, ISBN 3-7729-3106-5 .
  • Johan Gilges Rosemann called Klöntrup: Low German-Westphalian dictionary. Edited by Wolfgang Kramer; Hermann Niebaum; Ulrich Scheuermann . Lax, Hildesheim 1982–1984, 2 volumes, ISBN 3-8269-3646-9 , ISBN 3-8269-3647-7 (first edition of the manuscript from the 19th century)
  • Hermann Jellinghaus: Westphalian grammar: the sounds and inflections of the Ravensberg dialect with a dictionary. Sendet Reprint Verlag Wohlwend, Vaduz / Liechtenstein: 2001, ISBN 3-253-02411-3 . Reprint of the 1877 edition ( online at: archive.org )

Regional standard German

  • Matthias E. Borner: Pölter, Plörre and Pinöckel - basic vocabulary for survival in the Gütersloh district . Verlagsunion Vox Rindvieh, Gütersloh 2004, ISBN 3-00-014249-5 .
  • Matthias E. Borner: Pölter, Plörre and Pinöckel 2 - advanced vocabulary for inquisitive new residents in Gütersloh . Verlagsunion Vox Rindvieh, Gütersloh 2006, ISBN 3-00-018120-2 .
  • Margret Gromann : You fall over yourself! - Bielefeld language teaching and selected lessons . Westfalen Verlag, 1979, ISBN 3-88918-007-8 .
  • Dieter Meyer-Gieseking: Ostwestfalen-Lippe and its dialect: A little foray through Gütersloh idioms . Flöttmann-Verlag, Gütersloh, 2012, ISBN 978-3-87231-092-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Taubken: Low German Language - Westphalian Dialects on the Geographical Commission for Westphalia - Westphalia Regional - The geographic-regional online documentation about Westphalia , accessed on September 17, 2018.
  2. ↑ Hans Taubken: Low German Language - Westphalian Dialects on the Geographical Commission for Westphalia - Westphalia Regional - The geographic-regional online documentation about Westphalia , accessed on September 17, 2018.
  3. ↑ Jan Goossens (Ed.): Low German - Language and Literature. Volume 1: Language., Neumünster 1983, p. 150 f.
  4. ↑ Hans Taubken: Low German Language - Westphalian Dialects on the Geographical Commission for Westphalia - Westphalia Regional - The geographic-regional online documentation about Westphalia , accessed on September 17, 2018.
  5. ↑ Hans Taubken: Low German Language - Westphalian Dialects on the Geographical Commission for Westphalia - Westphalia Regional - The geographic-regional online documentation about Westphalia , accessed on September 17, 2018.
  6. ^ Hermann Jellinghaus: Westphalian grammar: the sounds and inflections of the Ravensberg dialect with a dictionary. , Reprint Wiesbaden 1972, p. 1 f. Robert Damme, Jan Goossens, Gunter Müller, Hans Taubken: Low German dialects. In: Geographical and regional history atlas of Westphalia. Subject area V: culture and education. Delivery 8, double sheet 1, Münster 1996. Digitized. Only areas that belong to the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe are colored here. Jan Goossens (Ed.): Low German - Language and Literature. Volume 1: Language., Neumünster 1983, pp. 142 f., 147 f., P. 149.
  7. ^ Robert Damme, Jan Goossens, Gunter Müller, Hans Taubken: Low German dialects. In: Geographical and regional history atlas of Westphalia. Subject area V: culture and education. Delivery 8, double sheet 1, Münster 1996. Digitized. Only areas that belong to the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe are colored here. Jan Goossens (Ed.): Low German - Language and Literature. Volume 1: Language. , Neumünster 1983, pp. 145 f., 147, map 5.
  8. ↑ Jan Goossens (Ed.): Low German - Language and Literature. Volume 1: Language., Neumünster 1983, p. 150 f.
  9. ^ Hermann Jellinghaus: Westphalian grammar: the sounds and inflections of the Ravensberg dialect with a dictionary. , Reprint Wiesbaden 1972, p. 62 f.
  10. ↑ Jan Goossens (Ed.): Low German - Language and Literature. Volume 1: Language. , Neumünster 1983, map 9.
  11. ↑ Jan Goossens (Ed.): Low German - Language and Literature. Volume 1: Language. , Neumünster 1983, p. 186, map 13.
  12. ^ Robert Damme, Jan Goossens, Gunter Müller, Hans Taubken: Low German dialects. In: Geographical and regional history atlas of Westphalia. Subject area V: culture and education. Delivery 8, double sheet 1, Münster 1996. Digitized. Only areas that belong to the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe are colored here. Hans Taubken: Low German Language - Westphalian Dialects on the Geographical Commission for Westphalia - Westphalia Regional - The geographical and regional online documentation about Westphalia , accessed on September 17, 2018.
  13. ^ Felix Wortmann: The Osnabrück dialect (with 15 cards). , in: Low German word . , 5 1965, pp. 21-50.
  14. ^ William Foerste: The Ravensbergische. , in: Low German word . , 3 1963, pp. 74-84.
  15. ^ William Foerste: The Ravensbergische. , in: Low German word . , 3 1963, p. 80, 84. Hermann Grochtmann: From the old flat of the peasantry Spexard (Kr. Wiedenbrück). , in: Low German word . , 3 1963, pp. 85-93.
  16. ↑ Tim Rieke: Housework: The Lippe dialect between Westphalian and East Westphalian. , Bielefeld 2015. Digitized .
  17. ^ Joseph Brand: Studies on the dialect geography of the Paderborn Monastery and the Corvey Abbey . Aschendorff, Münster 1914. Therese Pöhler in connection with the Westphalian Heimatbund (ed.): Low German in the Paderborn monastery with the districts of Paderborn, Büren, Warburg, Höxter and the Corveyer Land . Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 1957.
  18. ↑ B. Martin: Studies on the dialect geography of the Principality of Waldeck and the northern district of Frankenberg. (= German dialect geography, booklet 15), Marburg 1925. K. Bauer: Waldeckisches dictionary with dialect samples. , Norden and Leipzig 1902.
  19. ↑ Hans Taubken: Low German Language - Westphalian Dialects on the Geographical Commission for Westphalia - Westphalia Regional - The geographic-regional online documentation about Westphalia , accessed on September 17, 2018 for the extension to areas outside of Ostwestfalen-Lippe. Robert Damme, Jan Goossens, Gunter Müller, Hans Taubken: Low German dialects. In: Geographical and regional history atlas of Westphalia. Subject area V: culture and education. Delivery 8, double sheet 1, Münster 1996. Digitized. Only areas that belong to the regional association Westphalia-Lippe are colored here for the demarcation to the east. Hermann Jellinghaus: Westphalian grammar: the sounds and inflections of the Ravensberg dialect with a dictionary., Reprint Wiesbaden 1972, p. 1 f., P. 23 mentions the individual dialects within Ostwestfalen-Lippe. For further literature on this see also the list of literature in Tim Rieke: Housework: The Lippian dialect between Westphalian and East Westphalian. , Bielefeld 2015. Digitized . In addition to the individual dialects in East Westphalia, additional documents are noted behind these dialects for the sake of better clarity.
  20. ↑ Hans Taubken: Low German Language - Westphalian Dialects on the Geographical Commission for Westphalia - Westphalia Regional - The geographic-regional online documentation about Westphalia , accessed on September 17, 2018.
  21. ↑ Hans Taubken: Low German Language - Westphalian Dialects on the Geographical Commission for Westphalia - Westphalia Regional - The geographic-regional online documentation about Westphalia , accessed on September 17, 2018. See also the works on regional Standard German listed under literature.