Ostwestfalen-Lippe
| Ostwestfalen-Lippe | |
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| Basic data | |
| State : | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Administrative region : | Detmold |
| Area : | 6,519.97 km² |
| The highest point: | at the Totenkopf , near Bad Wünnenberg , at 498 m above sea level. NN |
| Lowest point: | Weser Valley near Petershagen at 27 m above sea level. NN |
| License plate : | BI , GT , HF , HX , LIP , MI , PB (BÜR) |
| Structure: | 1 urban district , 6 districts |
| Website : | www.ostwestfalen-lippe.de |
| population | |
| Residents : | 2,055,724 (December 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 315 inhabitants per km² |
| Unemployment rate : | 6.4% (May 2015) |
| Location in North Rhine-Westphalia and structure | |
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| Natural spaces, landscapes and rivers in OWL | |
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Ostwestfalen-Lippe [ ˈɔstvɛstˌfaːlən'lɪpə ] ( Low German : Austwestfaolen-Lippe , abbreviation: OWL ) is a region in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia . The term is also a synonym for the identical administrative district of Detmold . The administrative district was founded in 1947 after the state of Lippe decided to belong to North Rhine-Westphalia. The state of Lippe was merged with East Westphalia to form the East Westphalia-Lippe region. A little more than two million people live in the region.
Ostwestfalen-Lippe is bounded in the east by the Weser Uplands and in the south by the West Hessian Uplands . In the west the districts of Paderborn and Gütersloh have a share in the Westphalian Bay and the Paderborn plateau with the Senne . To the north, the region extends from the Ravensberger Hügelland over the Wiehengebirge to the North German Plain .
The polycentric settlement structure in Ostwestfalen-Lippe has two main centers and is predominantly characterized by several medium-sized cities. Due to this structure, the population density is relatively high despite the rather rural character of the region. This applies in particular to the centrally located areas in the Ravensberg hill country. The region is home to three major cities (as of 2019), Bielefeld with around 334,000, Paderborn with around 151,000 and Gütersloh with around 101,000 inhabitants. Culturally and in the self-image of the residents, the historical, political and denominational boundaries often continue to have an effect in the region, so that the region can be divided into the Lutheran Minden-Ravensberg in the north, the predominantly Catholic Hochstift Paderborn and the Evangelical-Reformed Lipperland in the east.
geography
Geographical location and distribution
Ostwestfalen-Lippe comprises East Westphalia and the former state of Lippe in the northeast of North Rhine-Westphalia at the transition from the low mountain range to the North German Plain . The region essentially forms an administrative unit; One can only speak of a uniform landscape or a homogeneous natural spatial unit to a limited extent.
The demarcation is administrative, the region only has natural borders in a few places. In the east, the region is partially bounded by the Weser, which later crosses the regional border twice. In the south lies the West Hessian mountainous region . In the west, the region in the districts of Paderborn and Gütersloh has a share in the Westphalian Bay and the Ems sand plain , which also includes the Senne near Paderborn. In the north, the Mindener Land extends into the North German Plain.
Central areas are the Lipper Bergland and the Ravensberger Hügelland between the low mountain ranges Wiehengebirge and Teutoburg Forest . The Teutoburg Forest continues south through the Egge Mountains. To the east of it are the Warburger Börde and the Oberwälder Land , to the west of it the Paderborn plateau and the Sintfeld . These low mountain ranges are part of the Lower and Upper Weserbergland .
The Köterberg near Lügde is 496 m above sea level. NN the highest elevation in the administrative district. At one edge of the already Sauerland belonging skull in Bad Wunnenberg OWL reached 498 m above sea level. NN its highest point. The lowest point is near Petershagen in the extreme northeast with around 27 m in the Weser valley. Ostwestfalen-Lippe has an area of 6520 km², a maximum north-south extension of 118 km and a maximum west-east extension of around 82 km.
Historically, there were several predecessor states in the area of today's Ostwestfalen-Lippe. In today's core area of the region were the County of Ravensberg and the Principality of Lippe . The north of the region was completely covered by the Principality of Minden . The southeastern part of Ostwestfalen-Lippe was formed by the Paderborn Monastery . The county of Rietberg and the rule of Rheda bordered this in the southwest . In 1815, with the exception of the Principality of Lippe, all of these areas became part of the State of Prussia and formed the administrative district of Minden in the Prussian province of Westphalia. It was often used as a synonym for East Westphalia.
Adjacent areas
Ostwestfalen-Lippe is enclosed in the northwest, north and east by the Lower Saxony districts of Osnabrück , Diepholz , Nienburg / Weser , Schaumburg , Hameln-Pyrmont , Holzminden and Northeim . In the south, East Westphalia-Lippe borders the Hessian districts of Kassel and Waldeck-Frankenberg (both administrative districts of Kassel ). In the west, the region borders on the North Rhine-Westphalian districts of Soest , Hochsauerlandkreis (both administrative districts of Arnsberg ) and Warendorf ( administrative districts of Münster ).
Waters
Ostwestfalen-Lippe is mainly drained by the Weser in the east and the Ems in the west to the north into the North Sea. In between, the Weser-Ems watershed between these two river systems forms at the level of the Teutoburg Forest and continues to the north over the Wiehengebirge . The Weser breaks through the Wiehen Mountains at Porta Westfalica . Larger tributaries of the Weser are the Werre , Nethe Diemel and Emmer . The Else and the Bega in the Ravensberger Hügelland and the Lipper Bergland drain into the Werre. In addition to the Ems , the Lippe also rises in the Senne , which drains the southwest near Paderborn towards the Rhine and thus represents a third catchment area alongside those of the Ems and Weser.
geology
Ostwestfalen-Lippe's low mountain ranges consist mainly of clay marl , limestone and sandstones from the Triassic , Jura and Cretaceous periods. The clay is the raw material for making bricks . The best known types of stone are the Porta sandstone and the Osning sandstone . These layers were unfolded by folding the earth and, when the Wiehengebirge , Teutoburg Forest and Eggegebirge were formed, they were broken up into many saddles, hollows, clumps and ditches. The mountains are described as rupture fold mountains . The individual layers have been folded from their originally horizontally superimposed position into side by side or even tilted over. In Ostwestfalen-Lippe, the resulting mountain shape is also described as a harrow, which is separated from one another by dorens or sieves . In the basin areas such as the Ravensberger Hügelland and Westphalian Bight and in the Weser Valley, loose rocks such as sand , gravel, loess and marl were deposited during the Ice Age . The thickest layers of the fertile loess soil from the Quaternary are mainly found in the transition areas to the Westphalian Bay, to the North German Plain and in the valleys.
The loess as best soil characterizes especially the Warburger that Steinheim, the Blomberger and Lemgo-Detmold trough, the Ravensberger hills, the northern strip of the Wiehengebirge ( lübbecke loessland ) and parts of the Paderborn Plateau. Thus, apart from the Paderborn plateau and smaller areas in the Mindener Land , areas of land favored by good soils are located in the mountainous part of East Westphalia-Lippe and primarily in the lowlands. Deepened into the landscape, several bordering landscapes line up one behind the other from south to north: The Warburg , Steinheim and Ravensberger Börde.
In the west of Ostwestfalen-Lippe , the Senne, which is characterized by sandy soil , extends over about 250 km² southwest of the transition from the Teutoburg Forest to the Eggegebirge to the Paderborn plateau . It includes parts of the Gütersloh, Paderborn and Lippe districts as well as the city of Bielefeld.
Land use
Due to the fertile soils, large parts of East Westphalia-Lippe, in particular the Minden-Ravensberg area, are part of the old settlement area . Through intensive, centuries-old human use, the area has been transformed into a comparatively densely populated, small-scale and, compared to the rest of North Rhine-Westphalia, relatively poorly forested cultural landscape . Larger forest areas are essentially only found on the mountain ranges of the low mountain ranges and make up around 21% of the area. Although densely populated in a national comparison, Ostwestfalen-Lippe has a rather rural character in comparison to other North Rhine-Westphalian areas, which results from the intensive agricultural use. Over two thirds of the area are fields or pastures.
climate
Ostwestfalen-Lippe is geographically located in the Atlantic climate area with mild winters and cool summers, rich in precipitation and relatively balanced in terms of temperatures . The basin landscape of the mountainous region and the Weser Valley is warmer than the plateaus and peripheral areas where spring comes up to two weeks later. The prevailing wind direction from the southwest partially leads to the drying out of the soil , especially on the Paderborn plateau , but also parts of the Senne . The Teutoburg Forest and the Egge Mountains are bars in this wind direction and therefore rain catchers: Here the amount of precipitation is up to 1000 mm, to the east of it are areas with little precipitation such as the Warburger Börde - with precipitation of 750 mm.
population
Population density and population distribution
Ostwestfalen-Lippe has around 2.06 million inhabitants and covers an area of around 6500 square kilometers. This corresponds to a little over ten percent of the population, but around a fifth of the area of North Rhine-Westphalia. Ostwestfalen-Lippe has the lowest population density compared to the other government districts in North Rhine-Westphalia, but has almost twice as high a population density compared to the neighboring Lower Saxony and is also above the population density of the federal government .
| Districts and independent city in Ostwestfalen-Lippe | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| population | ||||
| Gütersloh district | 364.083 | |||
| Circle lip | 348.391 | |||
| Bielefeld | 333.786 | |||
| Minden-Lübbecke district | 310.710 | |||
| Paderborn district | 306,890 | |||
| Herford district | 250,783 | |||
| Höxter district | 140,667 | |||
| As of December 31, 2018. | ||||
The population is concentrated in the Gütersloh - Bielefeld - Herford agglomeration along the Hamm-Minden railway line and the A 2 and B 61 roads . The Herford district is densely populated for a district with an average population density of 557 inhabitants per km². This population density extends over the independent city of Bielefeld into the district of Gütersloh with 376 inhabitants / km², while the districts of Lippe with 280 inhabitants per km², Minden-Lübbecke (270 inhabitants / km²), Paderborn (246 inhabitants / km²) and Höxter (117 Inhabitants / km²) are more rural areas. The Höxter district is thus the most sparsely populated district in North Rhine-Westphalia. The main centers are the university cities of Bielefeld and Paderborn . The third major city in the region is Gütersloh, other larger cities are Minden , the administrative headquarters Detmold and Herford.
The Bertelsmann Foundation predicts a 6.2 percent decline in the region's population from around 2.07 million to around 1.9 million in 2030.
| Cities in Ostwestfalen-Lippe with more than 30,000 inhabitants | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| population | ||||
| Bielefeld | 333.786 | |||
| Paderborn | 150,580 | |||
| Gutersloh | 100.194 | |||
| Minden | 81,682 | |||
| Detmold | 74,388 | |||
| Herford | 66,608 | |||
| Bad Salzuflen | 54,127 | |||
| Bad Oeynhausen | 48,702 | |||
| Rheda-Wiedenbrück | 48.505 | |||
| Frets | 45,521 | |||
| Lemgo | 40,696 | |||
| Wages | 39,697 | |||
| Porta Westfalica | 35,671 | |||
| location | 35,047 | |||
| Delbruck | 31,949 | |||
| As of December 31, 2018. | ||||
Population development
The following overview shows the population of the region. The figures from 1939 onwards refer to the current (since 1975) territorial status of the Detmold administrative district. The figures for 1905, 1925 and 1933 are based on the population of the Detmold administrative district according to the 1961 territorial status plus Benteler ( reclassified from Beckum to Wiedenbrück in 1970 ), Harsewinkel , Greffen and Marienfeld ( reclassified from Warendorf to Gütersloh in 1973 ) and minus Lette (reclassified from Wiedenbrück to Beckum in 1970), Essentho , Meerhof , Oesdorf and Westheim ( reclassified from Büren to Hochsauerlandkreis in 1975 ), Garfeln , Hörste and Rebbeke ( reclassified from Büren to Soest in 1975 ).
The figures are census results up to 1970 and 1987 and from 1975 official updates by the State Statistical Office . The figures for 1975, 1980 and 1985 are estimated values, the figures from 1987 onwards based on the results of the 1987 census. The figures relate to the resident population and from 1987 to the population at the place of the main residence .
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religion
The dividing line between the two great Christian denominations has run through the region since the Reformation . The population in the north (the districts of Minden-Lübbecke, Herford and Lippe as well as Bielefeld) was almost entirely Protestant for a long time , in the south (the districts of Paderborn and Höxter) purely Catholic , in the area of today's district of Gütersloh both religious groups occurred. Within the Protestant area, the Reformed Confession predominates in Lippe , otherwise the Lutheran Confession.
The dioceses of Minden (until 1648) and Paderborn had been Catholic diocese seats since the time of Charlemagne , while Corvey and Herford were important imperial abbeys . Paderborn has achieved historical importance, since Pope Leo III. agreed with Charlemagne whose coronation as emperor and thus laid the foundation for the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ( HRR ). The Paderborn bishopric was ruled by prince-bishops from the 13th century (after the death of Heinrich the Lion and the collapse of the Guelph rule ) until 1803 . The city of Paderborn and some cities of the former bishopric itself were Protestant after the Reformation, but became Catholic again under the canon and later Bishop Dietrich von Fürstenberg and with the help of the Jesuits and other orders. Characteristic of the Catholic bishopric is the high number of processions, which are far higher than the number of Catholic processions on Ascension Day and Corpus Christi, and the pilgrimage sites such as Kleinenberg (Marian pilgrimage site) as well as the high number of monasteries and religious offices in the Archdiocese of Paderborn, likewise the relatively high number of Catholic priests and bishops who come from the former Hochstift area. There is also a hermit hermitage Klus Ednahm in the Hochstift area. In the former bishopric there were two Protestant places, Herlinghausen and Hagedorn, which shows that the legal principle Cuius regio, eius religio is not to be interpreted so strictly. Paderborn has been an archbishopric since 1930 , a fact that shapes the Catholic self-image of the city and the surrounding area. The population and clergy of the archdiocese are considered to be more conservative than those of the other Catholic dioceses in North Rhine-Westphalia.
In the 19th century, the Lutheran revival movement , led a. a. by Pastor Johann Heinrich Volkening , large parts of the population of Minden-Ravensberg and deepened the Christian life. Jöllenbeck (now part of Bielefeld) became one of the starting points for the evangelical trombone choir movement . Since then, trumpet choirs have been an integral part of community life in the region, often heard in church services, at funerals and on Sunday tributes to older community members. Most Protestants belong to the Evangelical Church of Westphalia , which has its seat in Bielefeld. In the field of the former Principality lip, almost identical to the circular lip , is with the Lippe Church one of the two existing in Germany Reformed churches .
Like everywhere else, the aforementioned contrasts have weakened significantly since the middle of the 20th century at the latest. While the influx of expellees from 1945 onwards often meant the first contact with people of the other denomination for the rural population, this became more and more a matter of course due to the steadily growing mobility. The numerous migrant workers and repatriates soon brought their respective faiths with them to Ostwestfalen-Lippe. On the other hand, the general “ de-Christianization ” does not stop at the region either. Churches in the Protestant areas in particular are rarely visited on Sundays, and some congregations are now struggling with financial problems.
An indication of the percentage distribution of denominations in Ostwestfalen-Lippe can be given by the denomination of the students. In the 2002/2003 school year, around 48 percent of all students were Protestant, 28 percent Catholic, 6 percent Islamic, 8 percent had another denomination and 9.5 percent were non-denominational.
language
Historically, Ostwestfalen and Lippe belong predominantly to the dialect group Ostwestfälisch of the Westphalian dialect . All Westphalian dialect groups are characterized by a strong diphthongization ( uo , üö , uë and ao ). The number of Low German speakers is now vanishingly small and has largely been replaced by High German in everyday language. However, “flat” is popular with older residents, e.g. B. in the form of Low German church services still a certain popularity. Individual Low German expressions and the overall weak accent of the residents, however, still indicate this belonging to the Low German- speaking area, which can generally be described as historical . Parts of the eastern Ostwestfalen-Lippe along the Weser are already in the dialect group of Ostfälischen . The extreme northeast of Ostwestfalen-Lippe, on the other hand, is already counted as part of the North Low German area . However, all of the language groups mentioned belong to Low German or Lower Saxony , so that the transition can be described as fluent.
These common language roots are a unifying element in the regional awareness of the Lipper and East Westphalia. In addition, the language area points to cultural similarities with the rest of Westphalia and the Lower Saxony cultural area, but at the same time also to the relatively pronounced cultural differences between the Westphalian-Lippe and the Rhineland parts of North Rhine-Westphalia .
Administration and politics
administration
The region is identical to the administrative district of Detmold in terms of spatial extent . The latter is sometimes referred to as Ostwestfalen-Lippe in general, but not in official usage. East Westphalia-Lippe is divided into the independent city of Bielefeld and the districts of Gütersloh , Herford , Höxter , Lippe , Minden-Lübbecke and Paderborn . However, Ostwestfalen-Lippe is historically and politically not a unit. 80 percent of the area goes back to the old administrative district of Minden , 20 percent of the area was added by the accession of the state of Lippe . These two areas were only combined after the incorporation of the state of Lippe into the state of North Rhine-Westphalia with effect from January 21, 1947. Today the Lippe part is essentially represented by the Lippe district. Since 2004, East Westphalia-Lippe has been a model region for reducing bureaucracy alongside Bremen and West Mecklenburg .
There are always plans to merge the Detmold administrative district into a new region to be created or a new administrative district of Westphalia or Westphalia-Lippe. However , this plan is controversial, in particular due to the commitments made to the Lippe part of the country in the Lippe punctures .
marketing
The districts of the region and the city of Bielefeld founded the marketing company OstWestfalenLippe Marketing GmbH in 1993 together with the private sector . In February 2012, the company changed its name to OstWestfalenLippe GmbH because, according to its own statement, its activities were no longer limited to marketing. The city of Bielefeld and the districts of Gütersloh, Herford, Höxter, Lippe, Minden-Lübbecke and Paderborn hold one half of the company, the other half is owned by the Verein Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft für OWL e. V. Its members are around 125 companies, universities and institutions such as the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Lippe zu Detmold, the IHK Ostwestfalen zu Bielefeld and the Chamber of Crafts Ostwestfalen-Lippe zu Bielefeld. The purpose of the merger is "to make OWL known as a business location, living space and holiday region, [and] to strengthen OWL's position in the competition between regions". The company also operates regional development, tourism marketing (Teutoburg Forest holiday region), labor market promotion (OWL regional agency, OWL competence center for women and work) and cultural promotion (OWL culture office). The OWL marketing slogan is: "OstWestfalenLippe: Right up in North Rhine-Westphalia". This is an allusion to the North Rhine-Westphalia point , the northernmost point in North Rhine-Westphalia near Rahden .
elections
Bundestag elections
The region sends seven representatives to the Bundestag who are in constituencies 131 Gütersloh I , 132 Bielefeld - Gütersloh II , 133 Herford - Minden-Lübbecke II , 134 Minden-Lübbecke I , 135 Lippe I , 136 Höxter - Lippe II and 137 Paderborn - Gütersloh III can be directly elected. The constituencies are not identical to the areas of the districts or the independent city of Bielefeld.
Bundestag election 2017
In the 2017 federal election , the CDU applicants were able to win the three more Catholic constituencies of Gütersloh I , Paderborn - Gütersloh III and Höxter - Lippe II , as they did in 2009 and 2013 . The prominent CDU MdB Steffen Kampeter was unable to defend the Protestant constituency of Minden-Lübbecke I against the SPD candidate Achim Post . In return, the CDU candidate Kerstin Vieregge succeeded in winning the Lippe I constituency, which is also Protestant, for her party for the first time since 1983. The two other more Protestant constituencies, however, were able to win the respective direct candidate of the SPD again despite the considerable losses of the Social Democrats. Measured by the second votes, however, the CDU continued to be the strongest force in each of the constituencies in East Westphalia-Lippe.
| Constituency and division |
Elected representative (party share of votes) |
Second votes by party in percent ( CDU · SPD · AfD · FDP · LINKE · Greens ) |
Turnout in percent |
|---|---|---|---|
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131 Gütersloh I District of Gütersloh without Werther and Holte-Stukenbrock Castle |
Ralph Brinkhaus (CDU 46.6%) | 38.4 x 22.9 x 8.6 x 13.1 x 6.1 x 7.9 | 75.5 |
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132 Bielefeld - Gütersloh II Bielefeld plus Werther |
Wiebke Esdar (SPD 33.2%) | 27.6 x 25.4 x 9.0 x 11.6 x 11.1 x 11.1 | 75.6 |
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133 Herford - Minden-Lübbecke II Herford district plus Bad Oeynhausen |
Stefan Schwartze (SPD 36.8%) | 31.7 x 28.7 x 10.8 x 11.5 x 6.9 x 6.9 | 73.7 |
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134 Minden-Lübbecke I Minden-Lübbecke district without Bad Oeynhausen |
Achim Post (SPD 37.4%) | 32.8 x 29.4 x 10.6 x 11.3 x 6.3 x 6.4 | 74.0 |
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135 Lippe I Lippe district without Detmold , Augustdorf , Horn-Bad Meinberg , Lügde , Schlangen , Schieder-Schwalenberg |
Kerstin Vieregge (CDU 36.6%) | 31.5 x 27.8 x 11.1 x 12.5 x 6.6 x 7.0 | 75.6 |
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136 Höxter - Lippe II Höxter district plus Detmold , Augustdorf , Horn-Bad Meinberg , Lügde , Schlangen , Schieder-Schwalenberg |
Christian Haase (CDU 44.3%) | 37.3 x 24.7 x 9.6 x 12.4 x 6.4 x 6.4 | 75.7 |
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137 Paderborn - Gütersloh III Paderborn district plus Holte-Stukenbrock Castle |
Carsten Linnemann (CDU 53.3%) | 40.7 x 18.9 x 9.9 x 13.4 x 6.6 x 7.3 | 75.2 |
State elections
The region is divided into constituencies 88 to 102 and thus sends a total of 15 directly elected representatives to the North Rhine-Westphalian state parliament . Only the Höxter district is identical to an electoral district. The remaining electoral districts only correspond to sub-areas of the districts or the independent city of Bielefeld.
State elections 2017
Of the 15 constituencies, the SPD was able to win nine in the state elections in North Rhine-Westphalia in 2017 and thus remained the strongest force despite the defeat in the state in East Westphalia-Lippe. Despite its growth, the CDU was only able to recapture two constituencies and now has six constituency members.
Conceptual history and regional awareness
The designation "Ostwestfalen-Lippe" or "OWL" is a synonym for the Detmold administrative district and is formed from the names "Ostwestfalen" and "Lippe". " Ostwestfalen " has been a synonym for the former administrative district of Minden since the 19th century and describes the location in the east of the Prussian province of Westphalia . The name " Lippe " goes back to the former state of Lippe , which did not belong to the province of Westphalia and is therefore politically not considered Westphalian. Lippe therefore forms a part within the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the East Westphalia-Lippe region with certain rights of its own. The term Ostwestfalen / Lippe is also rarely used (for example as a term for motorway exit 28 of federal motorway 2 ). The name has been used as an identity-creating name for the region since the founding of the Detmold administrative district in 1947.
“Ostwestfalen-Lippe” is often understood by parts of the population as a purely “artificial” term used in regional marketing or administrative policy, as the population's regional awareness is also different. Divisive act while the historic political and denominational boundaries between the Lutheran Minden-Ravensberg in the north, since the Thirty Years War, the Electorate of Brandenburg belonged to the Reformed and until 1946 independent Lipperland in the middle and the Catholic Bishopric of Paderborn in the south, always on the Archdiocese of Cologne , is particularly conservative and celebrates Carnival . Due to their historical self-image, the Lipper in particular have a pronounced regional awareness of their "Lippe homeland", whereas the rest of East Westphalia see themselves more simply as Westphalia or less often as North Rhine-Westphalia. On the other hand, the long common history of East Westphalia and Lippe u. a. in the Reichskreis " Westfälischer Kreis ", the partly rural character, the geographical and cultural proximity, the common administrative district and the once widespread Low German or Low German language of its residents. This also applies to the residents' perception that they are being neglected by the NRW state government, which is supposed to be dominated by the Ruhr-Rhenish region. Because of the majority of these connecting elements, the term Ostwestfalen-Lippe was used for this area even before 1947. Often the term "Ostwestfalen" is used as a synonym for "Ostwestfalen-Lippe", as the special position of the North Rhine-Westphalian part of the state of Lippe is controversial regardless of the Lippe punctuation and its independence from the Prussian province of Westphalia , because Lippe was before the establishment of the province nothing more than one of several states in Westphalia. This applies to a greater extent to the use of the term by outsiders. Some Lipper reject the use of the term "Ostwestfalen" as a synonym for "Ostwestfalen-Lippe" in order to emphasize the special status of their part of the country.
history
Ostwestfalen-Lippe only appeared as a region under uniform administration after the state of Lippe joined the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1947 and the administrative district of Detmold was founded. The history of the area before that shows certain similarities, but also explains the not particularly pronounced regional awareness of the population through its differences.
Early days and the Saxon tribal empire
Early finds from the Stone and Bronze Ages e.g. B. in today's Hiddenhausen or at the Externsteine show the first traces of a settlement in pre-Roman times. This also includes the hand ax from Bad Salzuflen , which dates back to 350,000 to 300,000 years ago and is one of the oldest artifacts in Westphalia.
The Hermannsdenkmal near Detmold has been pointing to the battle in the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD since 1875 . Although the victory of Arminius against Varus Roman army, according to more recent findings, did not take place in Ostwestfalen-Lippe, but rather in Kalkriese , finds from the Roman period show e.g. B. in the Ravensberger Land that the Roman influence reached into the region, although the Roman expansion was initially ended with this defeat. At that time, various Germanic tribes lived in the region, including a. the Angrivarians and the Cherusci , some of whom subsequently joined the Saxon Union. What is now East Westphalia-Lippes was in the Engern region .
Franconian expansion and Christianization
In the 8th century, the Franks under Pippin tried to Christianize the Saxon tribes for the first time . One of his successors, Charlemagne , drove the Franconian expansion in the Saxon Wars and founded a palace in Paderborn as early as 776 . In 799 Charlemagne met Pope Leo III there. In the Saxon Wars, Charlemagne defeated the Ostfalen and the Engern in 775 . It was not until 785, however, that the last Saxon uprisings under the leadership of the Saxon Duke Widukind were largely over; Widukind was baptized and Charlemagne was his godfather. Today, among other things, the epithet of the Herford Wittekindsland district or the Widukind town of Enger , where Widukind's grave is suspected, reminds of this symbol of Saxon resistance. The area of today's Ostwestfalen-Lippes was still part of the Duchy of Saxony until 1180 , which from then on was part of the Frankish Empire under Frankish rule . Paderborn has been and remains to this day the diocese from 1930 Archdiocese and became a spiritual and secular center for southern East Westphalia. In 799 the diocese of Paderborn was established. To consolidate the Frankish power, Ludwig the Pious founded the imperial Corvey monastery near Höxter in 815 (at the current location since 822) , which developed into one of the centers of Christian culture in north-western Europe in the 9th and 10th centuries. The second bishopric of the region was Minden . Minden was first mentioned in a document in 798. In 799 the Minden bishopric was founded. The Herford women's monastery and with it the city of Herford was founded as early as 789 . Ludwig the Pious raised the monastery to the imperial abbey and Herford became a free imperial city of Herford .
Establishment of further territories
In addition to these territories, initially laid out as spiritual territories with secular claims to power by the Holy Roman Empire , the County of Ravensberg was established around 1140 with the city of Bielefeld, first mentioned in 1214, as the capital in the Ravensberger Land . Also in the 12th century, the noble lords of Lippe began to create their own (secular) territory, the starting point of which, however, was more south than today's Lippe district, namely Lippstadt an der Lippe , which was founded in 1184/1185 - hence the name Lipperland . The area, which roughly corresponds to today's Lippe district , was already a fiefdom of the Lippe nobles at that time . Probably in 1190 the first regent of Lippe, Bernhard II, founded Lemgo - the oldest town in Lippe in today's Lippe district. Horn probably followed before 1248, Blomberg before 1255 and Detmold around 1263. Other, albeit very small and not always fully independent territories were the County of Rietberg, created in 1237, and the Reckenberg district as an exclave of the Principality of Osnabrück .
These territories belonged to the Lower Rhine-Westphalian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire, which was divided into 1500/1512 and which was to exist until 1806. The rule of Rheda near today's city of Rheda-Wiedenbrück did not belong to the Westphalian district . At the beginning Rheda was owned by the noblemen of Lippe.
Overview of the further development of the territories
All territories were able to maintain their independence for a long time or, in the case of Reckenberg, their territorial identity, but at the latest at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 or in the Wars of Liberation in 1813 almost all of them fell to Prussia . The only exception was Lippe, which remained independent until 1947.
- Paderborn remained in the south of the region as a spiritual and, for a long time, secular center until the Paderborn Monastery was annexed by Prussia in 1802/1803 and then only existed (until today) as a spiritual archbishopric.
- The Minden Monastery fell to Brandenburg-Prussia in 1648 . Minden became a city of garrisons and officials. From 1648 it was converted into secular territory and was henceforth called the Principality of Minden . In order to be incorporated into the Kingdom of Westphalia , the principality was de facto dissolved in 1807. As an imperial territory, however, it continued to exist formally until the province of Westphalia was founded .
- Ravensberg fell to the dukes of Jülich, later Jülich-Berg , in 1437 . The county of Ravensberg fell to Brandenburg-Prussia in 1614. After incorporation into the Kingdom of Westphalia, the county de facto ceased to exist in 1807. As an imperial territory, however, it continued to exist formally until the province of Westphalia was founded .
The County of Ravensberg, the Duchy of Minden, and Herford were all part of the Prussian administrative unit of Minden-Ravensberg from 1719 and therefore lost even more of their independence, which was considerably reduced under Prussian rule, although Ravensberg and Minden continued to form formally independent areas in Prussia.
- Lippe remained an independent territory for about 800 years, since the beginning of the 19th century it was surrounded by the Prussian province of Westphalia. The state of Lippe (since 1789 principality) maintained its state independence until 1947. It was not until 1947/48 that the state of Lippe or the Free State of Lippe became part of North Rhine-Westphalia. The name Lippe and the spatial integrity were largely retained as the Lippe district. The former Detmold residence is now the seat of the district government for East Westphalia-Lippe.
- Herford remained a free imperial city for a long time , but was then taken over by Brandenburg-Prussia and in 1652 incorporated into the County of Ravensberg. In 1803 the Herford Abbey , the last independent part of Herford, also lost its independence and was incorporated into the Prussian Minden-Ravensberg .
- Corvey first gained imperial freedom and a tiny territory as a prelature in the 12th century . From 1582 at the latest it was a princely abbey . In 1792 the Pope abolished the monastery and declared Corvey a diocese or bishopric . It was abolished in 1803 and initially came under the influence of Hesse and Dillenburg . After the time in the Kingdom of Westphalia, Corvey became Prussian in 1813/15 and no longer existed as an independent secular territory. The spiritual diocese of Corvey lasted until 1825.
- The rule Rheda was after the initial Lippe membership 1364-1557 tecklenburgisch , then came as heir to the Counts of Bentheim , 1606 on the line of Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda, 1808 to the Grand Duchy of Berg beaten and was in 1818 the Kingdom of Prussia and heard to insist on it.
- The county of Rietberg never developed a special meaning and fell as a feudal lordship to the Landgraves of Hesse as early as 1456 . From 1581 the county was part of East Frisia , from 1699 area of the Counts of Kaunitz . The Counts of Rietberg were able to maintain their territory under various houses in the Kingdom of Westphalia beyond the French period until 1815, before Rietberg fell to Prussia in 1813/15 and thus ceased to exist.
- The Reckenberg office fell with the Osnabrück bishopric in 1802 to the Kingdom of Hanover , from 1807 to the Kingdom of Westphalia or Napoleonic France and in 1815 to Prussia. Reckenberg finally lost its position as an exclave in 1815.
Reformation and Thirty Years War
First attempts at the Reformation
After Christianization by the Franks and the subjugation of the rebellious Saxons, the region remained Catholic for a long time . The episcopal seats of Paderborn and Minden, as well as the monasteries in Herford and Corvey were the spiritual centers of the region. There were also other smaller pens, e.g. B: the women's monastery in Quernheim Abbey . The residents of the region had to pay taxes to their secular and spiritual masters if the secular and spiritual rule was not exercised at the same time as in the diocese of Paderborn.
This homogeneous denominational image of the region was to change with the Reformation. The forerunners of the Reformation were the Catholic reform movements of the 15th century, such as the “ Devotio Moderna ”, which were also important in Westphalia. A corresponding Fraterhaus existed in Herford from 1428. There were monasteries of the Augustinian hermits (the order to which Martin Luther also belonged) in Herford and Lippstadt, which was an exclave in Lippe. The “Lippstadt Catechism” from 1534 by Johann Westermann is considered to be the first independent Westphalian Reformation testimony. The first Reformation sermons were given in Herford as early as 1521. Even in the bishopric of Paderborn, the religious renewal movement led to a popular uprising in 1528, as a result of which the Reformation ideas spread. In 1532, Bishop put down the movement and forbade the Reformation. Overall, this shows that the success of the Reformation in the individual territories largely depended on the respective sovereigns.
Thirty Years' War
When Protestant Braunschweig troops under Christian von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel marched into the Catholic Paderborn during the Thirty Years' War in 1621 and took action against Spanish troops in Lippstadt, the supremacy of the Catholic Church in the region was finally endangered, although the Braunschweig residents again in 1622 and after a short return in 1632 deducted. The Catholic order was initially restored by the victorious Catholic troops under Tilly . In 1630 Sweden entered the war and, on the initiative of the Protestant Hessen-Kassel , the Protestant King of Sweden Gustav Adolf II was awarded the Paderborn Monastery and Corvey Abbey. The course of the war in what is now East Westphalia-Lippe was unclear for a long time, the balance of power in the region changed several times and some cities such as Lemgo and Paderborn were conquered several times. The cities of Lippe, for example, lost about two thirds of their population by the end of the war; in the Lippe land the loss was around 50 percent.
On October 24, 1648, the Peace of Westphalia was concluded in Münster and Osnabrück and the Thirty Years War ended.
Denominational separation
After the Peace of Westphalia, the Minden bishopric was secularized and fell as a principality in 1648 together with the county of Ravensberg and the annexed Herford to the Lutheran Brandenburg-Prussia . Little changed, however, in the territorial integrity of the territories. In particular Lippe, which was built around 1605 under Count Simon VI. officially converted to the Reformed Confession, remained an independent county. The separation of the Lippe Church from the dioceses of Minden and Paderborn is still evident today in the Lippe Regional Church . The affiliation of Minden-Ravensberg to Protestant Prussia manifests the denominational separation in East Westphalia-Lippe between the Lutheran north, the Reformed Lippe and the still Catholic south around Paderborn.
Witch hunts
The belief in witches reached the height of its importance in the 16th and 17th centuries. In parts of Westphalia, the persecution of witches was particularly intense, regardless of religion. In the county of Lippe and in the city of Lemgo 430 people fell victim to the witch hunts. There were also many victims in the Paderborn Monastery and in Minden, where between 103 and 1684 witch trials were opened against a total of 128 people. The witch mayor's house in Lemgo still reminds of this time.
The Seven Years War
East Westphalia-Lippe has not been plagued by war for a century since the end of the Thirty Years' War. In the Seven Years' War , Westphalia again became a scene of clashes between Austria, Saxony, Russia and France on the one hand and Prussia and Great Britain / Hanover on the other. The French managed to occupy Bielefeld on July 20, 1757. From 1759/1760 allied troops from Prussia and Hanover succeeded in several battles to defeat the French and the Saxons allied with them and to break their dominance in the region. The battle near Minden , the battle near Gohfeld and the battle near Warburg should be seen in this context . The French withdrew from Westphalia in 1761/1762. It is estimated that in Minden-Ravensberg the population loss was 10%.
industrialization
Proto-industrialization
In Minden-Ravensberg in particular , the fertility of the soils from around 1000 onwards led to rapid population growth, during which the landscape was largely transformed into a cultural landscape . Through the inheritance law and the heuerling system , this led to an overpopulation and impoverishment of large parts of the population. However, this development also led to a flourishing of proto-industrialist forms of employment, which in turn favored the later industrialization in Minden-Ravensberg. The process took place in several stages:
- Around 1000 the rural population lived in individual drubbing amidst extensive brands. The brand forests and fields were farmed together. The population paid tithes to the clergy and secular lords and, to varying degrees, was also legally dependent on them. Due to the inheritance law, only the heir managed the parental farm. The other offspring, the Erbkötter , received only a small inheritance, set up their farms near the Drubbel and created new farmland by clearing.
- From around 1450 to 1650 the layer of marrow kotters arose , which, in contrast to the hereditary kotters and heirs, received only a very small share of inheritance. They lived in Kotten away from the hustle and bustle. The property of the Markkötter was small and their livelihood was mainly based on their cattle, which they kept in the Mark, although this right was only grudgingly granted them by the established farmers. The formerly dense marrow forests have been further decimated by the “wild” settlement of the marrow kotters.
- Since the 16th century the heuerlings formed another, even poorer, settler group. They did not inherit any real estate at all, but had to live in rented Kotten (Heurlingskotten), pay the rent partly in the form of work for the farmer to whom the Kotten belonged and were largely economically dependent on them.
In the 15th century, these poorer classes, especially poor heuerlings and kötter, opened up a new way of earning a living with flax cultivation and processing into linen. This early form of industrialization in the Ravensberger Land is characterized as proto-industry . The linen weavers processed the flax into the famous Ravensberger linen when they were not working on their own fields or those of their Kotten owner. Bielefeld is therefore also called Leineweberstadt . In Prussian mercantilism , the linen trade was promoted and the number of hirelings grew rapidly, so that around 1700, for example, the rural population in Ravensberger Land already consisted of two thirds of hirelings. In 1770, under Prussian pressure, the mark was completely privatized ( internal colonization through the division of marks ) and largely turned into arable land for small farms ( sites ). However, the poorer classes continued to rely on the flax processing.
industrialization
In the areas that predominantly belonged to Prussia, the Prussian state promoted textile production, which was initially organized as a proto-industrialist, since Minden-Ravensberg was therefore one of the most economically developed regions in Prussia and thus also one of the regions with high tax revenues. In the spirit of mercantilism , the state of Prussia promoted, among other things, the construction of the main line of the Cologne-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , and later also other routes such as the Hannoversche Westbahn , which brought economic connections to the seaports, the Rhenish industrial districts and the coal districts of the Ruhr area . The station Minden was hit since 1847th The most populous areas of the region still lie along these railway lines.
In the middle of the 19th century, however, the textile industry was already in decline and could hardly feed the rapidly growing population of Minden-Ravensberg. The main reason for the decline were the mechanical looms in England and the linen produced from about 1820 and imported from Belgium or England. Large spinning mills on an industrial scale such as the Ravensberger Spinnerei in Bielefeld were limited to the centers, so that the rural population in particular suffered from the decline. Until around 1860, many people were even forced to emigrate to America, for example. Since the middle of the 19th century, benefiting from the connection to the new railways, the tobacco industry in Minden-Ravensberg developed into the dominant industry and, from around 1860, brought new employment opportunities for the rural population as well. The Ravensberger Land in particular developed into a center of the European tobacco industry and was to remain so until the Second World War.
In Lippe, where industrialization was able to gain a foothold to a much lesser extent, and this was in some cases even hindered by the prince, the poorer sections of the population remained in precarious living conditions for a long time, so that parts of the population in particular were forced to make a living as migrant workers - e.g. B. to earn as a migrant goat. This phenomenon was explicitly condemned as a social problem in the Lippische Punktationen in 1947 .
The Napoleonic period
From 1807 onwards, Napoleon inserted what is now East Westphalian areas together with other completely non- Westphalian areas into the de facto French Kingdom of Westphalia . Only Lippe was able to maintain its independence. The areas under French influence took over the French administrative structures. The southern and eastern areas of East Westphalia belonged to the Fulda department . The northern and western areas belonged to the department of the Weser until 1810 . The north-western part of the department was incorporated directly into the French Empire by resolution of December 13, 1810 to January 1, 1811 . The areas incorporated into France in 1811 were in the Ems-Supérieur département . This included all the East Westphalian areas northwest of the Weser - Werre line - western border Herford - Aa - Johannisbach - Schwarzbach - and Teutoburg Forest between Werther and Borgholzhausen . Bielefeld and Herford therefore continued to belong to the Kingdom of Westphalia. The non-incorporated areas were incorporated into the Fulda department in 1811. French rule gave the poorest classes the opportunity to buy themselves out of the feudal relationship or serfdom, but the hired men, although no longer legally bound to nobles, were to remain economically dependent on the owners of their cottages for a long time.
As early as 1813, Prussia recaptured French territories in the Wars of Liberation and amalgamated them in the civil government between the Weser and the Rhine . In 1815, at the Congress of Vienna, French rule over East Westphalia was finally ended.
The Prussian East Westphalia
Since the end of French rule, what is now East Westphalia has been largely Prussian. The Prussian state dissolved the old administrative structures, which were still based on the old medieval territories, and in 1815 consolidated East Westphalia in the administrative district of Minden in the province of Westphalia . The circles defined at that time can still be guessed at in today's circle structure. In the southern and thus Catholic areas around Paderborn, which belonged to Prussia for the first time, the integration into Protestant Prussia was rejected by the majority of the population and the keyword Musspreußen made the rounds.
The region during the Nazi era
As everywhere in Germany, the National Socialists took power in the region from 1933 . In Heinrich Himmler's Nazi ideology , the Wewelsburg near Büren played an outstanding and inglorious role as a planned SS order castle. Workers were needed to expand the castle, so a concentration camp, the Niederhagen concentration camp , was set up nearby . In particular, the patients of the Von Bodelschwingh Foundation Bethel near Bielefeld were at acute risk from the forced sterilization and the Nazi murders, known as euthanasia , during the Nazi era . Although the leadership of Bethel tried to save these people - and largely succeeded - people from Bethel were also deported and killed. The deportation of the Jewish population of East Westphalia-Lippe began as early as 1941 .
The Senne near Paderborn, in which the Wehrmacht and SS played a key role in developing and rehearsing tank warfare, and the large army ammunition plant in Lübbecke in the area of today's town of Espelkamp played a role in preparing for and carrying out war . During the war, some of the armaments factories were also relocated to the Wiehen and Weser Mountains near Porta Westfalica in old mining tunnels as part of the Geilenberg program . The industrial centers of Bielefeld and Gütersloh, but also the more rural area of Paderborn, were badly damaged in air raids. The land war largely spared the cities. The only tank battle in the region was the battle in the south of the region, usually referred to as the “Battle of Paderborn”. American tank units of the 3rd US Armored Division penetrated as far as the Paderborn area at the end of March in order to close the Ruhr basin in the east. In the Dörenschlucht near Augustdorf an SS unit succeeded in eliminating some American tanks and on 30/31. the commanding US General Maurice Rose fell near Paderborn, but on April 1st the Ruhr basin near Lippstadt was closed and Paderborn was taken. American troops occupied Bielefeld, Herford, Detmold and Minden on April 4th. The war in the region was thus de facto over in April and the National Socialist rule ended.
The region after 1945
After the war, Bad Oeynhausen was the seat of the British military government until it moved to Berlin . After the war, East Westphalia and the administrative district of Minden became part of the new state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1946 . In 1946 the state of Lippe decided to join North Rhine-Westphalia. The accession took place in 1947. In the Lippe punctuation , the accession was regulated and an integration into the administrative district of Minden determined. The new administrative district, which now for the first time comprised all of East Westphalia-Lippe as an administrative area, was renamed the administrative district Minden-Lippe, later the administrative district Detmold , and the administration was moved to Detmold in accordance with the agreements between the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the state of Lippe.
In the post-war years, the tobacco industry in Minden-Ravensberg was at a disadvantage compared to foreign producers in terms of production technology due to the advent of winding machines, the use of which was forbidden in Germany for reasons of employment policy before 1945. The decline of the tobacco industry could, among other things, be absorbed by the furniture industry , which had already played an important role in the rural areas of East Westphalia-Lippe.
From 1969 to 1975, the districts and municipalities in the administrative district were fundamentally reorganized in a municipal reform . As a result, the newly created town of Harsewinkel was incorporated into the administrative district in 1973 and thus East Westphalian, although the area was part of the Westphalian Münsterland according to the historical borders .
science and education
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There are numerous universities in Ostwestfalen-Lippe. At the University of Paderborn around 20,340 students (are WS 2019/20) enrolled in 70 degree programs at the University of Bielefeld 24,000 (WS 2016/17) in 76 courses. In the ranking of the Gütersloh Center for University Development (CHE), computer science, business informatics and chemistry in Paderborn and sociology, history and education in Bielefeld and electrical engineering in Lemgo occupy top places.
The Technical University of Ostwestfalen-Lippe (TH OWL) with its locations in Lemgo , Detmold, Höxter and Warburg and the University of Music in Detmold are also of supraregional importance .
The Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences is based in Bielefeld, with one branch each in Minden and Gütersloh .
The smallest East Westphalian university is the University of Church Music of the Evangelical Church of Westphalia in Herford , which is designed for 50 students. In 2009 there are 39 students enrolled there.
The scientific research of the Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia in Bad Oeynhausen is attracting international attention . The facility is the University Clinic of the Ruhr University Bochum (RUB). After it was initially not possible to establish medicine as a faculty at Bielefeld University (but this is now the case), the hospitals in the Minden-Lübbecke district and in the Herford district have become RUB university clinics.
With the Centrum Industrial IT (CIIT), a research and development center built by private investors has emerged on the Innovation Campus Lemgo , which makes information and communication technologies usable for intelligent automation. As the first science-to-business center in Ostwestfalen-Lippe, research institutions and technology companies work side by side under one roof. For the testing and demonstration of intelligent automation solutions, the SmartFactoryOWL has been operated by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and the TH OWL since 2016 .
In the field of non-university research, the research offer in Ostwestfalen-Lippe is supplemented by the Fraunhofer IOSB-INA , the branch for industrial automation, in Lemgo and the Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Design (IEM) in Paderborn .
As part of the BMBF's “Lifelong Learning” program, the Lippe zur self-learning centers were created as part of the “learning regions” in OWL, especially for the less educated and disadvantaged groups, especially migrants, at five locations in Detmold, Bad Salzuflen, Lemgo, Blomberg and Herford individual promotion of linguistic as well as professional basic qualifications.
In January 2012, the regional high-tech strategy “Intelligent Technical Systems OstwestfalenLippe it's OWL” was recognized as one of the winners in the top cluster competition of the BMBF, combined with the provision of funds amounting to 40 million euros for the development of new technologies. This has made it possible to link and promote the research landscape with the economy in East Westphalia.
There are some smaller public observatories in Ostwestfalen-Lippe. For example, there has been an observatory at the Technical University of Ostwestfalen-Lippe in Lemgo since 1969. The implementation of a planetarium in Bad Lippspringe is carried out by the Planetarium Society Ostwestfalen-Lippe e. V. aspires to be a sponsoring association .
economy
Ostwestfalen-Lippe's economy is dominated by medium-sized companies from the fields of mechanical engineering , food industry , IT industry , automation technology and the furniture industry , which have a very high status in relation to the federal territory (and partly internationally). Ostwestfalen-Lippe is one of the strongest mechanical engineering and industrial electronics locations in Germany. Only a few companies have survived from the formerly dominant tobacco industry in Minden-Ravensberg. The large textile and fashion companies in Minden-Ravensberg follow the tradition of the once extremely important linen weavers from the region . Less than 1% of employees work in the primary sector, around a third work in the secondary sector, and the rest (around 65%) work in the tertiary economic sector . The employment structure by economic sector on December 31, 2006 is shown in the following table in detail:
| Economic sector | Employees subject to social security contributions in 2006 |
Share in percent |
Employees subject to social security contributions in 2012 |
Share in percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture and Forestry | 5,188 | 0.8 | 3,682 | k. A. |
| Mining and quarrying of earth and stones | 450 | 0.1 | 321 | k. A. |
| Primary sector | 5,638 | 0.9 | x | k. A. |
| Manufacturing | 225.208 | 33 | 217,697 | k. A. |
| Energy-and water supply | 4,614 | 0.7 | 4.20 | k. A. |
| Wass vers sewage / waste | k. A. | k. A. | 5,835 | k. A. |
| Secondary sector | 229,822 | 33.7 | k. A. | k. A. |
| construction industry | 34,756 | 5.1 | 38,895 | k. A. |
| trade | 108.505 | 15.9 | 115.094 | k. A. |
| Hospitality | 13,079 | 1.9 | 16.291 | | k. A. |
| Transport and communications | 32,254 | 4.7 | 19,473 | k. A. |
| Banking and insurance | 17,887 | 2.6 | 17,891 | | k. A. |
| Real estate, rental, business services |
74,075 | 10.8 | 3,009 | k. A. |
| Public administration | 30,896 | 4.5 | 30,666 | k. A. |
| Public and private services | 135,387 | 19.8 | 153.496 | k. A. |
| Tertiary sector | 449,839 | 65.4 | k. A. | k. A. |
| total | 682.341 | 100 |
Source: Detmold District Government, as of December 31, 2006 (source no longer online)
Detmold District Government: Monthly Report Ostwestfalen-Lippe: As of June 27, 2013
The four employment agencies in Bielefeld, Herford, Detmold and Paderborn report an unemployment rate of 5.7 percent for February 2018. This corresponds to 62,748 people registered as unemployed. This means that the unemployment rate is below average compared to the other North Rhine-Westphalian districts. The following table shows the unemployment rate in the individual districts and urban districts:
| circle | Unemployment rate |
|---|---|
| Bielefeld | 7.7 percent |
| Gutersloh | 4.4 percent |
| Herford | 5.5 percent |
| Höxter | 4.4 percent |
| lip | 6.5 percent |
| Minden-Lübbecke | 5.0 percent |
| Paderborn | 5.4 percent |
| Ostwestfalen-Lippe | 5.7 percent |
Source: Federal Employment Agency, overview of the labor market - reporting month February 2018
The following table gives an overview of the 15 largest companies in Ostwestfalen-Lippe according to the employment figures:
|
|
Source: IHK Ostwestfalen zu Bielefeld, IHK Lippe zu Detmold and information from the companies, status: 2007
¹ Source: Wirtschaftsblatt and website of the respective company |
Furniture industry
Around 70 percent of German kitchen furniture production comes from East Westphalia-Lippe. With the competence center of the wood, furniture and plastics industry, the following professional associations of the wood and furniture industry are based in Herford : Association of the German Kitchen Furniture Industry , Association of the German Upholstered Furniture Industry, Association of the Wood Industry and Plastics Processing Westphalia-Lippe e. V., Industrial Association of Furniture - Wood - Plastic Westphalia, Trade Association of Series Furniture Companies of the Crafts, Service Society of the Wood and Furniture Industry Herford mbH. With the Verl- based company Nobilia , the region has one of the largest kitchen manufacturers in Europe.
In 2007, the headlines were made by Europe's largest furniture manufacturer, Schieder Möbel , based in Herford and Schieder, which went bankrupt .
mechanical engineering
Around 400 companies from the mechanical engineering and its supplier industry are based in Ostwestfalen-Lippe. They generate an annual turnover of over 15 billion EURO (2012). This means that Ostwestfalen-Lippe is also one of the well-positioned regions in mechanical engineering. Companies such as Boge Kompressoren , Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH , DMG Mori Seiki AG or Böllhoff can be found here .
Automation technology / industrial electronics
In Ostwestfalen-Lippe there is a very high density of automation technology and industrial electronics companies. In addition to the larger companies such as Beckhoff , Harting , KEB , Lenze , Phoenix Contact , Wago and Weidmüller, this also includes many smaller companies. In electrical connection technology in particular, companies have a world market share of 75%.
Clothing industry
In Herford have with Ahlers and with the FW Brinkmann GmbH and Leineweber three of the five largest European clothing company based. In Bielefeld or Halle also the fashion companies have Seidensticker and Gerry Weber headquartered.
logistics
Due to the favorable traffic situation, many logistics companies , such as letter and parcel services as well as distribution centers and forwarding agents have settled in the Bielfeld / Herford area, from which large parts of East Westphalia-Lippe and other regions are logistically supplied.
The German Post AG operates in Bielefeld, the parcel center 33 for the zip code areas 32 and 33 and since September 2014 Mechanized delivery base . Other parcel services represented in Bielefeld are GLS , Fedex , TNT Express and GO! Express & Logistics . At the end of 2017, the UPS company moved its parcel shipping branch from Herford to Bielefeld- Sennestadt . The Citipost OWL GmbH & Co. KG promoted mostly letters. The EK / servicegroup eG is one of the largest trade cooperations in Europe. Major forwarding companies with locations in Bielefeld are Wahl GmbH & Co. KG , Kühne and Nagel International AG and Hellmann Worldwide Logistics GmbH & Co. KG. The Hermes-Versand has in Schloss Holte-Stukenbrock settled.
Deutsche Post AG, Herford branch, has been operating the mail center on Bielefelder Strasse for postcode areas 32 and 33 since 1996. It is one of the 16 largest German mail centers and the headquarters of the Bielefelder parcel center. The logistics company Trans-o-flex Express transports packages and pallets. The pharmacy wholesaler NOWEDA has a branch or a regional distribution center in Herford. SK Pharma Logistics GmbH also sells pharmaceutical products . The Loewe Logistics is a logistics company for high-end consumer, advertising materials and forms. The Schöneberg Group with corrugated cardboard and packaging plants has its own logistics company Wellogistik . WESTFALIA intralog is both an internal logistics service provider for SULO Umwelttechnik and the environmental division of Plastic Omnium as well as a logistics partner for external companies. The company is one of the largest providers in Germany in the field of swap body logistics . The TEC Mahlmann GmbH distributes food and by the company Harry-Brot there is a Distributor. The companies Ahlers , Brax Leineweber , Bugatti and Weinrich operate storage and distribution centers in Herford. In Vlotho there is a depot for the parcel delivery service DPD Germany and Hermes Einrichtungs Service GmbH & Co. KG has its headquarters in Löhne. In 2017, Hermes opened the largest logistics hall in East Westphalia with 100,000 m² in Löhne.
tourism
Tourism is more important in Ostwestfalen-Lippe than in the North Rhine-Westphalian average. The holiday region uses the relative popularity of the term “Teutoburg Forest” in marketing (73% of Germans know this term and associate it with attributes such as natural, friendly and healthy). The region is referred to as Germany's medicinal garden thanks to its therapeutic baths in Bad Driburg, Bad Lippspringe, Bad Meinberg, Bad Oeynhausen, Bad Salzuflen, Bad Wünnenberg, Bad Holzhausen and 12 air and three Kneipp health resorts, as well as a Kneipp health resort . When it comes to relaxation, the Teutoburg Forest / Eggegebirge nature parks , TERRA.vita and Dümmer are very attractive to tourists. The places with the highest tourist intensity (overnight stays per 100 inhabitants, excluding business travelers) are Bad Driburg (tourist intensity : 3,771), Bad Oeynhausen (1,970), Bad Lippspringe (1,859), Horn-Bad Meinberg (1,754), Bad Salzuflen (1,417) and Vlotho (1,015).
military
The military is a not inconsiderable economic factor in Ostwestfalen-Lippe. The largest Bundeswehr locations are Minden , Augustdorf and Höxter . The Augustdorfer Rommel barracks is one of the largest army locations and home to the 21st Panzer Brigade . The British armed forces in Germany are stationed in Bielefeld and Gütersloh , but mainly in Paderborn - Sennelager (→ British locations in North Rhine-Westphalia ) and are practicing on the Senne military training area, which extends between Paderborn and Augustdorf, together with units of the 21st Panzer Brigade develop into an ecologically valuable landscape through military use, for which the establishment of a Senne-Egge National Park is repeatedly discussed.
media
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There are two large newspaper groups in the region, the Neue Westfälische and the Westfalen-Blatt , which, with their local sections, are the largest daily newspapers for most cities and communities in the region . The Neue Westfälische forms a journalistic unit with the Lippische Landes-Zeitung , Detmold, the Haller Kreisblatt , Halle (Westf.) , The Mindener Tageblatt , Minden and the Vlothoer Anzeiger , Vlotho . According to IVW , the daily circulation of the Neue Westfälische newspaper group created by this cooperation is 247,522 copies Monday to Saturday, the core newspaper 153,554 copies (as of 3rd quarter 2006). This makes the Neue Westfälische newspaper with the highest circulation in the Ostwestfalen-Lippe region. The Vlothoer Zeitung , the Herford Kreisblatt and the Westfälische Volksblatt are in turn linked to the Westphalia newspaper. The total distribution of the Westfalen-Blatt in the second quarter of 2005 was 132,859 (according to IVW). The Glocke (also: Gütersloher Volkszeitung) is a daily newspaper for parts of the Gütersloh district.
The WDR operates a local studio for radio and television in Bielefeld and a regional office in Paderborn and Detmold. Here, among other things, the weekly television program Lokalzeit OWL aktuell is produced with news from the region. The open channel 21 is produced in Bielefeld .
In addition to the public broadcasters WDR, several local stations broadcast programs for the region: Radio Bielefeld , Radio Gütersloh , Radio Herford , Radio Hochstift , Radio Lippe and Radio Westfalica . Students at Bielefeld University produce the Hertz 87.9 campus radio . The university radio L'UniCo is produced on the Paderborn campus . The Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences operates the Triquency campus radio at its locations in Detmold, Höxter and Lemgo . In the Bielefeld district of Gadderbaum, the antenna Bethel radio broadcasts on its own VHF frequency for the v. Bodelschwingh Foundation Bethel . The British armed forces produce the English-language radio British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) and the weekly Sixth Sense in the region .
As the headquarters of the global Bertelsmann group, Gütersloh is a center of the European media landscape.
Leading-edge cluster it's OWL
174 companies, universities, competence centers and institutions jointly implement the regional development strategy it's OWL - Intelligente Technische Systeme OstWestfalenLippe . The aim is to develop a new generation of products in the fields of mechanical engineering, automotive and automation technology. Thanks to the victory in the top cluster competition of the federal government, the sponsors of the 47 development projects receive 40 million euros in funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
InnoZent OWL eV
The Innovation Center Ostwestfalen-Lippe is a technology network for sustainable corporate development with around 70 members from business and research. The association is committed to making innovative technologies from research and science accessible to small and medium-sized companies, as well as promoting innovative products and services. Since 2007 InnoZent OWL has carried out over 10 funding projects ( BMWi , BMBF , EFRE ) together with companies and research institutions and since 2006 has won over € 33 million in state and federal funds ( ZIM ) for the Ostwestfalen-Lippe region.
traffic
Ostwestfalen-Lippe is located on the northern low mountain range threshold and is suitable due to the topography for the management of the important east-west traffic, which takes place here in all three modes of transport rail , road and canal . The larger cities have developed along these routes; this is where most of the people in East Westphalia-Lippe live. With the reorganization of the traffic after the German reunification , this east-west traffic increased considerably. Larger north-south traffic connections can only be found west and east of Ostwestfalen-Lippe, a planned north-south motorway was canceled at the end of the 1970s.
Road traffic
The federal highways 2 , 30 and 44 run through Ostwestfalen-Lippe . They take up the east-west traffic. The A 33 (also known as the Ostwestfalenmagistrale ) serves part of the supraregional north-south traffic and otherwise local traffic. Important transport hubs are Bad Oeynhausen , Bielefeld , Minden and Paderborn . The A 30 and A 33 are not completely passable, therefore the expansion of the A 33 between Bielefeld and Borgholzhausen is planned by around 2019, as well as the northern bypass of Bad Oeynhausen by around 2016, so that the A 30 will connect directly to the A 2 .
The most important federal highways in the north-south direction are the federal highways 61 (in Bielefeld as a city motorway sometimes called Ostwestfalendamm ), 68 and 239 . The Ostwestfalenstraße runs as a well-developed expressway from the motorway junction "Ostwestfalen-Lippe" of the A 2 from the city limits of Bielefeld south of Bad Salzuflen via Lemgo and further as federal highway 252 via Blomberg , Steinheim , Brakel to Warburg to the A 44.
Smaller federal highways in north-south direction are the B 55 , B 238 , B 241 , B 482 , and B 514 . The important federal highways 1 , 64 and 65 run in a west-east direction , as well as the federal highways 7 , 66 and 611, which are less important for the region . By OWL topics streets running German Fairytale Route , the Weser Renaissance Route and the Westphalian Mill Road .
Rail and bus transport
The most important train station for long-distance and local traffic is Bielefeld Hbf with ICE and IC system stops. Other IC and ICE trains stop in Paderborn , Gütersloh , Minden , Herford , Bad Oeynhausen , Bünde , Warburg and Altenbeken . The most important local traffic junction is Herford station , which now exceeds the former railway junctions Löhne and Altenbeken in terms of the number of stopping local trains .
The main railway lines are the Hamm-Minden railway , Hanover-Minden railway and the Löhne-Rheine railway , these are mainly used for east-west traffic. Branch lines of supraregional importance are the Hamm – Warburg railway , the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway , the Nienburg – Minden railway , the Hanover – Altenbeken , Löhne – Hildesheim , and Herford – Altenbeken lines and the Egge railway . In addition, from Bielefeld Hbf there are five branch lines of regional importance, which also connect the surrounding areas of the Münster and Osnabrück region to East Westphalia-Lippe.
Bielefeld is the only city in the region with a tram . The lines are partly underground and are known as the Bielefeld Stadtbahn . The city maintains a bus station at Brackwede train station for long-distance bus routes to various foreign destinations, particularly in Eastern and Southern Europe.
Two transport associations ( Ostwestfalen-Lippe and Paderborn-Höxter ) were formed in the region, between which there is a cooperation through OWL Verkehr GmbH . The network tariffs “Der Sechser” and “Hochstift tariff” exist.
The Hamm-Warburg railway runs spectacularly over the Altenbeken Viaduct .
air traffic
In Büren - Ahden in the Paderborn district, Paderborn / Lippstadt Airport is the only passenger airport in the region. Civil air traffic at Gütersloh Airport was discontinued in 2003 in favor of purely military use.
The nearest airports outside the region are Dortmund Airport , the Münster / Osnabrück Airport and the Hannover Airport . They can be reached in about an hour by car from Bielefeld.
Waterways
The federal waterways Weser and Mittellandkanal intersect in Minden at the Minden waterway intersection . Above Minden, the Weser is of very little importance for freight traffic. The largest ports on the Weser and Mittelland Canal are the port of Minden and the port of Lübbecke on the Mittelland Canal.
The passenger ships of the Weserschifffahrtsgesellschaft Flotte Weser connect in the tourist liner service u. a. Minden, Rehme , Porta Westfalica , Höxter and Corvey .
Bicycle traffic
The most popular cycle routes in the region are the Europaradwanderweg R1 , the Almeradweg , Weserradweg , the wellness cycle route , the BahnRadRouten Weser-Lippe , Hellweg-Weser and Teuto-Senne , the Mühlenroute , Emsradweg , Hellweg-Route , Senne-Radweg and Else -Werre bike path . Another popular (bike) route is the service route along the Mittelland Canal .
Cities like Gütersloh and Paderborn have a share of bicycle traffic on the routes of their residents that is far above the national average. Several cities and the Lippe district are members of the cycle-friendly cities and municipalities working group in North Rhine-Westphalia .
Hiking trails
The high-altitude hiking trail Hermannsweg over the ridge of the Teutoburg Forest is probably the most famous hiking trail in East Westphalia-Lippe. Other long-distance hiking trails are the Eggeweg through the Eggegebirge and the Wittekindsweg through the Wiehengebirge. Höxter and Paderborn are the endpoints of the Wildbahn and Rennweg .
Sights and culture
Buildings
Palaces and castles
The rulers of the numerous territories created in the Middle Ages often built castles at strategically important points from which they controlled the country. Some of these castles were later converted into more representative castles. Many are only partially preserved. Examples of this are the ancestral castle of the Ravensbergers, Ravensberg Castle (preserved in parts) and Limberg Castle (preserved in remnants), all of which were located in the County of Ravensberg. The Bielefeld landmark Sparrenburg also belonged to the Ravensberg state castles . One of the oldest remaining castles is the Iburg near Bad Driburg and the Desenberg Castle near Warburg . The biggest castles of Lipper were the Brake Castle , Sternberg Castle in Extertal , Burghorn , Castle Varenholz in Kalletal well as developed in the 16th century probably the biggest lock of East Westphalia-Lippe Princely Residence Castle Detmold, which is still the House of Lippe is inhabited. The small area of the rule Rheda was controlled from the castle Rheda . But also the spiritual rulers of the region had castles and palaces built. These include the Prince Bishop's Residenz Palace in Schloss Neuhaus , the Wewelsburg in Bueren , Schloss Petershagen and the Castle Haddenhausen . There were also many aristocratic residences and mansions in the country. Examples are the moated castle Gut Böckel in Bieren , Gut Renkhausen , Castle Crollage near Preußisch Oldendorf and Castle Wietersheim .
Monuments
The two largest monuments in the region are the Hermannsdenkmal in Hiddesen near Detmold and the Kaiser Wilhelm monument at Porta Westfalica . The Hermann Monument is the unofficial landmark of the region and is intended to commemorate the Cheruscan prince Arminius (see Arminia Bielefeld ) and the battle in the Teutoburg Forest . The sculpture of Kaiser Wilhelm was designed by the East Westphalian sculptor Kaspar von Zumbusch , who became famous primarily for his monuments in Munich and Vienna.
Church buildings
In the early Middle Ages, the region was a stronghold of Christianity. In the former bishopric of Minden , the large Minden Cathedral with its valuable Minden cross is evidence of this . Paderborn is still the seat of a bishopric. Paderborn Cathedral , probably the largest church in the region, with Bartholomew's Chapel and Market Church in the immediate vicinity, testify to the importance of the archbishopric . The church of Maria Immaculata is located in Büren , which is one of the most beautiful churches in the region, especially due to its late baroque design.
The Herford Minster , which is one of the largest hall churches in Westphalia, dates from the time of Herford Abbey . Particularly in the Catholic regions in the Höxter and Paderborn districts , but also in the western Gütersloh district , some monasteries have been preserved. These include the Abdinghof Monastery , the Franciscan Monastery in Wiedenbrück , the Hardehausen Monastery , the Marienfeld Monastery and the Dalheim Monastery , which is now home to a state museum for monastery culture. The most important monastery complex in historical and structural terms, however, is the Corvey monastery with its Princely Library near Höxter. Southern East Westphalia presented itself at the Expo 2000 as the monastery region Hochstift Paderborn / Corvey .
Urban landmarks
During the Second World War, the inner cities of the industrial centers of Bielefeld, Herford, Minden and Paderborn in particular were destroyed, with the exception of remnants, by bombing. The less densely populated areas, especially the Lippe district, have many almost completely preserved inner-city areas. In total, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia has designated 14 "historic town centers / town centers": Bad Salzuflen , Blomberg , Brakel , Detmold, Horn-Bad Meinberg , Lemgo , Lügde , Minden , Rheda-Wiedenbrück , Rietberg , Schieder-Schwalenberg , Warburg , Höxter and Never home . Along the Weser there are many preserved buildings from the Weser Renaissance , which shaped East Westphalia-Lippe's cities in a special way.
Sennestadt , which, as Bielefeld's satellite town, is a typical example of car-friendly urban development in the 1950s , is also interesting in terms of urban planning, although not historically .
Technical buildings and monuments
One of the largest waterway intersections in Europe is the Minden waterway intersection on the Weser and Mittelland Canal . With the help of locks , the shipping routes can be changed here. At Altenbeken , the Altenbekener Viaduct, inaugurated in 1853, spans the Beketal over a length of almost 500 meters and a height of up to 35 meters.
The Kleinenbremen visitor mine is a reminder that mining was carried out in the Wiehengebirge and Weser Mountains for centuries. In particular, the mountains at Porta Westfalica are heavily undercut and expanded as part of the U relocation . The Ravensberger Spinnerei in Bielefeld - now a museum - is a relic of the once so important textile industry in the Minden-Ravensberg area. Today the Gernheim glassworks near Petershagen is also a museum . In the Minden-Lübbecke mill district there are many windmills that document part of rural life in East Westphalia-Lippe. From a defense and architectural point of view, the Prussian facilities of the Minden Fortress are interesting.
Museums
In Detmold, the Lippisches Landesmuseum , the largest regional museum in the region, shows collections from the fields of natural history, prehistory and early history, regional history, folklore, art, furniture and interior design as well as ethnology. The Weser Renaissance Museum in Lemgo illustrates the cultural diversity of North and West Germany in the 16th and early 17th centuries. In Rheda-Wiedenbrück you can visit the museum of the Wiedenbrück School (sacred art), which was opened in 2008 .
The best-known art museums in the region are the Kunsthalle Bielefeld with an extensive collection of paintings and sculptures and the MARTa Herford design museum , which is located in one of the three buildings built by Frank Gehry in the region (other buildings: Energie-Forum - Innovation and the Ronald McDonald House in Bad Oeynhausen ). In the authentically preserved artist house of the painter, graphic artist and sculptor Peter August Böckstiegel , the Peter-August-Böckstiegel-Haus in Werther, you can experience his extensive expressive work. The Junker House - an extraordinary work of art in itself - is dedicated to the life of the Lemgo artist Karl Junker . In Halle there is also the museum for childhood and youth works by important artists , a unique museum- educational approach.
The Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum in Paderborn is the largest computer museum in the world. The technical and social history of the region document u. a. the Westphalian industrial museum Ziegelei Lage , the Ravensberger spinning mill in Bielefeld and the Westphalian open-air museum in Detmold , which shows an excerpt from the predominantly rural culture of the region. In the cigar town of Bünde , the German Tobacco and Cigar Museum illustrates the history of the region's tobacco industry and also shows exhibits from all over the world relating to tobacco consumption.
Also frets that shows Dobergmuseum exhibits from the fossil deposit Doberg u. a. a petrified manatee.
The Prussian Museum in Minden provides an overview of Westphalian Prussia. Less known, but of particular importance in the context of migration and integration , is the Museum of Russian-German Cultural History in Detmold. It is the first and so far only Russian-German museum in East Westphalia-Lippe and in Germany. The witch mayor's house documents the history of Lemgo, especially the dark chapter of the witch hunt.
The model federal railway in Bad Driburg shows a detailed replica of the Ottbergen and Bad Driburg stations on a scale of 1:87.
Theaters and concert halls
In addition to numerous open -air theaters (e.g. the Goethe open-air theater in Porta Westfalica or the open-air theater in Bökendorf ), the Bielefeld theaters with two venues and the former court theater of the princes of Lippe, the Detmold state theater , are the largest theaters in the region. In 2010 the highly acclaimed new building of the theater in Gütersloh was opened, in 2011 that of the Theater Paderborn - Westfälische Kammerspiele . The North Rhine-Westphalian State Symphony Orchestra Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie from Herford is a concert orchestra in the region. The musicians also play regularly in the concert hall in Bad Salzuflen and in the Minden City Theater , which does not have its own ensemble. Another well-known concert hall is the Rudolf-Oetker-Halle in Bielefeld. Several hundred concerts are held every year in the concert hall of the renowned Detmold University of Music .
The Gerry Weber Stadium is internationally known and is used not only as the venue for the Gerry Weber Open tennis tournament of the same name , but also as a concert hall. Other large venues for congresses, exhibitions, concerts and gastronomic events in the region are the Bielefeld Stadthalle with the exhibition and event hall that has been added since 2010 and the Seidensticker Halle , both in the city of Bielefeld. Both venues are outsourced from the city as a GmbH and are operated by the Stadthallen Betriebs GmbH.
nature
Nature parks and nature reserves
Ostwestfalen-Lippe has a share in the following nature parks:
- Teutoburg Forest / Eggegebirge Nature Park ;
- Nature and Geopark TERRA.vita , originally the Northern Teutoburg Forest-Wiehengebirge Nature Park;
- Dümmer Nature Park (predominantly in Lower Saxony).
On December 31, 2005, a total of 357 nature reserves with a total area of more than 41,000 hectares were designated in East Westphalia-Lippe . This corresponds to a share of 6.3% of the total area. Overall, the region is only slightly below the national average. The largest contiguous areas are in the Großer Torfmoor , the Weserauen and in the Diemeltal. The establishment of a Senne-Egge National Park is being discussed for the Senne and the Egge Mountains, but this cannot be expected as long as the Senne is still used for military purposes.
Natural monuments
Probably the most famous natural monument of East Westphalia-Lippe are the Externsteine in Horn-Bad Meinberg in Lippe . This sandstone rock formation in the Teutoburg Forest has between half a million and a million visitors a year. The Hanoverian cliffs near Würgassen are also made of sandstone . The Doberg near Bünde is one of the most extensive fossil deposits from the time of the Oligocene north of the Alps. Some of the exhibits found there are exhibited in the Doberg Museum in Bünde. The Adlerwarte Berlebeck near Detmold is a popular destination near the Hermannsdenkmal. Imposing is also the transverse valley of the Weser by the Weser and Wiehengebirge at Porta Westfalica . The Great Stone of Ton Heide is one of the largest erratic boulders in northern Germany.
Parks
The region, with its gardens and parks, is part of the European Garden Heritage Network . In the project Garden_Landscape OstWestfalenLippe and sub-projects such as routes through the country or spatial installations , the region combines its gardens and parks with art projects.
The most famous and largest parks in Ostwestfalen-Lippe include the Detmold Palaisgarten , the spa gardens in Bad Salzuflen , the Gütersloh city park , the palace and meadow park in Paderborn, and the park of magical water in Löhne / Bad Oeynhausen. The latter two were created for the state garden shows in 1994 and 2000, respectively.
Culinary
The cuisine of the region is a part of the Westphalian cuisine . The influences of northern German cuisine are particularly great in the Mindener Land . Traditional dishes include kale with pee , grits and pickert . As a specialty, the Pickert in Lippe is often eaten with liver sausage . Another specialty of Lippe are the straw rolls baked on straw . Other typical baked goods are the Paderborn country bread , the Stutenkerl for Advent and the famous gingerbread from Borgholzhausen . Nieheim cheese comes from Nieheim . Versmold is known as the sausage kitchen of Westphalia because of its butchers . The region, especially Steinhagen and Halle , is also known for its numerous juniper schnapps . The Steinhäger from Steinhagen and the Lipper Schütze from Lemgo should be mentioned here . Well-known national beers are Herford Pils , Paderborner Pils , Detmolder Pils and Barre Bräu . In its main plant in Halle , August Storck KG produces confectionery products that are well known across the region , including Werther's Original , formerly Werther's Echte, named after the neighboring town .
Customs and folk festivals
Shooting festivals are widespread in the rural areas of Ostwestfalen-Lippe . For example, the Mindener Freischießen is known . In the (former) spiritual centers of the region there are folk festivals that go back to a religious occasion or where the religious content is still alive. The best known are Libori in Paderborn , the Annentag in Brakel and the Herford Vision . Herford is also the seat of the Central German Showman Association of 1895 Herford e. V. Carnival is celebrated in the catholic south of the region, the carnival in Rietberg being the most famous. In the Protestant north, the Sünnematten is especially popular with children. There are also numerous other folk festivals that are less religiously motivated, but were originally cattle markets or markets for other agricultural products. The largest and most famous in the region are the Blasheimer Markt , the Leinewebermarkt and the Pollhansmarkt . The beer fountain festival in Lübbecke is also known . The Easter wheel town of Lügde has a tradition of around a thousand years in building Easter wheels , which roll down a slope while burning at Easter.
Parts of the Mindener Land and Lippe are in the distribution area of the Schaumburg costume . However, wearing a traditional costume has become very rare. In the remaining parts of East Westphalia-Lippe, the traditional costume has almost completely died out.
Personalities
Personalities born in East Westphalia-Lippe
- Reiner Reineccius , historian, b. 1541 in Steinheim
- Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann , master builder, b. 1662 in Herford
- Johann Conrad Schlaun , architect, b. 1695 in Warburg -Nörde
- Friedrich Sertürner , pharmacist and discoverer of morphine, b. 1783 in Neuhaus
- Rudolph Brandes , pharmacist, b. 1795 in Bad Salzuflen
- Leopold von Ledebur historian, grew up in Schildesche and Herford
- Christian Dietrich Grabbe , playwright, b. 1801 in Detmold
- Ferdinand Freiligrath , poet, b. 1810 in Detmold
- Georg Weerth , writer, satirist, journalist and businessman, b. 1822 in Detmold
- Hermann Höpker-Aschoff , politician and lawyer, President of the Federal Constitutional Court, b. 1883 in Herford
- Peter August Böckstiegel , painter, graphic artist and sculptor, b. 1899 in Werther
- Karl Steinhoff , Prime Minister, b. 1892 in Herford
- Gerhard Schröder , Federal Chancellor, b. 1944 in Mossenberg
- Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger , Federal Minister of Justice, b. 1951 in Minden
- Edelgard Bulmahn , Federal Minister, b. 1951 in Petershagen
- Frank-Walter Steinmeier , Federal President, b. 1956 in Detmold
- Andreas Voßkuhle , President of the Federal Constitutional Court, b. 1963 in Detmold
The following has had a significant impact in the region:
- August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben , poet, librarian Princely Library Corvey , wrote the song of the Germans , † 1874 in Corvey
- Norbert Elias , sociologist, worked for many years at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Bielefeld
- Niklas Luhmann , sociologist lived in Oerlinghausen and was a professor at Bielefeld University
- Hans-Ulrich Wehler , historian, was a professor at Bielefeld University
- Heiner Bruns , theater director was the father of the Bielefeld opera miracle (1975 to 1998)
Sports
Sports facilities
The largest sports facilities in terms of number of spectators are the SchücoArena (often called Alm ) (26,515 spectators), the Rußheide stadium (12,000 spectators) in Bielefeld, the Benteler Arena (15,000) and the Hermann-Löns-Stadion (11,723) in Paderborn, the Heidewaldstadion (12,500) in Gütersloh and the Ludwig-Jahn-Stadion (18,400) in Herford, as well as the Weserstadion (6,800) in Minden. In Bielefeld, the Seidensticker Hall is available for sporting events (1,500 to 5,000 spectators depending on the concept). There is also the roofed sports facility and multifunctional arena Gerry Weber Stadium in Halle with a capacity of 12,300 spectators. The Gerry Weber Stadium is used, among other things, as a tennis and handball stadium . The Lipperlandhalle in Lemgo has a capacity of 5000 spectators.
Clubs and events
- Football: Arminia from Bielefeld , which has been playing in the 1st Bundesliga again since 2020, is the region's most traditional club . The club describes itself as the "Sports Club of East Westphalia". The SC Paderborn 07 plays in the second Bundesliga and has participated in the past also in the Bundesliga. The SC Verl is since 2020 3. Liga home. The SV Rödinghausen and SC Wiedenbrück playing in the Regionalliga West . The SC Herford played in the 1970s and 1980s, the FC Gütersloh in the 1990s in professional football. The women's teams , FSV Gütersloh 2009 and Arminia Bielefeld are currently playing in the women's second division . The women's team of Herford SV was also represented in the top two divisions for a long time.
- Handball: The region is traditionally a handball stronghold and is represented by two teams in the men's handball league in the 2019/2020 season , TBV Lemgo and GWD Minden . The TV Großwallstadt plays in the second handball league.
With the HSG Blomberg-Lippe , Ostwestfalen-Lippe has a representative in the women's Bundesliga , the HSG Stemmer / Friedewalde competes in the 2nd handball Bundesliga (women) . - Basketball: The Paderborn Baskets currently play in the 2nd basketball league " ProA ", after having been a fixture in the basketball league for several years.
- Tennis: The Gerry Weber Open in Halle (Westphalia) is an annual ATP tournament. In the tennis league of gentlemen playing the team from Team Hämmerlingstraße TuS Sennelager from Paderborn.
- Running: The oldest German road run is the Paderborn Easter run (half marathon). Also known is the Hermannslauf , a fun run between Hermannsdenkmal and Sparrenburg .
- Golf: With over 20 golf clubs, OWL is a region with a particularly high density of golf courses.
- Paintball: The most famous and largest paintball club in the region are the OWL Sharks .
- Baseball / Softball: One of the most successful teams in German baseball has been the Paderborn Untouchables since the late 1990s . In the 1980s and 90s, the Bielefeld Peanuts were German champions in women's softball 11 times in a row .
See also
literature
- Verena Hellenthal: Fairy tales and legends from East Westphalia-Lippe. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-86680-061-8 .
- Matthias Rickling, Jan Witt, Marianne Witt-Stuhr: Time travel through East Westphalia-Lippe. Excursions into the past. Wartberg, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2006, ISBN 3-8313-1662-7 .
- Wartberg Verlag (Hrsg.): Freizeitführer Ostwestfalen-Lippe and Paderborner Land. 4th edition. Wartberg, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2003, ISBN 3-86134-421-1 .
- Bühn Verlag (Hrsg.), IHK Ostwestfalen zu Bielefeld (Hrsg.): East Westphalia - at the top in NRW. Business location and cultural area. 3. Edition. Bühn, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-932831-27-6 .
- Wilhelm Wilms: Ostwestfalen-Lippe. Stalling, Oldenburg 1957.
- Rolf Schönlau, Katja Schoene, Michael Bischoff: Built in OWL - an architectural-historical foray through East Westphalia-Lippe. Bonifatius Verlag, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-89710-586-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Official population figures in NRW
- ↑ Water network. fisdt.de, River Information System, accessed on May 20, 2017 .
- ^ Geological Service NRW
- ↑ Dr. Hans Riepenhausen: The landscape - nature and cultural space. In: Ostwestfalen-Lippe, monographs of German economic areas. Volume 4. 1957, p. 14 ff.
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Ministry for the Environment and Nature Conservation, Agriculture and Consumer Protection North Rhine-Westphalia , HTML, access date: October 2007.
- ↑ Yahoo / Neue Westfälische: The population is aging faster and faster Edition of October 26, 2011, accessed July 11, 2018 ( Memento of July 10, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Municipal statistics of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia: population development 1871–1961 . State Statistical Office of North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf 1964, pp. 358–359.
- ^ The resident population in the communities of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1970 . Statistisches Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf 1972, pp. 39–46.
- ^ Special series on the 1987 census in North Rhine-Westphalia: Population, private households and employed persons. Community results of the census , State Office for Data Processing and Statistics North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf 1989.
- ↑ Volkhard Krech: What do the people of North Rhine-Westphalia believe? First results of a study on religious plurality, PDF, Ruhr-Uni Bochum, status: 2006. ( Memento from May 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ State Office for Statistics: Students at general education schools in North Rhine-Westphalia according to religious affiliation ( Memento of October 3, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 81 kB), HTML, access date: October 2007.
- ^ Website of OstWestfalenLippe GmbH , accessed on February 21, 2012.
- ↑ Jürgen Richter: Conscious geometric design in Homo heidelbergensis? Work step analysis on a hand ax from Bad Salzuflen (Ostwestfalen-Lippe) , summary on the website of the Leibniz Research Institute for Archeology of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum.
- ↑ Manfred Wolf. 17th century. In: Wilhelm Kohl (Ed.), Geschichte Westfalens, Volume 1, pp. 539–604.
- ↑ CENTRUM INDUSTRIAL IT
- ↑ Fraunhofer Institute for Optronics, System Technology and Image Evaluation - IOSB
- ↑ About us
- ↑ It's OWL homepage , accessed on January 28, 2012.
- ↑ please do the math
- ^ Detmold administrative district: Monthly report Ostwestfalen-Lippe ( Memento from February 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), PDF , as of October 1, 2007.
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Detmold district government: Monthly report Ostwestfalen-Lippe: Status: June 27, 2013 (PDF; 414 kB) accessed on July 30, 2013.
- ↑ daten / Lowack Homepage / Unemployment Rates 2018 02.pdf Federal Employment Agency Bielefeld: Labor Market Report March 2018 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , PDF
- ↑ Federal Employment Agency, Statistics for North Rhine-Westphalia. Selected cities called on March 13, 2018.
- ↑ Regional marketing website ( Memento from January 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Website of the Wirtschaftsblatt
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Study Guide Mechanical Engineering, Ostwestfalen Lippe, accessed on March 11, 2014
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Detmold district government: Development and importance of tourism in Ostwestfalen-Lippe (status: August 2006) , HTML
- ↑ InnoZent OWL eV , accessed on August 26, 2020
- ↑ Cycle Route Planner NRW , category themed routes
- ^ Neuland 02/2008, Ostwestfalen-Lippe: Katharina Neufeld, 56, museum director from Detmold. brandeins.de, accessed on May 21, 2017 .
- ^ City of Rahden in connection with the Association for Home Care of Tonneheide (ed.): The Great Stone of Tonneheide. A witness to the ice age . mittwaldmedien.
- ↑ Garden_Landscape OstWestfalenLippe ( Memento of 8 January 2008 at the Internet Archive ), HTML, website OstWestfalenLippe marketing.
Coordinates: 51 ° 56 ' N , 8 ° 53' E