Palaisgarten (Detmold)
The Palaisgarten is a public historical park in Detmold and is maintained by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . The park is 7.5 hectares and is located on the southern edge of Detmold's old town in the so-called Neustadt . The old trees, the fountains and the cascades are particularly worth seeing. All parts of the Palaisgarten are listed and integrated into the OWL garden landscape and the European Garden Heritage Network .
Turbine and water features
A machine house, called a “turbine”, is housed in a small octagonal building in the Neustadt district above the Palaisgarten. It is about a 150 year old turbine and pumping system that supplies the water features with the necessary water supply. The process water comes from the neighboring Friedrichstaler Canal , the water level of which is slightly higher. An iron grating under a stone arch with the year 1855 prevents the penetration of leaves and branches. From here the water flows under the street to the turbine house, where the water can be turned on or off through a wooden drop gate. The water falls about two meters deep on a turbine wheel that drives a powerful pump. The water is pumped out of the turbine shaft via a suction nozzle and fed to an elevated tank, which is about 25 meters higher underground in the upper palace garden. The water is then fed to the individual wells and cascades via large, cast iron pipes and regulated with valves. The entire system of the Palaisgarten comprises eight parts that can be supplied by the turbine:
- The swan pond in the upper palace garden
- The lion head or frog fountain near the stone table
- The small fountain above the small cascade
- The small cascade on the water lily pond
- The dolphin fountain next to the south wing of the palace at the main entrance to the park
- The water lily pond with the large fountain
- The reservoir (for around 1,000 m³ of water) outside the Palaisgarten for the large cascade
- The large cascade grotto at the east exit of the Palaisgarten
The turbine with the pumping system was restored at the end of the last century and some parts were renewed without changing the historical image.
History and design
The New Palais , today the main building of the Detmold University of Music , was originally a kind of branch of the Princely Residence Palace and was part of the overall Friedrichstal project under the name “Favorite”. It was a gift from Count Friedrich Adolph to his wife Amalie, Countess Amalie zu Solms-Hohensolms , and was completed in 1718. At the same time as the house was built, the park began to be laid out, and a French baroque garden , axially oriented to the east and surrounded by a wall, was built at the Favorite House . It consisted of four parts at different heights, which were connected by stairs and were used, among other things, to plant fruit and vegetables. The creation of the Favorite Garden was continued after the Countess' death in 1746. Count Friedrich Alexander had a fenced-in zoo, the "menagerie", built in the south of the baroque garden, whose zoo guards lived in the "Crooked House". After Count Friedrich Alexander's death, Favorite and the garden were in very poor condition.
Court gardener Johann-Heinrich Stein and his successor Julius Stein were in charge of the horticultural design from 1789 and the typical baroque elements such as yew pyramids, cut linden trees and statues gradually disappeared. Fruit and vegetables were still grown in the kitchen garden and some of them were sold at the Detmold weekly market. From 1849 to 1853 the palace garden was redesigned and enlarged as an English landscape garden according to plans by Peter Joseph Lenné . Closed groups of trees, shrubs and individual trees were planted, a network of paths designed, a rose garden laid out and a strip of lawn laid out as a central axis, similar to Prince Pückler's park in Muskau or the planting beds in Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe . Eight full-grown oaks were brought from the Hiddeser Bent , six large beeches from the Bielstein and combined into groups of trees. The Hereditary Prince personally brought a large sequoia tree from Italy in 1858. Numerous foreign trees and plants were added, for example swamp and red oak , wig tree , Weymouth pine , Japanese sickle fir and almond tree .
In 1855, the system for the operation of the water features was built, which consisted of a machine house with turbine and pumps. Basins, grottos and fountains, the fountain pond, the large grotto piled up from rocks, the dolphin fountain, the basin at the stone table with nymph, lion's head and 12 frogs and the swan pond were created in the park. The stone table was made from the podium on the Favorite. At the same time, Prince Leopold II left the favorite for his son, who later became Leopold III. completely remodel. The building was given a second floor, a pillar porch at the central portal and the entire architectural style was changed to classical. The building was named "New Palace" around 1854.
In the palace garden itself, three buildings were erected as greenhouses in 1851, while a house built in 1865 in the classical style served as a residence for the palace gardener. The park has been open to the public since 1919 and has delighted the Detmolders for decades with its fountains on Sunday afternoons. The Lippisches Landesmuseum has been using the palace for its exhibits since 1921 . In 1946 the building became the seat of the Northwest German Music Academy. In 1965–1968 there was an expansion through the construction of an auditorium in the south-west of the park and the former gardener's house now housed the academy's library. From 1969 to 1971 the palace garden was restored and the rose garden redesigned under the direction of Professor Hermann Mattern . In 1987 the academy was given the current name Hochschule für Musik Detmold .
Todays situation
To protect the old, but still functional turbine, a modern electric pump has taken over its task today. The water pipes and the reservoir are to be renewed and modernized in 2008. In the future, the water arts will no longer be fed from the reservoir, but directly from the sewer via pumps. The water arts currently only consist of five parts, namely the large cascade grotto, the frog fountain by the stone table, the large fountain in the fountain pond, the dolphin fountain at the entrance and the swan pond in the upper palace garden. Guided tours through the garden are offered several times a day.
In the course of the last few decades there have been repeated problems in the palace garden. There have been numerous cases of vandalism and drug excesses in the park. In 1999 the public toilet facility had to be closed for good. In 2007 a modern new building was inaugurated in its place, which houses the AStA of the University of Music.
On May 20, 2005, the police had to move in with several patrol cars because of a physical conflict between drunken youths. Today care is taken to ensure that the Palaisgarten does not get the reputation of a social catchment basin and that the citizens can feel more comfortable there again. In July 2007 the Free Voting Association Detmold e. V. pronounced in a meeting of the city council for a ban on alcohol in the palace garden.
References and comments
- ^ A b Heinz Lücke: The water features in the Detmold Palaisgarten. In: Heimatland Lippe. November 1984. Publisher: Lippischer Heimatbund eV
- ↑ a b c Erdmuthe von Voithenberg: Park facilities in Detmold yesterday and today: IV. Neustadt with avenue, palace and palace garden. In: Heimatland Lippe. November 1987. Publisher: Lippischer Heimatbund eV
- ↑ Guided tours through the Palaisgarten ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
literature
- Thomas Bufe: Garden Tour - A guide through gardens and parks in Ostwestfalen-Lippe . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 2000, ISBN 3-7843-3037-1 , pp. 130-134.
- Erdmuthe von Voithenberg: Park in Detmold yesterday and today: IV. Neustadt with avenue, palace and palace garden. In: Heimatland Lippe. November 1987. Publisher: Lippischer Heimatbund eV
- Harry Harms: Trees in the parks of Lippe. In: Lippe messages from history and regional studies. 49. Vol., 1980, pp. 261-265.
- Dirk Hoppe: Investigations into the use of a historical park with special consideration of the wood population using the example of the palace garden in Detmold. Thesis. Comprehensive University Paderborn, Dept. Höxter, 1986.
- Heinz Lücke: The water features in the Detmold Palaisgarten. In: Heimatland Lippe. November 1984. Publisher: Lippischer Heimatbund eV
- Gerhard Peters : The Princely Palace in Detmold. Special publication of the Natural Science and Historical Association for the Land of Lippe, Volume 34, Detmold 1984, ISBN 3-924481-00-8 .
- Oskar Suffert : From Detmold's Palaisgarten in earlier times. In: Lippe messages from history and regional studies. 41 Vol., 1972, pp. 249-262.
Web links
- Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe: Palaisgarten in LWL-GeodatenKultur
- Palace garden with water arts - guided tours
- Palace garden in Detmold
Coordinates: 51 ° 55 ′ 44.8 " N , 8 ° 52 ′ 35.7" E