Wig bush
| Wig bush | ||||||||||||
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Wig bush ( cotinus coggygria ) |
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| Cotinus coggygria | ||||||||||||
| Scop. |
The wig bush ( Cotinus coggygria ), also known as the common wig bush , wig tree , fisette wood or dyer's sumac , Schmack , Venetian , Hungarian or Tyrolean sumac , is a species of plant that belongs to the sumac family (Anacardiaceae).
Occurrence
Cotinus coggygria is native to the Mediterranean region and southern Europe , southwest Asia, northwest India , Nepal , Pakistan, and China . The species is also found in Asia Minor . The wig bush thrives on sunny, dry, stony or rocky slopes, preferring calcareous soils. In China this species thrives at altitudes between 700 and 2400 meters and in Nepal between 1100 and 2400 meters. In Southeastern Europe it is a character species of the Pruno mahaleb-Cotinetum from the Berberidion association, but also occurs in societies of the order Quercetalia pubescentis.
description
The deciduous, deciduous wig shrub grows as a bulky, broadly bushy shrub and can reach heights of 3 to 5 meters. The bark is grayish-brownish and slightly cracked, furrowed and scaly; with narrow stripes.
The alternate, simple, mostly bare leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The thin petiole is 3–4 cm long. The elliptical to rounded or ovate to obovate leaf blade is 3–9 cm long and 2.5 to 6 cm wide. The leaf margin is whole, the tip is rounded to rounded. The nerve is pinnate with six to eleven pairs of lateral nerves. The leaves are green, with certain varieties also red to dark red in color and turn yellow-orange to scarlet red again in autumn.
The wig bush is mostly monoecious, mixed-gender monoecious , more rarely trimonoic . The mixed and loose panicle inflorescences are slightly hairy. Are on the side axes and branches bracts present. The flower stalk is 7 to 10 mm long. The five-fold, hermaphrodite or mostly unisexual flowers have a diameter of about 3 mm. The hairless, green calyx with triangular tips is 1.2 × 0.8 mm in size. The yellow, egg-shaped petals are 2 to 2.5 × about 1 mm in size. The 5 short stamens are about 1.5 mm long with egg-shaped anthers that are about the same length as the stamens. The five-lobed, bald and fleshy disc is orange-yellow, brown. The almost spherical, upper and unicameral ovary has a diameter of about 0.5 mm. There are three free, unequal and often lateral styles with heady scars . The male flowers have a pistillode and the female staminodes. The flowering period extends from February to August, depending on the location.
The glabrous, heart-, kidney- to egg-shaped, somewhat flattened, reddish-brown, solitary and veined, rather dry stone fruits have a length of about 4–5 mm and a diameter of 2.4–2.8 mm. The remains of the stylus cling to them at the top and the permanent calyx at the bottom. The fruits ripen from May to November. The flower stalks lengthen after flowering and those of the mostly many "abortive flowers" without fruit have long, protruding and mostly reddish, pink or purple to yellowish or whitish hairs. This leads to the name wig bush; the most decorative thing about the wig bush is the woolly fruit cluster (in Central Europe mostly from September to October). The fruits are very light and are spread by the wind . The inflorescences can break off in whole or in part and form balls that roll across the ground.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.
Leaves and inflorescences
inflorescence
Name-giving, wig-like fruit cluster
Inflorescence with young fruits
Infructescence, you can see that only the fruit stalks without fruit are very hairy
Autumn colors
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Systematics
The first publication of this species took place in 1753 as Rhus cotinus by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 267. Under the name Cotinus coggygria it was in 1772 by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in Flora Carniolica , 2nd edition, 1, p. 220 in the Genus Cotinus Mill .
There are several varieties (selection):
- Cotinus coggygria var. Cinerea Engler
- Cotinus coggygria var. Glaucophylla C.Y.Wu
- Cotinus coggygria var. Pubescens Engler
use
The leaves and bark are good sources of tannin . A coloring agent can be obtained from the roots and the wood.
literature
- Tianlu Min & Anders Barfod: Anacardiaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 11, p. 344: Cotinus coggygria - online (section description and distribution).
- Marilena Idžojtić: Dendrology. Academic Press, 2019, ISBN 978-0-12-819644-1 , p. 206.
Web links
- Ordinary wig bush in arboriculture.
- Wig bush. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Cotinus coggygria Scop. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved December 4, 2015.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Cotinus coggygria from Useful Temperate Plants, accessed October 18, 2018.
- Cotinus coggygria from Virginia Tech Dendrology, accessed October 10, 2019.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , p. 645.
- ↑ Considering Cotinus (PDF), from Arnold Arboretum - Arnoldia, accessed October 10, 2019.
- ↑ Michael Hickey, Clive King: 100 Families of Flowering Plants. Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-521-33700-3 , pp. 292 f.
- ↑ A. Engler , K. Prantl: The natural plant families. III. Teil, Abt. 5, Engelmann, 1896 pp. 144, 164 f, online at biodiversitylibrary.org, accessed on October 18, 2018.
- ↑ Jaime Kigel, Gad Galili: Seed Development and Germination. Dekker, 1995, ISBN 0-8247-9229-7 , p. 16.