Iburg (Bad Driburg)
| Iburg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Wall remains with donjon |
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| Creation time : | before 799 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Bad Driburg | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 43 '48.3 " N , 9 ° 0' 13.9" E | |
| Height: | 381.2 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Iburg is the ruin of a hilltop castle in the Egge Mountains near Bad Driburg in the North Rhine-Westphalian district of Höxter . It has its beginnings in the Saxon Wars .
The castle complex, which is freely accessible all year round, is a popular destination , together with the Kaiser-Karls-Turm observation tower and the Sachsenklause restaurant.
Geographical location
The ruin is located in the central part of the Eggegebirge within the Teutoburg Forest / Eggegebirge Nature Park on the Iburg mountain ( Iberg ; 381.2 m above sea level ), which juts out as a wooded and narrow mountain spur into the valley of Bad Driburg to the east. Its city center is around 1.1 km (as the crow flies ) northeast of the castle and around 1.4 km west-southwest, the Hausheide ( 441.4 m ), one of the highest elevations in the Egge Mountains.
To the northeast of the Iburg, near a 365.2 m high point, stands the Kaiser-Karls-Turm , inaugurated in 1904 , from which a wide view of Bad Driburg and the surrounding area is possible to the east. Immediately next to it is the Sachsenklause restaurant, which opened in 1925 .
history
The Iburg goes back to a Saxon refugee castle from the 8th century. Local legends also want to see them as the location of the Irminsul . New research relates the mention of the castrum Juberg in the Franconian Reichsannals for the year 753 to the Iburg near Bad Driburg, not to Bad Iburg near Osnabrück.
The archaeological research in 2000/2003 found two limestone walls in the western "Sachsenwall", which are assigned to the Saxon and subsequent Franconian castle period. On the outside, the wall was supported by mighty palisades sunk into the surrounding rock .
After the conquest, Charlemagne had a Petrus Church built in the former Saxon complex, which was the Archdeaconate Church from 1231 . He donated the castle to the Paderborn church in 799 . From 1134 it briefly housed a Benedictine monastery before the Paderborn Bishop Bernhard II had a 180 by 50 meter stone knight's castle built here in 1189 . In the 15th century, the castle lost its importance and was finally destroyed by Duke Otto von Braunschweig in 1444 and was not rebuilt afterwards. After the Knights of Driburg died out, the city of Driburg inherited the castle and the neighboring forests.
In 1900, the Ibur ruins were uncovered and archaeologically examined for the first time. Since then, research excavations and conservation measures have been carried out several times. Display boards explain the findings and the history.
investment
Are obtained from the various Iburg remains of walls and the castle keep , which were renovated in the 20th century in part. A rampart , also known as the “Sachsen wall” , has also been preserved , which encloses an area of around 4 hectares.
Traffic and walking
On the eastern slope of the Iburg (Iberg) mountain , about 80 m below its summit, the federal road 64 runs in a long curve in the section between Herste , Bad Driburg and Buke . From the parking lot (approx. 255 m ) at the Iburgstadion on the western edge of the city center, a 1.15 km long path leads the B 64 tunneling uphill to the mountain summit. The Eggeweg hiking trail , which is part of Hermannshöhen and the E1 European long-distance hiking trail and runs in particular on the main Egge ridge, leads past the mountain peak about 600 m west.
Literary mention
The Iburg is one of the scenes in the epic Dreizehnlinden by Friedrich Wilhelm Weber . A notice board on the Iburg quotes this section of the poem:
Deep silence around the woods!
The
Iburg raised its head out of the shroud of fog in the valley.
Into the starry silence:
Old grove, from whose tops
the Irmin column otherwise protruded, Which,
to the pain and horror of the Saxons
, dared to burn King Karl;
Place of gods, now overgrown
by scrub and wild tendrils
And as a dwelling place for dark powers,
shyness shunned by the Franks.
The night was lovely, the short one,
Before the day of the solstice;
The
sacrificial fires flickered on the Iburg's obtuse cone ;
The
heathen people,
Gaugenossen, strange guests had gathered on the Iburg's blunt cone
for the
Fromm Balder
Festival.
Under oaks on the lawn stood
the sacrificial stone, the gray one,
Beside him with a bloody knife
A gigantic woman:
Swanahild, the aged Drude
to rule her priesthood,
arch girded; white linen
rafted around them in rich folds.
Karl Leineweber wrote about the Iburg:
"How can you be dressed up like that
Forest wreath with green willows,
Here at the foot of the old Iburg,
My beloved dear Driburg. "
literature
- Leopold Lünnemann: Die Iburg , in: Der Burgwart Heft 9/1901, on uni-heidelberg.de
- Werner Best, Heinrich Rüthing : The Iburg near Bad Driburg, Höxter district. Early castles in Westphalia, Issue 26. Antiquities Commission for Westphalia, Regional Association Westphalia-Lippe. Münster, 2006. ISSN 0939-4745
- Waldemar Becker: The Iburg near Bad Driburg. Series of publications by the Heimatverein Bad Driburg, No. 30. Bad Driburg, 2004.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( Notes )
- ↑ Waldemar Becker: The Iburg near Bad Driburg , series of publications by the Heimatverein Bad Driburg, No. 30. Bad Driburg, 2004, p. 4
- ↑ a b Anna Bálint: Castles, palaces and historic aristocratic residences in the Höxter district, Höxter district, Höxter, 2002, ISBN 3-00-009356-7 , pp. 108-109
- ^ Wilhelm Kohl: Westphalian history. Vol. 1. Düsseldorf, 1983. p. 280.
- ^ V. On the sacrificial stones , in: Friedrich Wilhelm Weber: Dreizehnlinden - Chapter 6 , on projekt-gutenberg.org
- ^ Karl Leinweber: Colorfully selected poems . Bärenreiter-Druck , Kassel, 1978 p. 17