Rheder Castle

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Rheder Castle

The Rheder Castle is a small castle on the Nethe in Brakeler district Rheder , Höxter . It emerged from a manor that was the fief of the Principality of Paderborn . The complex is privately owned and is surrounded by eight hectares of landscaped English gardens . This has been designated as a nature reserve since 1949 and is open to the public.

description

Rheder Castle, garden facade

The palace complex consists of a pink manor house and a horseshoe-shaped outer bailey to the east, painted yellow. Its front, around 120 meters wide, has two octagonal corner pavilions and a large, centrally located gate passage with plastic gable decoration .

The two-storey, late baroque mansion with its short, only hinted at side wings looks very simple on the outside. On its east side it has a central projection with an unadorned triangular gable. A two-flight flight of stairs leads to the portal located there . The building has an interior in the Rococo style. In addition to the so-called Chinese Room with hand-painted fabric wallpaper from around 1770, the richly stuccoed garden room with an octagonal floor plan is particularly worth mentioning . Its furnishings come from the same Italian artists who designed Schwarzenraben Castle . In the southern part of the manor there is also a castle chapel with Rococo decoration.

The castle park in the style of an English landscape garden is largely to the east of the building. Particularly noticeable is its broad line of sight called Pückler-Schlag , which leads from the garden room of the manor house in a straight line to the Sieseberg to the east . The park also includes a tower ruin from the 19th century to the north of the manor house, known as the Idaturm , and the former kitchen garden of the castle.

history

The palace area 1854
Rheder Castle around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

In the 14th century Rheder was owned by the Knights of Brakel . After their extinction in 1384, their possessions fell to the Prince Diocese of Paderborn, whose bishop then enfeoffed the family of the Barons von Mengersen . They built a castle there and moved to Rheder around 1400.

The castle complex was destroyed during the Thirty Years War , so that Christian von Mengersen had several permanent houses built along the Nethe in order to be able to administer his possessions from there. His successor Christian Falcko von Mengersen was granted the privilege of brewing and serving beer in Rheder on July 2, 1686 by the Paderborn Prince-Bishop Simon von Sternberg . This laid the foundation stone for the castle brewery that still exists today.

In 1716, Christian Falcko's successor, Bruno Burchard von Mengersen, commissioned the Westphalian master builder Lambert Friedrich Corfey, together with the two Pictorius brothers , to build a bailey surrounded by a moat , which was ultimately realized by 1727 by the then young Johann Conrad Schlaun . The outer bailey was followed in 1750 by Franz Joseph von Mengersen and his wife Sophie-Antoinette, née Freiin von Spiegel zu Desenberg, and today's manor house was built according to plans by the architect Johann Matthias Kitz . Bruno's grandson Clemens August von Mengersen married Maria Anna Felicitas von Westphalen, a woman from one of the most influential and wealthy noble families of the bishopric . A representative baroque garden was also laid out during the 18th century, although this was probably only partially realized in terms of the original planning. The garden was completely surrounded by a wall, which is still preserved in the south and north of the palace area. In 1800 Clemens August's son Friedrich Wilhelm Bruno von Mengersen inherited his estate at Rheder Castle and in 1814 was raised to the status of hereditary count for special services .

Today's landscape garden was probably created in two phases. The first of these dates to the end of the 18th century and resulted in a romantic , playful design of the area. The park then had a Chinese summer house, a bark house, a friendship temple and a hermitage. Neither of these buildings has survived today, nor of the former avenue with oriental poplars , the rose island and the funeral island planted with fir trees. The second design phase of the park goes back to Josef Bruno von Mengersen, who later became known as the poet count of Nethegau through literary publications . Inspired by the landscape gardening ideas of Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau , he transformed the park from 1838 into a "classic" landscape garden with native trees and enlarged it to around 70 hectares.

With Josef Bruno von Mengersen, the male line Rheder of the von Mengersen family died out in 1873 and Rheder Castle was inherited by the family of Barons Spiegel von und zu Peckelsheim , who are still the owners of the facility today.

Todays use

The more than 300-year-old Gräflich Mengersen steam brewery and a hussar museum, which opened on November 9, 2003, are housed in the farm buildings of the outer bailey . The latter refers to the lord of the castle Adolf Freiherr Spiegel von und zu Peckelsheim, who was Rittmeister in the hussar regiment of Tsar Nicholas II .

In addition, a café opened in the former orangery in 2004 , and the palace chapel and the garden hall of the manor house can be rented for weddings.

Since 2003, a “spatial staging” by concept artist Jenny Holzer has been on view in the western part of the landscape park . It consists of a large number of tree trunks lying around randomly, on which texts by Holzer and Henri Cole are engraved.

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments . Westphalia . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1969, p. 483.
  • Alexander Duncker : The rural residences, castles and residences of the knightly landowners in the Prussian monarchy together with the royal family, house, Fideicommiss and Schattull goods. Volume 2, Berlin 1860 ( digitized version ).
  • Ernst Maoro: Rheder Castle in the Nethetal. In: Palaces, castles, mansions in East Westphalia-Lippe . Westfalen-Verlag, Bielefeld 1986, ISBN 3-88918-038-8 , pp. 183-186.
  • Hartmut Platte: House Rheder near Brakel and its noble owners from Mengersen, from Spiegel. Börde-Verlag, Werl 2005, ISBN 3-9809107-9-2 .
  • Westphalian Office for Landscape and Building Culture: Rheder Landscape Park. From the LWL documentation on the OstWestfalenLippe garden landscape.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Rheder  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ G. Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Westphalia. P. 483.
  2. ^ Johann Josef Böker : Unknown plan drawings by Lambert Friedrich Corfeys . In: Westphalia. Volume 67, 1989, pp. 171-183.
  3. ^ A b Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe: Landschaftspark Rheder in LWL-GeodatenKultur
  4. ^ Matthias Rasch: Architectural monuments endangered - architectural monuments saved. North Rhine-Westphalia (Westphalia area). In: Castles and Palaces . Volume 44, No. 4, 2003, ISSN  0007-6201 , p. 258.

Coordinates: 51 ° 40 ′ 44.3 "  N , 9 ° 9 ′ 43.2"  E