Wartberch
| Wartberch Castle | ||
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 The castle in the 16th century ( Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg 1582) |
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| Alternative name (s): | Uuardbergi, Vuartberch | |
| Creation time : | before 1036, new building 1299 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall, small remains | |
| Standing position : | Count, clergy | |
| Place: | Warburg | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 29 '12.1 " N , 9 ° 8' 40.5" E | |
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The Burg Wartberch (Uuardbergi, Vuartberch) is an Outbound already in the early modern times from a few residues destroyed Höhenburg above the Diemel tales, close to the Hessian border. The city of Warburg in today's Höxter district in North Rhine-Westphalia emerged from it .
history
The remains of broken fragments indicate that the mountain has been settled since the Neolithic Age . The beginnings of a castle complex are believed to have been in the Carolingian / Ottonian period. Around 1000 it was the center of a county that included large areas in the Saxon Hessengau , Ittergau and Nethegau and was ruled by the Haolden . Due to the favorable location on a mountain spur north of the Diemel, the trade routes crossing the river there could be controlled from there. Count Dodiko , the last of his tribe, celebrated the St. Andrew's Festival in their at least two-story main building in 1017/18 together with Bishop Meinwerk and, after the fatal accident of his only son and heir, decreed that the castle, including the St. Andrew's Chapel and the other associated goods, should be open after his death the Hochstift Paderborn should fall.
Paderborn Bishops built the castle in the 12th and 13th centuries planned to cover its basic rule to the south, built a high castle keep , the renewed chapel to a three-nave Andreas Basilica whose crypt is still preserved and surrounded the 1.5 ha large castle plateau with a 2.20–2.45 m thick, partially preserved curtain wall . They added one in the north bailey added, to bring the east of the castle developing settlement (villa) in 1190 to the city (civitas) and founded a little later on the north mountain ridges, a Neustadt (nova civitas) , which already 1239 a trained council constitution exhibited. They used knights from the Berkule , Canstein , Pappenheim and Horhusen families as castle men (milites) . Among them was u. a. Konrad von Horhusen (1237-1326).
Several disputes have been documented between the bishop's castle teams and the towns of Altstadt and Neustadt, which have been facing them together since 1309 at the latest, whereby the castle gradually lost its importance. The towns, which had been legally united since 1436, had the sack tower built right in front of the castle in 1443 in order to be able to better control it. In 1471 the Bishop Simon III pledged . zur Lippe passed the castle to Johann von Horhusen with the obligation to expand it further. Around 1584, however, it was already showing signs of deterioration and still consisted of the already roofless keep, overgrown with a bush, a three-storey stone main building and some half-timbered auxiliary buildings. During the Thirty Years War, the keep was renovated and reinforced again in 1631. After that, the castle finally lost its military importance and its residential use was also given up. In 1681, Bishop Ferdinand von Fürstenberg only renewed the church in a reduced form as a baroque pilgrimage church consecrated to Saint Erasmus while preserving the Romanesque crypt below it.
Illustrations from 1795 and 1815 show that during that time the main building was only a ruin . In 1820 the tower and the other buildings, apart from the Erasmus Chapel, were finally demolished and the area was leveled for the castle cemetery, which was established there from 1831.
literature
- Nikolaus Rodenkirchen: Architectural and art monuments of Westphalia, Warburg district. Munster 1939.
- Elmar Nolte: On the secular building of the medieval city of Warburg . In: Franz Mürmann (ed.): The city of Warburg 1036–1986 . Warburg 1986, p. 165.
- Heinz Stoob: Warburg. German City Atlas, Delivery I No. 10, Münster 1973.
Web links
- Entry on Castle Wartberch (Warburg) in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute