Hessengau

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The Hessengau (pagus Hassorum) was the largest Franconian county on the right bank of the Rhine in the Middle Ages . Around 900 it corresponds roughly to Northern Hesse (according to the proposal of the Geographentag of 1973) together with the Wittgensteiner Land and the eastern half of today's Warburg and Staufenberg , but without the area between Edersee and Diemelsee ( Ittergau ) and without the areas east of the Werra ( belonging to the Leinegau and the Germara Mark ) or east of the Hohe Meißner ( Netra and Ringgau ).

history

Hessengau (Hessi, Hassia) and Ittergau (Nihthersi) around 900

The Gau was divided into

  • the Saxon Hessengau ( Pagus Hessi Saxonicus ; between the Ittergau and the Weser ) and
  • the Franconian Hessengau.

The division came about when the Saxons pushed the Chatti south in the 7th century and settled the conquered land themselves without changing the name. The border between the two parts is roughly on the line Waldeck - Hann. Münden ( Benrath Line ) and ran just a short distance north of Kassel .

The Hessengau was one of the ancestral lands of the Conradines in the 9th century , but after the rebellion of Duke Eberhard von Franken and his death in 939 in the Battle of Andernach, it was drafted by King Otto I and given to loyalists as a fief . The Saxon part finally came to the Bishop of Paderborn in 1020/1021 after the death of Count Dodiko . The Franconian part was administered successively from 1027 by the Counts Werner and Giso as an imperial fief and finally came by inheritance in the 12th century to the Ludowingers and thus to Thuringia . After the Ludowingers died out in 1247 and the subsequent War of the Thuringian-Hessian Succession , the Gau became the heartland of the Landgraviate of Hesse and thus the nucleus of today's State of Hesse .

Counts in Hessengau

Counts in Hessengau were:

From the family of Esikonen :

  • Hiddi (Hildebold), attested in 813, count of the Saxon Hessengau
  • Asig (Esiko) , attested in 839 and 842, count of the Saxon Hessengau
  • Cobbo the Younger , attested around 890, Count of the Saxon Hessengau

In the middle of the last decade of the 9th century the dignity of count in the Saxon Hessengau fell temporarily to the Conradines for unknown reasons :

After Eberhard's death and the collection of his goods and fiefs by King Otto I. initially received

  • Liudolf , Otto's son, the Hessengau ( comitatus Hassonum )

From the family of Esikonen :

  • Elli I. (Allo), † after 965, Count in the Saxon Hessengau from 942, Count in Leinegau around 950.

From other families:

After Dodikos death, King Heinrich II (1002-1024) gave part of his property to the Bishop of Paderborn , the rest to Tammo. King Konrad II (1024-1039) withdrew the Paderborn part and awarded it to the Archbishop of Mainz . After Konrad's death, this area fell back to Paderborn. Konrad gave another part in 1027 to his follower and standard bearer Werner von Winterthur , who from then on administered the heart of the Franconian Hessengau as Count von Maden .

Counts from the Werner family , which also owned the County of Ruchesloh in the Lahngau near Marburg , were:

After Werner IV died without an heir, the county that he had given the Archdiocese of Mainz as a fief shortly before his death and received back from Mainz as such went to Giso IV. Counts from the house of the Gisonen :

After Giso V's death, Landgrave Ludwig I of Thuringia inherited the county due to his marriage to Giso's sister Hedwig von Gudensberg .

In the northeastern part of the Hessengau Siegfried III. von Boyneburg (~ 1050–1107) from the house of Northeim from 1083 to 1107 Count von Boyneburg , Count in Hessengau, Ittergau and Nethegau.

literature

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