Brakel (noble family)
The Lords of Brakel, later Knights of Brakel, were originally a noble family, later submerged in the ministerial aristocracy, with the focus on property around Brakel in the Höxter district .
history
The Lords of Brakel were originally a noble family with a focus on the Brakel area in East Westphalia . Their property was widely scattered and lay between Bünde in the County of Ravensberg to Arolsen in the County of Waldeck , from Alstedt in the Münsterland to the Harz Mountains .
A first known representative was Werner I. von Brakel in the first half of the 12th century. He was Ministerialer of the Corvey Monastery and the Bishop of Paderborn . Whether a Werno von Brach, who is mentioned in the middle of the 12th century, is identical with Werner and represents the first known representative of the family, is viewed critically today.
Their noble status can be inferred in particular from their marriage circles in the 13th century. In fact, they had already sunk into the ministerial nobility in the 12th century. Apparently, this hadn't damaged their reputation. There were family ties to, among others, the noblemen of Homburg , the counts of Everstein , the counts of Dassel and the noblemen of Büren .
The fact that their early relatives were always named first in the ranks of the ministerial also speaks for the family's noble past. The family judged Brakel under the king's spell and held the highest jurisdiction . Some of their representatives were also referred to as dominus . They were feudal lords for 26 knightly families.
In 1223 the lords gave the town of Brakel town rights. Before 1244, the family had given the town and castle Brakel as well as the Hinnenburg to the Heerse monastery as fief . In the 13th century, the lords were in the service of the Abbess von Heerse, and thus bailiffs of the city of Brakel. In economic terms, the transition to ministrality through the feudal estates received from Heerse Abbey and the Bishop of Paderborn proved to be advantageous. Incidentally, the supremacy of the monastery over Brakel and the Hinnenburg played no practical role. The gentlemen continued to use them like their property. Altogether the von Brakel had three castles. In addition to the Hinnenburg , this was the Oldenburg and the Stadtburg von Brakel.
The family mainly supported the Gehrden monastery and the Hardehausen monastery . Heinrich von Brakel belonged to the family , who with some violent support from the family ultimately tried in vain to become Bishop of Paderborn. The Hildesheim bishop Johann I von Brakel also came from the family.
In 1268 the Hinnenburg was still owned by a Berthold von Brakel. Through an heir, this and part of the Brakel lordship came into the possession of the Lords of Asseburg . The Counts of Everstein also owned part of Brakel during this period. The Bishop of Paderborn acquired a share of the rulership through purchase in 1290. In 1316, the bishops acquired additional shares from the Asseburgers and the Eversteiners. During this time the Asseburgers, the bishop and the von Brakel family each held a third of the city. As a result, however, the bishops' claim to sovereignty became increasingly evident. The upper ownership also passed from Heerse Abbey to the bishops.
Overall, the importance of the family decreased, as various property sales and pledges show. In addition to the bishop, the influence of the city of Brakel also increased at the expense of the family. In 1350 this sold its share in the Gogericht Brakel to the city. After the family died out in 1384/1385, the rest of the property came to the Paderborn Monastery .
coat of arms
The coat of arms shows three posts with a crossbar above . Two buffalo horns on the helmet , each with three bar ends on the outside. The timing has not been handed down. The stakes refer to the Pahlburg of the Lords of Brakel.
people
- Heinrich von Brakel (* before 1200, † after 1248), clergyman in Paderborn, after his excommunication as an episcopal and Danish vassal in the Baltic States .
- Johann I von Brakel (* around 1200; † 1260), Bishop of Hildesheim 1257–1260
See also
Brackel (German-Baltic noble family)
literature
- Nathalie Kruppa, Jürgen Wilke: The Hildesheim Bishops from 1221 to 1398. Berlin, New York 2006 ( Germania Sacra NF 46) pp. 172–173
- Wilhelm Engelbert Giefers : Contributions to the history of the Lords of Brakel . In: Journal for patriotic history and antiquity, Volume 37 (1879), pp. 91–165
- Wilhelm Engelbert Giefers: History of the city of Brakel . In: Journal for patriotic history and antiquity, Volume 28 (1869), pp. 197–308
- Wilhelm Thöne: Sociological studies on the former noblemen of Brakel in the district of Höxter i. W. In: Westfälische Zeitschrift Vol. 93 (1937), pp. 39-78
Individual evidence
- ^ Book of arms of the Westphalian nobility, vol. 1, page 19
- ↑ Diether Pöppel, Das Hochstift Paderborn - Origin and Development of State Sovereignty , Paderborn 1996, p. 81.