Dalheim Monastery (Lichtenau)
 Front view of the museum |
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| Data | |
|---|---|
| place |
Lichtenau-Dalheim 
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| Art |
Museum of Monastic Culture
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| opening | 2007 |
| operator |
Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe, Dalheim Monastery Foundation
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| management |
Ingo Grabowsky
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| Website | |
The monastery Dalheim is a former Augustinian Monastery in Lichtenau in Paderborn district .
Founded in the 15th century and splendidly expanded in the Baroque , the almost completely preserved monastery complex was used as a manor after the secularization (1803). Since 2007 the former monastery has housed the Dalheim Monastery Foundation . LWL State Museum for Monastery Culture, one of the 18 museums of the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe (LWL). The museum is operated jointly by the LWL and the Dalheim Monastery Foundation . Ingo Grabowsky is the director of the house.
In its newly designed exhibition rooms, the museum presents permanent and special exhibitions on monastic cultural history. In addition to the late Gothic monastery church and the enclosure, the museum also includes the 7.5 hectare outdoor area with a baroque farmyard, mill, forge and wheelwright as well as the restored monastery gardens and its own brewery within the present monastery inn.
The monastery and the neighboring settlement of Dalheim are located southwest of Lichtenau in a side valley of the Altenau on the western slope of the Egge Mountains . The monastery is located in the Teutoburg Forest / Eggegebirge nature park .
monastery
Prehistory - parish - convent
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Archaeological finds indicate that the place has been settled since the 1st century BC. Close. In the Middle Ages, Dalheim apparently owned a small parish church as early as the year 800. A successor to this building served as a monastery church for the women's order founded and resident in Dalheim in the second half of the 12th century. The small women's community in Dalheim never had any great, supra-regional significance. Financial difficulties, violent destruction, climatic deterioration and above all the plague wave in the 14th century caused problems for the nuns. Eventually the monastery was abandoned towards the end of the 14th century. Remnants of the church were uncovered in 1990 by an excavation by the Westphalian Museum of Archeology - Office for Land Monument Preservation, Münster (today: LWL Archeology for Westphalia ).
Start-up
The decline of the first settlement and the dissolution of the women's monastery was followed in 1429 by the repopulation by Augustinian canons of the Böddeken monastery (near Wewelsburg in today's Paderborn district). In 1452 Dalheim regained the status of an independent monastery. Since the monastery buildings were in poor condition, the monastery was completely rebuilt in the following years: A new church and spacious convent buildings were built to the west of the old complex in the valley. Around 1500 there were 24 canons and 100 lay brothers living in Dalheim Monastery . It was considered the spiritual, but also the economic center of the southern Paderborn region .
The Reformation had no consequences for the monastery in the still Catholic region. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), on the other hand, badly damaged the previously prosperous Dalheim convent.
Witch trial
The witch trials carried out by Bishop Dietrich von Fürstenberg in 1600/01 against the prior, the subprior and two other canons of the Dalheim monastery caused great waves . The four canons were accused of holding magical gatherings in addition to their spiritual activities. For almost a year, Prior Lucas Wasinck, the subprior, the procurator and the monastery Granarius, who was responsible for the economy, sat in the dungeon in Neuhaus Castle , where one of the conventuals died. According to some traditions from the Dalheim Convention, power-political intrigues were responsible for the arrests. The territorial claims of the Paderborn prince-bishop Dietrich von Fürstenberg were to blame . In the end, however, the survivors were acquitted. The law faculty in Würzburg finally drew up an opinion, which the Dalheim brothers acquitted. In the end, the sovereign negotiated a settlement with the canons. In return for their release, the prior, subprior and procurator agreed to an annual grain levy from the monastery.
Baroque heyday
After painstaking construction work, the monastery experienced its greatest heyday in the Baroque period. Above all, Bartholdus Schonlau, prior since 1708 , carried out the expansion of Dalheim and formed an impressive overall complex. He boasted of having erected as many buildings in his 23 years in office. This phase, in which the representative monastery courtyard , the generous farm buildings and the extensive gardens were built, has significantly shaped Dalheim's appearance to this day.
resolution
Around 1800 almost 21,000 acres of land belonged to the Dalheim monastery , the villages of Oesdorf and Meerhof (today part of the town of Marsberg in the Hochsauerlandkreis ) including residents, and instead of the lay brothers, around 200 farm workers who tilled 1,250 acres of land.
In the course of secularization , the monastery was closed in 1803 and leased as a state domain . However, contrary to what was assumed, the suspension of Dalheim initially did not pay off. Several tenants of the domain could not make a profit from the sale of the monastery inventory. It was not until the second half of the 19th century that Dalheim developed into an agricultural property with regular profit. Secularization also included the conversion of the existing buildings. From now on cattle or straw and grain were stored in the church and cloister. Additional installations and the construction of new buildings, such as a new sheep pen, increased the area for economic use. Until the 1970s, Dalheim Monastery was used as a farm.
museum
Since the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL) acquired the monastery complex in 1979, extensive funds have been raised to secure the existing building, to partially dismantle it and carefully transform it into a modern museum. Since 2002, the construction work has been accompanied by exhibitions that deal with monastic and religious topics with the involvement of various specialist areas. After the completion of the first construction phase (2005–2007), the Dalheim Monastery Foundation opened in spring 2007 . LWL State Museum for Monastery Culture. In 2010 the museum opened on around 3,000 square meters of exhibition space under the title “ Entered! 1,700 years of monastery culture ”is its new permanent exhibition.
The aim of the house, which is unique in Germany, is to give a lively and well-founded insight into the development and diversity of European monastery culture. The Dalheim monastery complex as a whole is the most important exhibit.
Monastery church and enclosure
The late Gothic monastery church and the enclosure form the core of the monastery complex . The church dates from the time the monastery was founded and was built between 1460 and 1470. It is a towerless, stretched hall building of around 52 meters in length, which is divided into a choir and nave by a modern restored rood screen . The furnishings of the baroque Dalheim monastery church included a spring-loading organ from the 17th and 18th centuries, today the largest baroque organ in Westphalia. It has been in the parish church of St. Johannes Baptist in Borgentreich since secularization . The late Gothic cloister connects to the south, some of the wall paintings of which have been preserved to this day. Mirrors make it easier to see the elaborate wall paintings. The south wing of the cloister was destroyed after 1803 and restored in the course of the second construction phase (2008-2010) using modern means, such as a vault made to measure for each yoke that was cast from concrete using an elaborate process. A fire also destroyed the upper floor of the eastern cloister in the 19th century, which was also restored in the second construction phase.
Since 2010, the new large permanent exhibition of the LWL State Museum for Monastery Culture, based on the historical conditions in the enclosure, has made space and function tangible with modern means and presentations. These include, for example, the chapter room (assembly room), the refectory (dining room), the scriptorium (writing room) or the calefactorium (warming room), but also the library and the storage cellar.
Baroque extensions
From 1711 the late Gothic complex was extended to the west with additions like a three-wing castle. The north wing (1712/13) was the residence of the monastery chief , the so-called prelature, in the south wing (1727) there was a guest house and brewery. The west wing, the so-called kitchen wing, was given a matching facade between 1731 and 1737, which still bears witness to the baroque splendor of the complex. Today the west and south wings are used as museum rooms. Part of the south wing houses the monastery inn and the brewery.
Monastery gardens
In the Baroque era, Dalheim Monastery was surrounded by magnificent gardens. After secularization, they fell victim to the redesign of the monastery complex. On the basis of archaeological excavations and the so-called Schonlau vedute (after 1737), a detailed and very realistic painting of the baroque monastery complex, the appearance of the historical gardens on an area of 2 hectares could be reconstructed. After a careful reinterpretation of the formerly baroque monastery gardens , they are now one of the main attractions of the museum complex again and convey a lasting impression of the garden history of Dalheim monastery and the importance of monastery gardens in general.
The heart of the representative complex are the gardens of the convent (opened in 2006, expanded in 2010) and the prior (opened in 2010) with the large garden house ( orangery ) and the small garden house, the location of the domain's clock since 1846. Numerous beds show which plants have always been cultivated in monastery gardens and provide information about their importance as medicinal, useful or symbolic plants. The other gardens of Dalheim Monastery included a herb garden near the former monastery hospital. The medicinal herb garden next to the poultry house, which was laid out in 2002, reflects the level of knowledge of monastery medicine in the baroque era. With the so-called dairy garden, the facility also had another important cultivation area.
From June 2009 to July 2010, the Dalheim monastery gardens became a place of modern art: The world's first outdoor sculpture Volk Ding Zero - Folk Thing Zero by Georg Baselitz was presented to the public in the presence of the artist. It was on display in the convent garden as part of the “Rauminszenierungen” project of the “Garten_Landschaft OstWestfalenLippe” project.
The Dalheim monastery gardens are integrated into the European Garden Heritage Network , the European garden network.
Outdoor area
The extensive outside area also includes the farm yard of the former Dalheim monastery. Its oldest surviving building is the forge , which dates from the 17th century at the latest. The image of the farm yard today is shaped by the later redesigns under the priory by Bartholdus Schonlau (1708–1730). He had a total of 23 new buildings built. The Ackerbergscheune, the dairy barn with the Sassenhaus, the tithe barn and the old sheepfold have been preserved to this day . The so-called New Sheepfold (1829), the potato cellar (1842) and the poultry house (19th century) originate from post-monastery use. Today's mill was built with the wheelwright in 1871 on the site of the baroque mill. Depending on the season, farm animals (ducks, donkeys, sheep, etc.) are housed on the site. Since 2012, the monastery garden has been the new home of the sculpture "Three hasty nuns" by the sculptor Andreas Helmling .
Brewery and monastery inn
A brewery is now operated in the monastery cellar below the guest wing, where the Augustinian canons brewed beer until secularization. The former guest wing is used as a monastery inn, which is run by the Brand family.
Monastery shop
The Dalheimer Klosterladen sells various products from monastic production such as wine, pastries and soaps. Products made in Dalheim Monastery, such as Dalheimer Klosterbräu, brandies, liqueurs and honey, can also be purchased.
Exhibitions
Permanent and changing special exhibitions show how monasteries have decisively shaped the development of Europe over the centuries until today and how, in addition to their outstanding importance as religious centers and mediators of the Christian faith, they are also places of education, research, art and the economic development of entire regions were.
Special exhibitions
- 2019 conspiracy theories - then and now
- 2017 Martin was here. Luther's life in Playmobil (studio exhibition)
- 2017 Codex Gisle. Praise for Eternity (Studio Exhibition)
- 2017 Luther. 1917 until today
- 2016 Heinrich Aldegrever : Master of the small format (studio exhibition)
- 2015 The 7 Deadly Sins
- 2014 In football heaven and on earth. What connects football and religion (studio exhibition)
- 2013 cheerful to divine. The culture of play in the monastery
- 2011 power of the word. Benedictine monasticism in the mirror of Europe
- 2010 Making of Dalheim: Idea - Process - Result
- 2009 In old freshness. Reproductions of monastic art
- 2008 Well prepared? The art of dying right
- 2007 Baroque heyday. The culture of the monasteries in Westphalia
- 2006 Show at the beautiful ornamental gardens
- 2005 Construction site of the monastery
- 2004 From the monastery kitchen and monastery cellar
- 2003 Scattered and battered. The secularization of Dalheim Monastery
- 2002 A look into paradise
Permanent exhibitions
- 2010 Entered! 1,700 years of monastery history
- 2007 secularization and a new beginning. The culture of the monasteries in Westphalia
The permanent exhibition “ Entered! 1,700 years of monastery history ”is divided into three areas: the enclosure , the Dalheim history and the development of the monastery culture.
Based on the historical circumstances, eleven monastic functional rooms in the enclosure make it possible to experience how people lived, prayed and worked in a medieval monastery using modern means and staging. Every work had its space, every task its fixed hour, everything was directed towards God. In the writing room , for example, it is explained how elaborate manuscripts were created, and in the monastery dining room an installation makes it clear how the religious should follow their rules at mealtimes - but also which exceptions they found to the rule.
The permanent exhibition around the former smokehouse tells the more than 800-year eventful history of Dalheim Monastery. It extends from the medieval use as a women's monastery to the resettlement by the Augustinian canons in the 15th century to its dissolution after the Prussian Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803 and the subsequent use as an estate. Rare finds from Dalheim's history give an insight into the monastic life and everyday life of the religious, whose traces were largely destroyed by the Prussian state authorities when the monastery was dissolved.
A separate area deals with the secularization of 1803 and the use of the complex as an estate. Parts of the domain furnishings, a picture gallery and a media installation on joining the monastery today are exhibited here. The core of the exhibition area is the fully functional grain sorting system that takes up almost the entire space.
The show in the newly built exhibition halls focuses on the historical development of the religious orders. From the late antique desert fathers and the emergence of the first order to the reforms of monasticism, the dissolution of many monasteries and their new beginning in the 19th century, it shows the developments of a culture that is characterized by a regular life in renunciation and silence up to the present day, But there is always more to it than the Benedictine “ Ora et labora ” (Latin: “Pray and work”).
Over 200 exhibits from more than ten centuries are presented, including typical objects from everyday life in the monastery: from crockery from excavations to liturgical implements and precious chasubles to altars and panel paintings , sculptures, architectural sculptures and books. Elaborate and detailed models of important monasteries such as Cluny , Hirsau or Melk illustrate the development of religious orders in Europe using outstanding and formative examples.
Film documentaries and interviews show religious life yesterday and today. Multimedia productions by the renowned and multiple award-winning Austrian artist Peter Hans Felzmann explain the St. Gallen monastery plan or introduce the story of creation using the latest media technology .
Cultural mediation
The educational offerings of the Dalheim Monastery School reflect the diverse knowledge of the monks and nuns. Guided tours, courses, holiday programs and activities are all about everyday life in the monastery, which is characterized by the Benedictine motto “ Ora et labora ” (Latin: pray and work). Events such as the family day “Et labora! Handicrafts in the monastery ”or the“ Day of Silence ”bring selected facets of monastic culture to the fore.
Events
The LWL State Museum for Monastery Culture regularly hosts events. This includes “The Garden Festival” in April and May (organizer: Messebüro Rode, Kassel). Since 2015 a family day has been held every spring under the title "Et labora! Crafts in the monastery". Since 2016 the museum has been organizing the open-air festival " Summer Night Songs" in cooperation with the KulturBüro-OWL . In July and August, the Dalheim Monastery is the scene of the music and theater festival “ Dalheim Summer ”. The Dalheim Winter Magic has been taking place every year since November 2016 (Organizer: Messebüro Rode, Kassel). On the Advent Sundays, the “Dalheim Advent” offers calm in preparation for the Christmas season.
Dalheimer monastery market
The Dalheim Monastery Market, which the Dalheim Monastery Foundation holds on the outside of the monastery on the last weekend in August, is the highlight of the year. Around 40 religious orders from all over Germany and neighboring countries take part in the Dalheimer Klostermarkt . There monks and nuns offer their monastic products from the kitchen, garden, cellar, brewery and workshop.
The monastery market is also a forum for the exchange of ideas about God and the world, about spirituality and social commitment. It reaches an average of around 15,000 to 18,000 visitors at a time, making it the largest monastery market in Europe according to the organizers.
literature
- Conspiracy theories - then and now. Published by the Dalheim Monastery Foundation . LWL-Landesmuseum für Klosterkultur / Ingo Grabowsky, Ardey, Münster 2019, ISBN 978-3-87023-442-3 .
- Luther - 1917 until today. Published by the Dalheim Monastery Foundation . LWL-Landesmuseum für Klosterkultur / Ingo Grabowsky, Ardey, Münster 2016, ISBN 978-3-87023-393-8 .
- The 7 deadly sins. 1,700 years of cultural history between virtue and vice. Published by the Dalheim Monastery Foundation . LWL-State Museum for Monastery Culture / Ingo Grabowsky, Ardey, Münster 2015, ISBN 978-3-87023-379-2 .
- In football heaven and on earth. What connects football and religion. Published by the Dalheim Monastery Foundation. LWL-Landesmuseum für Klosterkultur, Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-7307-0150-8 .
- Cheerful to divine. The culture of play in the monastery. Published by the Dalheim Monastery Foundation . LWL State Museum for Monastery Culture. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2013, ISBN 978-3-89870-824-1 .
- Gerfried Sitar, Martin Kroker (ed.): Power of the word. Benedictine monasticism in the mirror of Europe. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7954-2125-0 .
- Helga Fabritius among others: With God as protector and happiness as companion. The Dalheim monastery complex. Published by the Dalheim Monastery Foundation . LWL State Museum for Monastery Culture. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin et al. 2010, ISBN 978-3-422-02281-2 .
- Matthias Preißler: The paradise behind the wall. The Dalheim monastery gardens. Published by the Dalheim Monastery Foundation . LWL State Museum for Monastery Culture. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin et al. 2010, ISBN 978-3-422-02274-4 .
- Matthias Wemhoff (ed.): Baroque heyday. The culture of the monasteries in Westphalia (= Dalheim catalogs 1). Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7954-1962-2 .
- Matthias Wemhoff (Ed.): Secularization and a new beginning. The culture of the monasteries in Westphalia ( Dalheim catalogs 2). Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7954-1963-9 .
- Roland Pieper : Dalheim. Parish - monastery - state domain. Ardey, Münster 2000, ISBN 3-87023-115-7 .
- Roland Pieper: Dalheim Monastery. A short story. Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe, Münster 2000.
Web links
- Presence of the monastery on the website Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe
- Music and theater festival Dalheimer Sommer
- Dalheim monastery gardens in the European Garden Heritage Network (EGHN)
- Pictures of the monastery in the picture archive of the LWL media center for Westphalia
- Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe: Dalheim monastery complex in LWL geodata culture
- Information on the inventory of documents A 274 I (Dalheim Monastery - documents) of the Westphalia department of the North Rhine-Westphalia State Archives
- Information on the files A 274 II (Dalheim Monastery - files) of the Westphalia department of the North Rhine-Westphalia State Archives
Individual evidence
- ^ Rainer Decker : Paderborn - witch persecutions. From: Lexicon on the history of witch persecution, in: historicum.net, https://www.historicum.net/purl/jdzvq/ (May 24, 2015).
- ↑ https://www.lwl.org/LWL/Kultur/kloster-dalheim/bildergalerie/et-labora
- ↑ http://www.gartenfestivals.de/index.php?content=winterzauber_dalheim
- ↑ https://www.lwl.org/LWL/Kultur/kloster-dalheim/bildergalerie/klostermarkt